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CreativityCreative Thinking & Creative Problem-
solving
2 Models of Creative Problem Solvingplus
The Incubation Model of Teaching:13 Additional Creative “Qualities”
Creativity is not:
The domain of a few individuals Not known to be linked to specific factors
or traits Exclusive of many individuals
Shared by all, varies by many factors Exclusively “world-altering”
Personal vs Cultural creativity Importance of distinguishing between these 2 Need to develop Personal to achieve Cultural
Creativity is:
Universal All people have this capacity, as with
intelligence Continuous
Varies by degree, type, as with intelligence
In Potential (subject to “training”) Identifiable via types of “performances” Performance competencies can be
developed
2-Factor Model
Novelty: Unique, distinct, “original” responses to environment, experience, circumstances
Usefulness: Serves a purpose; responds to perceived need; solves identified problem/s
4 Factor Model Fluency:
Frequency of response; actual total number of responses to a stimulus
Flexibility: Frequency of categories of responses; actual
total number of types of responses Originality:
Statistical infrequency of response for a given individual in a given group at a given time
Elaboration: Development of responses Completion of ideas Integration across ideas “Marketing” ideas/alternatives
Application of Models
Working in your group, do the following: Identify a situation in a curriculum
(content to be taught/learned) in which you could apply these models
Briefly describe the instructional situation: Who, what, when, why, how long, what’s
expected… Plan/state an activity that would
develop each step of the 4 factor model
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
Getting Beyond the Aha!E. P. Torrance & H. T. Safter (1990) What is the “aha”? Moments of “insight” “intuition” “revelation” Moments of “wholeness” or “oneness”
uniting with everything Rational vs Supra-rational view of Creativity Non-linear sequence/-ing of creative events
The Incubation Model of Teaching
Creative “indicators” beyond the “big 4” factors: 13 additional “qualities” Highlighting the essence (abstract titles) Keeping open (resist premature closure) Emotional awareness Putting ideas into context Combining & synthesizing Visualize richly, colorfully Using fantasy Using movement & sound Unusual visual perspective/s Internal visualizations Extending/breaking through boundaries Using humor Getting glimpses of infinity
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
3 Additional Issues Problem-finding
Pervasive impediment: Assuming the problem is known, therefore, focus on finding the solution
Producing Alternatives At all levels of problem-solving, increased
fluency supports the processes; the more alternatives, the greater the probability of creative solution/s
Originality: Acceptance of being “different” Adequate time Play with ambiguity/uncertainty Heightened awareness of importance Make legitimate
The Incubation Model:Information Processing Strategies for Creative
Teaching & Learning Stage 1: Heightening
Anticipation Stage 2: Deepening Expectations Stage 3: Keeping it Going
The Incubation Model:Creative Teaching &
Learning Stage 1: Heightening Anticipation
(see p.9) Create desire to know Heighten anticipation/expectation Get attention Arouse curiosity Tickle imagination Give purpose/meaning
The Incubation Model:Creative Teaching & Learning
Stage 2: Deepening Expectations (see p.10) Digging deeper Looking twice Listening for smells Crossing out mistakes Cutting holes so see through Cutting corners Getting in deep water Getting out of locked doors
The Incubation Model:Creative Teaching &
Learning Stage 3: Keeping it Going (see pp.11-
12) Having a ball Singing in one’s own key Building sand castles Plugging in the sun Shaking hands with tomorrow
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Highlighting the essence Retaining sense of importance Staying focused Discriminate relevant from irrelevant
information
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Elaboration Add details Develop a plan Implement/sell a solution
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Keep Open Resistance to premature closure Need for & use of time Practice with ideas in variety of
circumstances w/o time constraints
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities Emotional Awareness
Acknowledge role/significance of affective experience/s
Adds to, not replaces, rational-cognitive experience/s
Personal insight/s
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities Putting Ideas into Context
Meaningful synthesis of ideas & experiences
Personal, individual Abstract analysis/synthesis:
Part-part relationships Part-whole relationships Generalizations across concepts
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities Combine & Synthesize
Combine types & modes of information acquisition, processing & retrieval
“Brain laterality”: Right- vs Left-brained
Visualize Richly & Colorfully Alternative perceptions
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Using Fantasy Future possibilities Varying point-of-view Feeling comfortable with the “unknown” Unconstrained by “reality”
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Using Movement & Sound Experience via multiple modalities
deepens concept learning Kinesthetic & auditory experiences:
Natural modalities for children (& experienced adults)
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Unusual Visual Perspectives Ability to “see in different ways” heightens
experiences of innovation & inventiveness
Internal Visualizations “Seeing the insides” of objects, events,
people, experiences can lead to new, deeper insights; seeing “multiple perspectives”
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities Extending/breaking through Boundaries
Confronting the “what’s given” limitation/bias
Recognizing that new possibilities always exist
Acknowledging the potential for & ambiguity of the “incomplete” idea, object, etc, & continuing problem-solving work
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Using & Enjoying Humor Integrates or synthesizes physiological,
psychological & social processes Accepting/understanding perceptual,
conceptual incongruities Recognizing unusual, unexpected
combinations, surprises
The Incubation Model of Teaching:
13 Qualities
Glimpses of Infinity Open-ended environment Positive focus on the future Actively engaging one’s self as part of
perceived future for ideas to transcend the present
Developing anticipation for an open-ended, multi-possibility future
The Incubation Model of Teaching
Creative “indicators” beyond the “big 4” factors: 13 additional “qualities” Highlighting the essence (abstract titles) Keeping open (resist premature closure) Emotional awareness Putting ideas into context Combining & synthesizing Visualize richly, colorfully Using fantasy Using movement & sound Unusual visual perspective/s Internal visualizations Extending/breaking through boundaries Using humor Getting glimpses of infinity