Criminal Hotspot Across the Country: India
Ms. Janki M. Adhvaryu (M.tech Geomatics Student)
Mr. Mayank Singh Sakla (M.tech Geomatics Student)
Dr.Anjana Vyas (Professor & Program Coordinator)
Faculty of Technology ,CEPT University, INDIA
Session Title: GIS for Crime Analysis
Animated.com
Aim and Objectives
• Aim:
To spread the attentiveness about the crime occurring in the Indian state and to facilitate the security strategy for the major affecting regions using geospatial technology.
• Objectives
To analyze the trends of the types of the crime which affects the most in the different zones of the Indian states.
Analyzing ten years crime hotspot
Building a horizontal relationship between the different departments working for this crime affected issues.
To use the spatial statistics methods to finding out the relationships
Introduction
• Crime is increasing day-by-day all over India
• The main characterization for crime analysis is –” to assist the police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention and evaluation”.
• Different types of crime focused
Murder
Dowry
kidnapping
Rape
Theft Riots
Dacoity
Data usedData SourceCrime data Official government website www.data.gov.in
India shape file – Boundary, Road, Railway network www.diva-gis.org
Population data Census of India
• In India, Police is a critical component of civil administration. There has been an enormous increase in crime in the recent past. India is a vast country with more than one billion populations, and has a police force of 1.5 million.
• The cops in their role to catch criminals are required to remain convincingly ahead in the eternal race between law breakers and law enforcers. One of the key concerns of the law enforcers is how to enhance investigative effectiveness of the police.
• There is an urgent need to analyse the increasing number of crimes as approximately 17 lakhs Indian Penal Code (IPC) crime, and 38 lakhs local and Special Law crimes per year.
• The police should use the current technologies to give themselves the much-needed edge.
• Need of the crime analysis as it is the systematic study of crime and disorder problems as well as other police-related issues-including sociodemographic, spatial and temporal factors-to assist the police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation.
• Usage of the Information Technology and mainly the GIS is very much necessary.
Background
Methodology
Dat
a co
llect
ion
Location wise crime data
Visu
aliz
ing
and
anal
ysis
Linking Spatial data to non spatial
Rel
atin
g ce
nsus
and
cr
ime
Hot
spo
t ana
lysi
s
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
Con
clus
ion
and
reco
mm
enda
tion
Methodology is adopted in such a way that result should come in flow of optimum and quick way
Major outcome as Strategy and Recommendation to governing body
Study Area
Indian states covering 29 states and 7 union territory
Zone Wise Spatial Representation
• Six major zone• Designed according to flexibility in
data handling
For example Map showing zone III
Analysis
Focus Scale wise analysis
Hence
zonal wise analysis
MAP SHOWING CRIME RATE
In these as shown theft is caused more then other crimes
POPULATION DENSITY V/S CRIME
Pie-chart showing different crimes1 single dot represents “50 people”.
Analysis
MAP SHOWING LITERACYRATE V/S CRIME Understanding the side effects of
un employment .
CRIME IN RELATION TO UNEMPLOYED POPULATION
Analysis
Other zone analysis
COMPARISION OF CRIMES FOR THE YEAR 2001 AND 2012(DISTRICT LEVEL)
Analysis
• It can be concluded that in year 2001 the number of thefts was highest, and in the year 2012 it did not decrease that much.
• It can be seen that there was an increase in assault in 2012 as compared to 2001.• Rape ,kidnapping & abduction also increased.
North-eastern region is mostly, tourism based. Moretourist, risk of theft is more.Theft normally occurs in narrow road where its easy tocommit the crime. Here we can see, primary road isthe most feasible place.
Road & theft Railway & Kidnapping
A kidnapper needs a transport system, to cover up his deeds and to migrate as soon as possible. Best way is the railway. And here we can see, most of the abduction has happened near these
lines.
Analysis
Workforce & Crime
Analysis
Analysis
• Murder • Rape
• Kidnapping
Zone V
Hot spot analysis
• Over India• From 2005 to 2015 (11 Years)
• Focusing state wise crime• Eight category of Crime Case
• Spatial clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots)
• Output Feature Class with a z-score, p-value, and confidence level bin (Gi_Bin).
Spatial statistics
Hot Spot Analysis
Murder Madhya Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh – Hot and east region as cold
Theft Maharashtra, UP, MP as hot
while east region as cold
Murder
Theft
Hot Spot Analysis
Dacoity
IPC crime
Dowery
Riots
Rapekidnapping
Conclusion and recommendation
• GIS could be effectively and extensively used for crime analysis, and visualrepresentation of data always gives better understanding.
• From this study we could find the zones, states and even districts with higher orlower crime occurrence.
• The study would help the local and national bodies with higher crimeoccurrence to refer to the policies adopted by the lower crime occurrence area.
• Space with reference to Time and Crime could be brought into picture with suchanalysis.
• Many more parameters such as livelihood, per capita income, literacy rate, malefemale ratio etc.. Could be related in similar studies for better understanding ofthe situation and acquiring apt strategy.
• This analysis could be uploaded in web so that awareness could be createdamong the public.
References
• Census of India Govt. of India, Ministry ofHome Affairs, http://censusindia.gov.in/
• Crime data- data.gov.in• Spatial data-http://www.diva-gis.org/
Acknowledgement
We authors would like to acknowledge all the staff members of CEPT University,INDIA who have helped timely.
Thank you for your kind Attention