1. APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORTo CriminologyHeather Palmitier

2. CRIMINOLOGY ISthe study of why crimes are committed. 3. CRIMINOLOGY ENCOMPASSES: Those who commit crime Those who do not commit crime Those who enforce crime 4. HOWEVER,Committing crime is a behavior,Avoiding aversive conditions is a behavior, andEnforcing the law is a behaviorso lets analyze that behavior. 5. BehaviorA MUSCLE, GLANDULAR, OR NEURO-ELECTRICALACTIVITY 6. THERE ARE TWO MAIN REASONS PEOPLECOMMIT CRIME 7. THEY WANT TO COMMIT CRIMEIn criminology, this is referred to as the Rational Choice theory. A person chooses to commit crime. 8. THEY FEEL THEY HAVE TO COMMIT CRIME In criminology, this is explained by Learning Theory, Strain Theory, orLabeling Theory. A person feels that theyeither must commit the crime, or that crime is inevitable. 9. RATIONAL CHOICE THEORYAKAA simple reinforcement contingency 10. Reinforcement ContingencyTHE RESPONSE-CONTINGENT PRESENTATION OF AREINFORCER RESULTING IN AN INCREASEDFREQUENCY OF THAT RESPONSE 11. REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY Criminal CrimeNo Crime CommitsStimuli Stimuli A Crime 12. CONCURRENT CONTINGENCIESThis includes anything that the criminal receives directly from committing the crime. 13. Concurrent ContingenciesMORE THAN ONE CONTINGENCY OFREINFORCEMENT OR PUNISHMENT IS AVAILABLEAT THE SAME TIME 14. REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY CriminalNo Robs a $1,000$1,000Bank 15. SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYA person commits a crime because theysee their role models commit crime.AKA IMITATION! 16. ImitationTHE FORM OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE IMITATOR ISCONTROLLED BY SIMILAR BEHAVIOR OF THEMODEL 17. REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY Imitates No Models ImitativeImitative Behavior Reinforcers Reinforcers(crime) 18. WHY SOME PEOPLE DO NOT COMMIT CRIMEWhy do some people not break the law? Because the law is a RULE thatGOVERNS our BEHAVIOR! 19. Rule-Governed BehaviorBEHAVIOR UNDER THE CONTROL OF A RULE 20. ANALOG TO AVOIDANCE CONTINGENCYI will beI will notI followgiven abe giventhe speedticketa ticketlimitsoon soon 21. Avoidance ContingencyRESPONSE-CONTINGENT PREVENTION OF ANAVERSIVE CONDITION RESULTING IN ANINCREASED FREQUENCY OF THAT RESPONSE 22. Decreasing the Frequency of Crime PUNISHMENT FOR CRIMEA person convicted of committing a crime may be punished by theapplication of an aversive condition after a delay. 23. Punishment ContingencyRESPONSE-CONTINGENT PRESENTATION OF ANAVERSIVE CONDITION (NEGATIVE REINFORCER)RESULTING IN A DECREASED FREQUENCY OF THATRESPONSE 24. ANALOG TO A PUNISHMENT CONTINGENCYWill notWill have have aversiveCommits aversive conditiona crime conditionafterafter delay delay 25. Decreasing the Frequency of Crime PENALTY FOR CRIME A person may also/instead be charged with a penalty for committing a crime. 26. ANALOG TO A PENALTY CONTINGENCYWill not Will loseloseCommits reinforcer reinforcera crimeafterafterdelay delay 27. ENFORCING CRIMEThe people in charge of catching thecriminals are also under rule control. They operate under pay forperformance. 28. Pay for PerformancePAY IS CONTINGENT ON SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS 29. ANALOG TO AVOIDANCE OF THE LOSS OF AREINFORCERWill loseWill not opp. forOfficer lose opp.large catches for largepaycheckcriminal paycheckon Fridayon Friday 30. CONCLUSIONCriminology involves many behaviorsand can therefore be analyzed using behavior analysis. 31. Music Provided By:FIONA APPLE~ CRIMINAL