CROPS

PRESENTED BY UTKARSH VERMA

IX C 38

RABI ZAID

KHARIF

MAJOR CROPING SEASONS

Cereals Pulses Oil seeds Beverages

MAJOR CROPS

CEREALS

WHEAT

MAIZE

RICE BARLEY

MILLET

WHEAT Second most important cereal crop in India

Wheat : Rabi crop

Favorable Conditions : cool growing season, bright sunshine at the time of ripening, 50-75 cm annual rainfall

Main food crop (in India) : in north-western part

Mainly grown (in India) : The Ganga – Satluj plain, black soil region of Deccan, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and

parts of Madhya Pradesh.

Scientific Name :Triticum

MAIZE Used as food and fodder

Maize : Kharif Crop

In some states it is also grown in Rabi season like in Bihar

Favorable Conditions : temperature between 21 degree – 27 degree Celsius, grows well in old alluvial soil

Mainly grown in (India) : Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

Scientific Name : Zea Mays

RICE Staple food in India

India:2nd largest producer of rice in the world

Rice : Kharif crop

Favorable conditions : High temperature( above 25 degree Celsius) , high humidity ,(annual rainfall- above 100 cm).

Mainly grown in : eastern UP, Bihar, West Bengal etc.

Scientific name of Asian rice- Oryza Sativa

MILLETSRAGI•Rich in iron, roughage, calcium and other micro nutrients•Favorable Conditions : Crop of dry regions, grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils•Mainly grown in (India) : Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand etc.

JOWAR•Third most food crop with respect to area and production• Favorable Conditions : Rain-fed crop, mainly grown in moist areas•Mainly Grown in : Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh

BAJRA•Favorable Conditions : grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soils•Mainly grown in : Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana

Scientific Name of common Millet : Panicum Miliaceum

BARLEY4th largest grain crop after wheat, rice and corn

Grown as a summer crop in temperate areas and winter crop in tropical areas

Germination time : 1-3 days

Favorable Conditions : likes to grow under cool conditions

Scientific Name of Two-rowed Barley : Hordeum Distichon

PULSES

Pea Pigeon Pea Lentil Soyabean Black Gram

PEA Life cycle : 1 year

Grown as a cool seasonal vegetable crop

Favorable Conditions : Temperature between 13-18 degree Celsius, grows well in cooler high altitude tropical areas and on slightly acidic drained soil

Mainly grown in : Europe

Diseases [Fungal] : Alternaria alternata

Scientific Name : Pisum Sativum

PIGEON PEA Essential food in west Africa and Nigeria

Important source of protein in India

Widely cultivated in all tropical and semi tropical regions

Favorable Conditions : drought resistant, annual rainfall less than 650mm

Mainly grown in India : 82% (of total pigeon pea grown in the world)

Scientific Name : Cajanus Cajan

Pathogens : Phytophthora Cajani

LENTIL Widely cultivated in temperate regions

Known for their high protein content and

good vegetable source of iron

Used as fodder

Mainly grown in : Canada, India, Nepal, United States

Scientific Name : Lens culinaries

SOYABEAN An oil seed also (contain 19% oil)

Source of protein for animal feeds

Favorable Conditions : mainly grown in hot

summers, optimum growth in moist alluvial soil

and mean temperature 20-30 degree Celsius

Mainly Grown in : United States, Brazil, Argentina,

China and India

Scientific Name : Glycine Max

BLACK GRAM Mainly used to make dal

Originated in India

Mainly grown in India

Very nutritious and is recommended for diabetics

Used in traditional Indian medicine

Scientific Name : Vigna Mungo

OIL SEEDS

MUSTARD

COCONUT

SUNFLOWER

SOYABEAN

OLIVE

MUSTARD Rich in oil (46%-48%) and protein (43.6%)

Mature mustard plants grow in shrubs

Take 3-10 days to germinate

Favorable Conditions : grows well in temperate regions, cold atmosphere and moist soil

Mainly grown in : Canada (90%), Hungary, Great Britain, India, Pakistan etc.

Scientific Name of black mustard : Brassica Nigra

COCONUT Scientific Name : Cocos Nucifera

Favorable Conditions : Coconut palm thrives on sandy soil, prefer areas with abundant sunlight, regular rainfall (150-250 cm annually), low humidity, temperature (regularly above 25 degree Celsius)

Mainly grown in : Philippines, Indonesia, India, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Mexico, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Tanzania

In India : Kerela, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Maharashtra

SUNFLOWER Sunflower Oil is used for cooking, carrier oil and to produce margarine and biodiesel

Its stem bends towards the sun.

Favorable Conditions : need full sun, fertile, moist and well drained soil with heavy mulch

Scientific Name : Helianthus annuus

Mainly grown in : Europe, Canada, Russia, India, South Africa, Eastern Australia

OLIVE Olive tree is an evergreen tree

It is drought, disease and fire resistant

Olive leaves are used as medicinal teas

Favorable Conditions : Coastal climate conditions, light soil, clay soil if well drained, hot weather

Mainly grown in : Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Tunisia, Egypt