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Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
IT for Management
CHAPTER-6
Determining Information Need
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Critical Success Factor(Overview) CSF analysis isbull A method developed at MITrsquos Sloan school by John
Rockart to guide businesses in creating and measuring success
bull Widely used for technology and architectural planning in enterprise IT
bull A top-down methodology that is especially suitable for designing systems as opposed to applications
bull A reductionist method for going from an abstract vision to concrete requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull A key area where satisfactory performance is
required for the organization to achieve its goalsbull A means of identifying the tasks and
requirements needed for successbull At the lowest level CSFs become concrete
requirements bull A means to prioritize requirements
ConthellipWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest level of
decomposition (a single implementable idea)bull Along the way identify the problems being solved
and the assumptions being madebull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with
requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest
level of decomposition (a single implementable idea)
bull Along the way identify the problems being solved and the assumptions being made
bull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is analysisAnalysis is process of successively decomposing a system into its constituent subsystemResults of the Analysisbull Mission statementbull Hierarchy of goals and CSFsbull Lists of requirements problems and assumptionsbull Analysis matrices1048723Problems vs Requirements matrixbull Usage scenarios vs Requirements matrixbull Solid usage scenarios
Conthellip We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Critical Success Factor(Overview) CSF analysis isbull A method developed at MITrsquos Sloan school by John
Rockart to guide businesses in creating and measuring success
bull Widely used for technology and architectural planning in enterprise IT
bull A top-down methodology that is especially suitable for designing systems as opposed to applications
bull A reductionist method for going from an abstract vision to concrete requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull A key area where satisfactory performance is
required for the organization to achieve its goalsbull A means of identifying the tasks and
requirements needed for successbull At the lowest level CSFs become concrete
requirements bull A means to prioritize requirements
ConthellipWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest level of
decomposition (a single implementable idea)bull Along the way identify the problems being solved
and the assumptions being madebull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with
requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest
level of decomposition (a single implementable idea)
bull Along the way identify the problems being solved and the assumptions being made
bull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is analysisAnalysis is process of successively decomposing a system into its constituent subsystemResults of the Analysisbull Mission statementbull Hierarchy of goals and CSFsbull Lists of requirements problems and assumptionsbull Analysis matrices1048723Problems vs Requirements matrixbull Usage scenarios vs Requirements matrixbull Solid usage scenarios
Conthellip We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull A key area where satisfactory performance is
required for the organization to achieve its goalsbull A means of identifying the tasks and
requirements needed for successbull At the lowest level CSFs become concrete
requirements bull A means to prioritize requirements
ConthellipWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest level of
decomposition (a single implementable idea)bull Along the way identify the problems being solved
and the assumptions being madebull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with
requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest
level of decomposition (a single implementable idea)
bull Along the way identify the problems being solved and the assumptions being made
bull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is analysisAnalysis is process of successively decomposing a system into its constituent subsystemResults of the Analysisbull Mission statementbull Hierarchy of goals and CSFsbull Lists of requirements problems and assumptionsbull Analysis matrices1048723Problems vs Requirements matrixbull Usage scenarios vs Requirements matrixbull Solid usage scenarios
Conthellip We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is Critical Success Factorbull Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest level of
decomposition (a single implementable idea)bull Along the way identify the problems being solved
and the assumptions being madebull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with
requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest
level of decomposition (a single implementable idea)
bull Along the way identify the problems being solved and the assumptions being made
bull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is analysisAnalysis is process of successively decomposing a system into its constituent subsystemResults of the Analysisbull Mission statementbull Hierarchy of goals and CSFsbull Lists of requirements problems and assumptionsbull Analysis matrices1048723Problems vs Requirements matrixbull Usage scenarios vs Requirements matrixbull Solid usage scenarios
Conthellip We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Start with a vision mission statementbull Develop 5-6 high level goalsbull Develop hierarchy of goals and their success factorsbull Leads to concrete requirements at the lowest
level of decomposition (a single implementable idea)
bull Along the way identify the problems being solved and the assumptions being made
bull Cross-reference usage scenarios and problems with requirements Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is analysisAnalysis is process of successively decomposing a system into its constituent subsystemResults of the Analysisbull Mission statementbull Hierarchy of goals and CSFsbull Lists of requirements problems and assumptionsbull Analysis matrices1048723Problems vs Requirements matrixbull Usage scenarios vs Requirements matrixbull Solid usage scenarios
Conthellip We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
What is analysisAnalysis is process of successively decomposing a system into its constituent subsystemResults of the Analysisbull Mission statementbull Hierarchy of goals and CSFsbull Lists of requirements problems and assumptionsbull Analysis matrices1048723Problems vs Requirements matrixbull Usage scenarios vs Requirements matrixbull Solid usage scenarios
Conthellip We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Three prominent methods of analysis of information system are
bull Data flow methodbull Decision Analysisbull Object Analysis
System studyThe system study is a formal process of gathering every thing relevant from standpoint of gathering clarity about the purpose amp functioning of a system
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System study can be conducted by gathering followingThe user requirement document which outlines the basic scope purposeAny audit reports which can throw light on short comings on present systemTracing the workflow involves walking through the system to understand how the physical work or service is being delivered amp how the associated information flow is happeningOne to one interview could be part of same experience for tracking workflow hellipCont
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Interviews have to be however to be planned well getting time from busy executivesbull Structured Questionnaires Usually in the context of ERP systems and other products organization builds standard checklist bull Inspecting Transaction document and other reports browsing through an entire years transaction document such as invoices purchase orders amp relevant documents provide a good insight into what could happen at an operational level Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
bull Many a times mangers amp department heads tend to describe a system from there past experience amp as such they may not be aware of the details of operational aspects of the system
bull It could also happen that even operational staff may be new amp there description may be inaccurate
bull It could so happen that the person concerned may tend to describe situations which are far from near past amp therefore tend to forget some significant situations which may have happened in past but may occur any time in the future Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
It is therefore always better to insist on a formal review of old transactions documents and reports This would give insight on followingbull The purpose of documentbull Transaction volume amp frequencybull Content of documentbull Codificationbull Redundant data elementsbull Matching of output to inputbull Redundancybull Study of decision processesbull Modelingprototypingbull Business events and business use cases Conthellip
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Documenting the facts gathering thru the system studyMany a times an analyst may have done a great job in collecting large amount of data about systembull Some tools used for documenting data are
Flow ChartsGrid chartsAnalysis of QuestionnairesDecision TreesTableData flow diagram(DFD)
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputsbull Each process has a input (ie dataflow) amp a output
(dataflow)bull The process transforms from input to output bull The input may come from another process a store of
data or from external entitybull The output could go to another process to an
external entity or get stored in a data storeWe Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)Symbols used are very simple amp illustrated below
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
The System Requirement Specification(SRS)A more formal document covering all the above along with a description of the overall purpose of the system and functionality expected the Technology considerations the acceptance criteria is usually prepared Such document is called System Requirement Specification (SRS)There is IEEE standard for preparing SRS documentIt provides template outlining the various aspect of a system The SRS is reviewed jointly with the user
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum
Welingkarrsquos Distance Learning Division
Determining Information Need
End of Chapter 6
We Learn ndash A Continuous Learning Forum