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Creative Communication Creative Communication using computer aided using computer aided
presentationspresentations
Norman ScholfieldQueens UniversityBelfastUK
• make clear scientific communications• show how audiences can be guided through a
presentation • use graphics and animations to efficiently transfer
information to a large audience• know the facilities provided by computer based
visual presentations and how to exploit them
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ObjectivesObjectives
At the end of this lecture you should be able to:
Scientific communicationScientific communication
• Clear and precise descriptions
• Not easy - difficult for English speakers too
• Scientific English not normal English
• Scientific words - similar in all languages
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ConclusionThe succession of
transabdominal sex identification interpretation is needs :
- professional skilled and acknowledge .
- size and feature of sample
- breeding season
- transducer resolution Next slide
The success of sex identification using trans-abdominal ultrasound depends on:
- professional skill and knowledge
- sample size and type
- breeding season
- transducer resolution
Methods in presenting informationMethods in presenting information
Language and textEasy to construct a presentation
GraphicsEasy to understand complex ideasEasier to present if language skills poorEasier to follow if words inaudible
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Decide on the messageDecide on the message
What message should the viewer to take away?Should be remembered the next day at least.Your are advertising your work
Focus the presentation around thisDo not try to present too much material
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How to present the informationHow to present the information
Assume that your viewer is lazy
Ideas easier to convey through graphicsHelps if language poor
Text should be used to fortify the graphics, summarise data and explain basic concepts
Everything you say should be supported by visualshelps in language barrier
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What information to presentWhat information to present
Information to audience• Main message (long term memory)• Information validating (supporting) main message
(short term memory)
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Sequence of presentationSequence of presentation
• Title, who you are and affiliation (institute address)
• Introduction (short and clear) leading to:Aims and objectives
• Methods (enough to understand results)
• Results (convince the audience they are valid)
• Discussion (precise and relevant link to current knowledge)
• Conclusions (link to objectives)Next slide
The talkThe talk• International English
• Speak loudly and clearly
• Everything you say must be supported by the visuals• Helps you• Keeps the audience focused
• While speaking you are:• helping to guide the audience• expanding and clarifying details• controlling the focus of the audience
You are the boss!If you loose the audience you are no longer the boss
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Advantages of computer aided presentations Advantages of computer aided presentations (PowerPoint)(PowerPoint)
• Static information (no advantage over slides)
• Appearance of items in sequence (movement alerts visual system)
• Construct graphics
• Embedding graphs, images, videos
• Creating animations to illustrate sequences of events or ideas
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Mode of presentationMode of presentation
• Use your presentation as a cue
Never read out
from prepared paper notes or
from the displayed slide• Operate computer yourself (you have complete
control)• May use mouse as pointer (if big)• Keep slides simple and limit information• Limit to 6-15 slides for 10 min (depends on
information in each slide)• Use steady pace (rushing is for the nervous)
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Testing the presentationTesting the presentation
• Ask another person to assess your presentation• find someone who is nasty
• Rehearse the presentation• have real audience• use the actual presentation room and computer if
possible• check timing• gives you confidence• do not try to memorise it
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Constructing the presentationConstructing the presentation
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Results
Difference of c reatine kinase
level
Mean differenc
e
p- value
After exercise – Beforeexercise
637.(Differenc
e 1)
033.
Effect of vitamin E Supplementation :
After exercise – Befor eexercise
250.(Differenc
e 2)
056.
