Criminal Justice Today Twelfth Edition CHAPTER Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the...

Criminal Justice TodayCriminal Justice TodayTwelfth EditionTwelfth Edition

CHAPTER

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger

Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

Prison and Jails

13



Chapter AgendaChapter Agenda

• Describe the history of punishment, concluding with its impact on the modern philosophy of corrections

• List major milestones in the historical development of prisons

• Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons



Chapter AgendaChapter Agenda

• Summarize the role jails currently play in American corrections and issues jail administrators face

• Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons



Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective

Describe the history of punishment, concluding with its

impact on the modern philosophy of corrections



History of PunishmentHistory of Punishment

• Lex talionis• Flogging• Mutilation/amputation• Branding• Public humiliation• Exile• Workhouses




List major milestones in the historical development of prisons



Prisons and JailsPrisons and Jails

• Humanitarian alternative to corporal punishment

• Earliest records of a prison are dated back to the middle ages

• Incarceration became a primary form of sentence for the poor

• Dr. Benjamin Rush, 1787



History of Prisons and JailsHistory of Prisons and Jails

• The Pennsylvania System, 1790• The Auburn System, 1819• The Reformatory Movement, 1877 • Industrial Era, 1890–1935• Punitive Era, 1935-1945• Treatment Era, 1945-1967• Community-based Treatment Era, 1967-

1980• Warehousing Era, 1980-1995




Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons



The State Prison SystemThe State Prison System

• Classification system A system used by prison administrators to

assign inmates to custody levels based on offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape, and other factors

• Supermax security level• Maximum security level • Medium security level • Minimum security level



The Federal Prison SystemThe Federal Prison System

• Federal Bureau of Prisons Over 80 different types of federal

correctional facilities Ranging from supermax prisons to

minimum security prison farms




Summarize the role jails currently play in American corrections and issues jail

administrators face



The Just Desserts Era, 1995 - The Just Desserts Era, 1995 - PresentPresent

• A contemporary model of imprisonment in which the “just desserts” principle forms the underlying social philosophy A return to punishment as the root

purpose of imprisonment Imprisonment seen as fully deserved

consequence of crime An emphasis on individual responsibility A focus on limiting inmate privileges and

increase the pains of imprisonment



State PrisonsState Prisons

• One out of every four state institutions is a large, maximum security prison with a population approaching 1,000 inmates

• Profile of prisoners Low level of formal education Socially disadvantaged background. Lack of significant vocational skill. Most have served time in a juvenile

facility



Current Uses for JailsCurrent Uses for Jails

• Receive individuals pending arraignment and those awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing

• Detain juveniles, mentally ill, and others pending transfer

• Release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of their sentence



Current Uses for JailsCurrent Uses for Jails

• Transfer inmates to, or house inmates for, federal, state, or other authorities

• Operate community-based programs with day reporting, home detention, electronic monitoring, or other types of supervision

• Readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators and absconders



JailsJails

• There are 3,365 jails operating in U.S. • Approximately 207,000 jail employees• Average cost is $15,000 per year/ per

inmate• Most jails are designed to house 50 or

fewer inmates• 6% of the jails hold over 50% of the

prisoners



JailsJails

• Los Angeles County jail is the largest jail in the U.S 2008 daily average population 22,349

inmates(87% capacity)

• New York City jail is second largest 2008 daily average population of 19,554

inmates(71% capacity)

• Los Angeles & New York City together held 5.33% of all jail inmates in 2008



Issues in Prisons TodayIssues in Prisons Today

• Pregnancy• Drug abuse• Overcrowding• Education level of inmates• Mental health issues




Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons



Private PrisonsPrivate Prisons

• Privatization• Prisons operated for state and federal

government by private enterprise for profit

• Numerous issues

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