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Creativity and the Visual ArtsDiane M. Wilcox, Ph.D.
Children and Artistic Ability
• The arts are essential to a child’s intellectual development• Drawing and
painting can be taught to any child
Visual/Spatial Intelligence
• All children have the ability to express themselves visually, but there is great variability in this ability• Howard Gardner says that all people have
some degree of “visual/spatial intelligence”
Multiple Intelligence Theory (MI)
• Linguistic• Logical -
Mathematical• Visual-spatial• Kinesthetic
• Musical• Naturalist• Interpersonal• Intrapersonal
According to Howard Gardner, humans possess eight intelligences:
MI Theory, cont.
• There is no “artistic” intelligence
• The Visual Arts use visual/spatial, kinesthetic, and intrapersonal intelligences
MI Theory, cont.
• Visual/Spatial Intelligence – the ability to perceive the visual world accurately and to use mental imagery to perform transformations.
MI Theory, cont.
• Kinesthetic Intelligence – the ability to use one's body in differentiated ways for both expressive and goal-directed activities.
MI Theory, cont.
• Intrapersonal Intelligence – the ability to self-appraise, self monitor, self correct, set goals, and manage one’s emotions.
Children and Artistic Development
• Children go through different developmental stages in visual expression• Although all children go through these
stages, there is some variability as to when they go through them
http://www.learningdesign.com/Portfolio/DrawDev/kiddrawing.html
Scribbling Stage
Disorganized scribbles
• 2 years old
http://www.learningdesign.com/Portfolio/DrawDev/kiddrawing.html
Pre-schematic/Symbols
Children try to draw a person
3 years old
4 years old
http://www.learningdesign.com/Portfolio/DrawDev/kiddrawing.html
Schematic/Landscape
• The child uses a “schema” to portray what he/she understands about the world
• 6 years old
The Gang Stage: Complexity/Realism
• Children are concerned with trying to draw how things really look
• They compare their work to others
8 years old
10 years old
Pseudo-Naturalistic/Crisis Period
• Children strive to create “adult-like” images
• 12 years old
Artists that Inspire Children
Diego Rivera
• Famous Mexican Muralist
• Was a child (12 years old) when he painted this
Rivera – painted at Age 18
Jacob Lawrence
• A famous African American painter known for his narrative paintings
Georgia O’Keefe
• Famous female artist• Known for her
sumptuous flower paintings
Pablo Picasso
• Born in Spain• Displayed
exceptional talent as a child
• Started the cubist movement with Georges Braque
Color TheoryPrimary Colors
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
After this activity, you will be able to:• Make a color wheel containing 3 primary
and 3 secondary colors
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Blue, Red, and Yellow are the primary colors
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Blue and red make purple
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Yellow and red make orange
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Blue and yellow make green
Primary and Secondary Colors
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Add white to make tints
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
Add black to make shades
Activity: Make a Color Wheel
• Complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel– Blue – Orange– Red – Green– Yellow – Purple
• When complementary colors are mixed, they make gray
Activity: Crayon Resist
After this activity, you will be able to:• Use paint and crayon resist to create a self
portrait
Activity: Stencils
After this activity, you will be able to:• Use stencils and paint to create a landscape
Questions?
References:
• Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century by Howard Gardner
• http://www.learningdesign.com/Portfolio/DrawDev/kiddrawing.html