Difference 2 – Differen 1ce
- 387 057.Next slide
Bacteriologic culturesBacteriologic cultures
1 g1 g of fecal material of fecal material
RVRV broth broth
Incubate 42 0c 24 hrs
RVRV broth broth
Incubate 42 0c 24 hrs
XLD XLD BPLSBPLS IncubateIncubatedd 37 37 oocc IIncubate 37 ncubate 37 ooc 24 c 24 hrshrs
24 24 hrshrs
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RVRV brothbroth RVRV brothbroth
TextText
Maintain a basic font style and size throughout
Have short phrases with:subtitles,
• bullets or 1. numbers
Avoid long sentences
Text - clearly seen from back of room-use a font size of 20-36 point
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This is not clear textThis is not clear text
This is moderately clear
But this is clearerBut this is clearer But not when smallBut not when small
Blue clear here
But this is harder to see
Text stylesText styles
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This is not clear textThis is not clear textThis is clear Shadow lost hereShadow lost hereBut this colour combination is difficult to
readbut red works here
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• Beware of a graded background
• It can start off clear
•But then provide poor clarity at the other extreme
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•Beware of a medium intensity or bright backgrounds
•Because neither light
•or dark coloured text stand out
•The background should be subtle
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Font styles
This is Arial which is good down to small sizes
This is times roman which is less clear small or large
Avoid gimmick fontsof any type
Tahoma, Sans serif, Franklin Gothic are also good
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Font styles
To highlight key words or titles use:
• Bold
• Italics
• or larger fonts for titles
• or a colour to highlight (but not to the distraction of other text)
• Avoid underlining and
•CAPITALS WHICH MAKES TEXT HARDER TO SCAN READ
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And avoid textures to the background
Which make the clearest of fonts confusing to read
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Microsoft templates mostly rubbish
Reduces amount of space
Less flexibility
May cause visual confusion
Make your own - keep simple
Templates
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Template can be used for corporate identity
Include titles
Template ensures consistent
background
font style and size
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Templates
GraphicsGraphicsfrom internet
Definition usually poorValidity suspect
from booksDepends on scannerLabelling usually too smallToo much detailStatic
Therefore construct your ownSimple line drawings showing only relevant detailsWell labelledCareful use of color Save memory
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Histamine
H2R
AchR(M)
AchR(M)
Vagal axonsParasymp
Parietal cell
Prostaglandin
Gastrin
Ent
ero-
chro
maf
fin
cell
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Regulation of acid secretion
Too much info here
Problems of using static textProblems of using static text
Viewer's attention will wonder to other items
Need a pointer to high-light current item
Only the pointer provides visual stimulation
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Using motionUsing motion
Fly in from side
Zoom in
or fly in from bottomor wipe in from the side
or use a gimmick - but only once
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Constructing more complex animationsConstructing more complex animations
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Constructing more complex animationsConstructing more complex animations
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In the same way that text can "wipe in"same for graphics
Progesterone
Oestrogen
The menstrual cycle
Levels
in
b
lood
0 7 14 21 28 days
Ovulation
Very slow appearance canbe used to talk through
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Summation
Action potential
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Musclemembrane potential
Muscle
tension
20 msec
Summation of contraction in skeletal muscle
Motion pathsMotion paths
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To move an object over screen
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Muscle tension
Why no labelling here?
K+
Gastric Lumen
Plasma side
H2O +H+
H2CO3
HCO3-
+
CO2
Cl-
Parietal cell
Anion exchange pump
Proton pump
AT
P
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Changing the appearance of objectsChanging the appearance of objects
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This is a gimmick - do not use
Histamine
H2R
AchR(M)
AchR(M)
Vagal axonsParasymp
Parietal cell
Prostaglandin (inhibits)
Gastrin (stimulates)
Ent
ero-
chro
maf
fin
cell
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H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
Video clipsMake sure that the video driver is present
Use to highlight important points
Unity
Use neutral or soft colors
Try different shades of same color
Otherwise create visual confusion
Use of colourUse of colour
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Material&Methods
98 cows
Treatment group57 cows
The second group26 cows
The first group31 cows
Control group
41 cows
Material & methodsMaterial & methods
Total cows(98)
Anti-depressant
treated (57)
Sham injected
cows (41)
Prozac (31)
Seroxat (26)
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The body condition score chart from Edmoson et al. J Dairy Sci 1989;72:68-78.
