Vegetable & other crops

Crop ProductsIstorya ni diospyros c. fuentes

Root Crops or Tubers

Sweet Potato or Kamote(Ipomea batatas poi)

• belongs to morning glory family.

• Both roots and leaves can be used as foods.

• Grows in any type of soil, preferably in fertile sandy loamy and well-drained soil

• Planting time should coincide with rainy season and harvesting time should be during the dry season.

Cassava or Kamoteng Kahoy (Manihot ulitisima poi)

Contains 30% starchthe bark may also contain hydro cyanic acid which is highly toxic. It is advisable to remove the bark of cassava completely before cooking.

• Grows in most type of soils provided it is not water logged.

• Harvesting may be done in about 8 to 14 months depending to variety.

Puto Lanson

Cassava Cake

Yam or ube/ubi

• A good variety of ube must have much yield and the roots must be smooth and with deep violet or purple color.

• Ubi thrives best in-well drained loamy soil rich in organic matter.

• The germinated root is used as planting material in the months of April and May and is ready for harvest after 8 to 10 months, as indicated by shedding of leaves.

• No serious pest attacks ubi and tugue.

Ube Cake

Jicama (Singkamas)

• Usually eaten raw and are propagated by seed in ridged plots of sandy loam soil.

• The soil should be thoroughly prepared 15 to 20 cm deep before planting.

• This plant can be harvested 3-5 months after planting.

Irish Potato or Patatas(Solanum tuberoom)

• It is cooked in many ways and sold commercially as potato chips and French fries.

• Requires a cool climate and grows best in loam soil with irrigation.

• Seed potatoes are used for planting which is usually done at the beginning of the dry seasons.

CEREAL PRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice is the staple food of Filipinos.

• It can be grown in upland and lowland in both tropical and semi-tropical climate.

• Lowland rice requires full irrigation (the plant is submerged in water) and clay soil. Upland rice is adapted to drier loam soil.

• Seeds must be selected among high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties.

• Certified seeds are pure seeds with satisfactory performance in terms of yields and disease resistance.

Corn (Zea mays Linn.) or maize

• a commercial crop grown for human as well as livestock feed.

• There are different varieties of corn: flint group, soft corn, and dent corn.

• Seeds for planting must be selected from good-yielding and disease resistant varieties.

• The best soil for corn is a deep fertile loam containing plenty of organic matter.

• Corn can be planted during the wet or dry season and harvested after 100 to 115 days.

• Commercial fertilizer (ammonium phosphate is used to enrich the soil.

LEGUMES

Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea)

• a It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm (1.0 to 1.6 ft) tall.

• Peanuts grow best in light, sandy loam soil. They require five months of warm weather, and an annual rainfall of 500 to 1,000 mm (20 to 39 in) or the equivalent in irrigation water.

Peanut butter

Mung Beans or Monggo (Vigna radiata)

• Cultivated mostly for its seeds which are used for food.

• High percentage of Vit.B12 and anti-beri-beri factor

• Colors: Yellow, green and black• Requires clay loam soil with abundant organic

matter.• Harvested at the age of 2 to 3 months.

Soybean

soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many prepackaged meals

• soy vegetable oil is another product of processing the soybean crop. For example, soybean products such as textured vegetable protein (TVP) are ingredients in many meat and dairy analogues.

Soybeans produce significantly more protein per acre than most other uses of land.

Vegetable crops

Pechay (Brassica rapa L. cv group Pak Choi)

• is an erect, biennial herb, cultivated as an annual about 15-30 cm tall in vegetative stage.

• Ovate leaves are arranged spirally and spreading. The petioles are enlarged and grow upright forming a subcylindrical bundle

• Pechay can either be sown directly in soil or transplanted. Direct seeding is carried out by broadcasting or by sowing in rows.

onion (Allium cepa)

• which is also known as the bulb onion, common onion is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.

• Onions are often chopped and used as an ingredient in various hearty warm dishes, and may also used as a main ingredient

• onions are sliced or eaten, cells are broken, allowing enzymes called alliinases to break down amino acid sulfoxides and generate sulfenic acids. A specific sulfenic acid, 1-propenesulfenic acid, formed when onions are cut, is rapidly rearranged by a second enzyme, called the lachrymatory factor synthase or LFS, giving syn-propanethial-S-oxide, a volatile gas known as the onion lachrymatory factor or LF.[30] The LF gas diffuses through the air and eventually reaches the eye, where it activates sensory neurons, creating a stinging sensation. Tear glands produce tears to dilute and flush out the irritant.[31] Chemicals that exhibit such an effect on the eyes are known as lachrymatory agents.

• Onions are a cool-weather plant; hot temperatures cause them to "bolt" (meaning that the stem quickly grows and begins flowering). Since they take up to 120 days to maturity, seeds will often have to be started indoors. The seedlings or bulbs are planted outside as soon as the soil is workable (ie. not frozen or soggy) and harvested in early summer.

Onion Rings

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

• Ginger or ginger root is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale, consumed as a delicacy, medicine, or spice. It lends its name to its genus and family (Zingiberaceae).

Squash(Cucurbita maxima Duch.)

• Rich in vitamin A.• Cocozelle, White

Bush, or Patty Pan squash and early crook neck are varieties of squash and produce fruit from 45 to 60 days

Ampalaya or Bitter Melon(Momordica charantia)

• Rich in Iron• A vine plant• Two varieties; White &

Green• Can be planted anytime

of the year, and it thrives best on a clay-loam soil.

• Cutworms and stink bugs are the two chief enemies of Ampalaya fruit.

• Leaves and Tops of Ampalaya are eaten

Fruit Production

Banana(Musa Linn.)

The “Fruit queen of the Philippines”

• Grows from 2 ½ to 9 m tall and looks like a tree but it is not a tree at all

• A single flower emerges and develops into banana fruit when the plant is from 8 to 15 months old.

• Most banana produce 6 to 15 hands, each containing 12 to 21 fingers

• Rich in carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamins A and C.

Giant Cavendish & Dwarf Cavendish

Saba Latundan

Lacatan Bongolan

Jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophylla. Lmk.)

• About 12 m tall and has the reputation of bearing the largest fruit in the world.

• Weights from about 20 to 30 kg.

• Propagation by seed.

• Bears fruit in seven to eight months.

Pineapple(Ananas comosus [Linn.] Merr.)

• Rich in Vitamin A, B & C.

• A tropical herbaceous perennial of the family bromeliaceae

• Leaves are used in making fabrics.• Pineapples are ready for harvest five to six

months after the flowers appear.

Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.)

• The national fruit of the Philippines.• Grows from 12 to 15 m tall.

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