Detection of antibody Detection of antibody titer to titer to
Burkholderia Burkholderia pseudomalleipseudomallei infection infection in the Asian elephants in the Asian elephants ((Elephas maximusElephas maximus) in ) in Lampang Province by Lampang Province by
Indirect Indirect Hemagglutination test Hemagglutination test
(IHA)(IHA)
Detection of antibody Detection of antibody titer to titer to
Burkholderia Burkholderia pseudomalleipseudomallei infection infection in the Asian elephants in the Asian elephants ((Elephas maximusElephas maximus) in ) in Lampang Province by Lampang Province by
Indirect Indirect Hemagglutination test Hemagglutination test
(IHA)(IHA)Roschong Boonyarittichaikij* Pussorn
Kumjun* Warut Wongkalasin** Chuleeporn Saksangawong*** Tulyawat
Suttiphaet** Sitthidej Mahasawangkul**** Taweepoke Angkawanich**** Sarun
Chansittivej****Elephant and wildlife clinic, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Chiang Mai University
Color (greens and yellows)
Screen resolution
Video drivers
A picture may not embed into presentation file (only a link)
- check the projected images
What you see on your computer may not be seen by the audience
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Objective of the study
To compare of bacterial culture of
S. pyogenes, S. aureus, M. bovis, and
N. gonorrhoeae between horses with normal
conjunctiva and horses with conjunctivitis
Objectives
To compare bacterial cultures of S. pyogenes, S. aureus, M. bovis and N. gonorrhoeae from horses with and without conjunctivitis
Primary culture
Sample
Pure culture
REFERENCES 1. นี�โลบล เนี��องตั�นี. บรรณาธิ�การ. ชี�วเคมี� 1 . พิ�มพิ�คร��งที่�� 5 .กร�งเที่พิ: บางกอกบล�อก, 2542. analysis of changes in serum creatine kinase .J Appl Physiol .1988; 65: 2598 2. ศิ�ร�วรรณ สุ�ธิที่จิ�ตัตั�. วตามีน อาหาร ผลิตภั�ณฑ์�เสรมีอาหาร ยา เคร��องส�าอาง. เชี�ยงใหม# : คณะเภสุ�ที่ศิาสุตัร� มหาว�ที่ยาล�ยเชี�ยงใหม#, 2545. 3. Apple F.S., Rhodes M., Enzymatic estimation of skeletal muscle damage by 4. Aguillo A., TAuler P., Gimeno I., et al. Changes in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme during prolonged submaximal exercise. Biofactor. 2000; 11: 27-30. 5. Baskin S.I., Selem H. Oxidant, antioxidants, and free radical .1st ed. U.S.A. : Taylor & Francis, 1997. 6. Chiaradia E., Avellini L., Rueca F., et al. Physical exercise, oxidant stress and
Muscle damage in racehorses. Comparative Biochemistry and physiology part B. 1998; 119 : 833- 836. 7. Despopoulos A., Silbernagl S. Color atlas of physiology. 5th ed. New York : Thieme verleg , 2001. 8. Harper H.A. Review of physiological chemistry. 1st ed. Canada: large medical publications, 1973. 9. Helghim I., Hetland O., Nilsson S., et al. The effect of vitamin E on serum enzyme levels following heavy exercise. Eur J appl Physiol. 1999; 40: 283. 10. Jakeman P., Maxwell S. Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle function after eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993; 67: 426.
• Organise information to be presented
• Use scientific English
• Control/guide the audience using
text/graphics
sequenced appearance of information
speech
• Simple graphical presentations most efficient
• Powerpoint also used to
construct graphics,
animations
timing presentation
Summary
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• Examples taken from previous years
• But experienced and famous researchers often make similar errors
Post script
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This PowerPoint presentation will be
available for your use
The end
Question time ????
How are you going to deliver the message?How are you going to deliver the message?
The central theme is the message and evidence supporting the message
Outline your objectives at the start.
Describe the problem and show how you will solve it.
Main body of poster
Conclusion with reference to objectives