1

Cropping Pattern Identification of Sabarkantha District of Gujarat State using

GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Geomatics Semester –II

Prepared at

ISO 9001:2008 ISO 27001:2005

Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications & Geo-informatics

Govt. of Gujarat, Science & Technology

Gandhinagar

1

Prepared By

Shaikh Hafiza Solanki Jayshri

MG2609 MG2709

Guided By: External Guide:

Dr.Mahesh Chodvadiya Mr. Vijay Singh

Senior Project Scientist Project Manager

BISAG, Gandhinagar BISAG, Gandhinagar

CEPT University

Faculty of Geomatics and Space Application,

Navrangpura,

Ahmedabad.

1

Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics

Department of Science & Technology

Government of Gujarat

Phone: 079 - 23213090/23213081/23213082 Fax: 23213091

E-mail: info@bisag.gujarat.gov.in, website: www.bisag.gujarat.gov.in

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report compiled by Shaikh Hafiza S , Solanki Jayshree I students of 2nd Semester GIS & Space

Application from CEPT University, have completed their final semester project satisfactorily. To the best of our knowledge this is an original

and bonafide work done by them. They have worked on “Cropping Pattern Identification of Sabarkantha District of Gujarat State using GIS

and Remote Sensing techniques, starting from May 15th, 2010 to July 15th, 2010.

During their tenure at this Institute, they were found to be sincere and meticulous in their work. We appreciate their enthusiasm &

dedication towards the work assigned to them.

We wish them every success.

ISO 9001:2008 ISO 27001:2005

Dr. MheshProject Scientist, BISAG, Gandhinagar

Date:

T.P.Singh

Director,BISAG, Gandhinagar

Date:

1

Contain:-

About BISAG1.0 Objective.2.0 Study Area

2.1 Location and Extent2.2 River and Drainage2.3 Climate

3.0 Data used:-3.1 Spatial Data

4.1.1. Collateral Data 4.1.2. Remote Sensing Data

4.0 Methodology4.1 Acquiring raw data4.2 Geo-rectification4.3 Mosaicking4.4 Subsetting of image

5.0 Satellite image interpretation5.1 Classification

5.1.1 Supervised Classification

RESULT6.0 Cropping pattern

1

6.1Crops and Growing Season 6.2 Cropping Pattern Map

6.1.1 Kharif Cropping Pattern6.1.2 Rabi Cropping Pattern

CONCLUSION

1.0 About BISAG:-

1. ABOUT BISAGThe applications of space technologies and geo-informatics contribute significantly towards socio-

economic development of the society. Recognizing the importance and need of Space

technology and geo-informatics for developmental planning purposes, the Government of

Gujarat established the Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics

(BISAG) in the year 1997, as the State nodal agency to utilize space technology and geo-

informatics for various developmental activities of the State.

Since its foundation, the Institute has experienced extensive growth in the spheres of space technology and geo-informatics. The objective with which BISAG was

established is manifested in the extent of services its renders to almost all departments of the State. Year after year the institute has been endeavoring to increase

its outreach to disseminate the use of geo-informatics up to grassroots level. In this span of eleven years, BISAG has assumed multi-dimensional roles and achieved

several milestones to become an integral part of the development process of the Gujarat State.

2.0 ACTIVITIES OF BISAGBISAG’s activities are multi-fold and have expanded in a big way and focused on the following:

Satellite CommunicationSatellite Communication

Promoting and facilitating the use of satellite broadcasting networks for distant interactive training, education and extensions

1

Remote SensingRemote Sensing

Geo-informatics SystemGeo-informatics System

PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetry

Global Navigation Global Navigation Satellite System Satellite System

Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

Disaster Management Disaster Management

Education, Research and Trainingand Training

Value Added Services

Technology Transfer

Inventory mapping, developmental planning and monitoring of natural and man-made resources

Conceptualizing, creating and organizing multi-purpose common geo-spatial database for sectoral and thematic applications for various users

Creation of Digital Elevation Model, Terrain characteristics, Resource planning,etc.

Location based services, geo-referencing, engineering applications and research

For providing low-cost Decision Support Systems, desktop as well as web-based geo-informatics applications to users for wider usage.

For preparing geo-spatial information to provide necessary inputs to the Government to assess and mitigate extent of damage in the event of a disaster

For providing education, research and training facilities to promote number of end users through the Academy for Geo-informatics.

For providing services which can be customized as per the needs of the users.

Transferring technology to a large number of end users.

1

2.0 Objectives:-

I. Identification of crop for sabarkantha districtII. Seasonal changes of crops during kharif & rabi season

III. To identify prominent crop for different taluka

3.0 Study area:- 3.1. Location & extent:-

The Sabarkantha lies between 24˚ 31˝ N to 23˚ 34˝ N Latitude and 72˚ 44˝ E to 73˚ 39˝ E longitude Sabarkantha Is bounded by Rajasthan state its North , banaskantha and Mahesana its west , Gandhinagar its south-west ,Kheda its south and Panchmahal its south-east districts. The western side of this district is bounded by the river Sabarmati, whereas the Aravalli hills form a natural boundary on the northern and eastern sides.

1

GUJRAT SABARKANTHA

1

Base Map of Sabarkantha District

1

3.2 River & Drainage:- The district at present is Traversed by 7 perennial rivers, the Sabarmati, the Hathmati, the Meshvo, the Mazum , the Vatrak, the Harnav and the Khari.

- The Sabarmati river flows from north to south along the western borders of the district.and other rivers flows from north-east to south-west. The Sabarmati originates in the outliers of the Arvalli. it has a total length of cover 300kms and an extensive catchment area. it originates in the Mevad hills of Rajasthan. it flows in 4 talukas of the district -Khedbrahma ,Idar ,Himmatnagar and Prantij. The rivers Sai, Hathmati , Harnav , Pamni joins the river Sabarmati.

-The Hathmati river rises in the mewad hills of the Rajasthan state. it passes south-west about 56kms. throughout district.

-TheMeshvo river originates in the Mewad hills of Rajasthan. it runs parallel to the river Khari about 202.77 kms. joins the river Vatrak near Kheda.

-The Mazum and the Vatrak rivers are originates in the hills of Dungarpur of the Rajasthan . travelling respectively about 25.75kms south-west , 243kms south.

-The Harnav river rises in the Madwa hills of Rajasthan, it enters district near the village Khokhara in the Vijaynagar taluka. it Passes through rocky and forest area

1

River/Waterbody Map

1

Physical Features:-The Eastern border of the district touching Rajasthan State, in other word the district can be divided in to 2 zones , the hilly region and the plains. The range of Aravali hills covers the northern and eastern part of the district and the south and south-east parts covering plain area.

Landuse Map Slop Map

1

Sabarkantha is Located at north Gujarat. The rainfall varies between 300mm in the North and north-east. The district experiences 3 different season. The hot season lasting from March to June, the Raining season from Mid June to September and the cold season extending from November to February. The highest temperature 40.5˚c and minimum 9.04˚c in the district.

4.0 DATA USED:- 4.1 SPATIAL DATA:- 4.1.1 Callateral Data:-

1 -Administrandrytive Boundries (State,District) at 1:50,000 Scale from Survey of India toposheet2-Network of Roads,Drainage and Canals at 1;50,000 Scale from SOI toposheet Updates using latest Satellite Data from IRS LISS III3-Soil map at 1:50,000 Scale Prepared by National Boureau of Soil Survey and Landuse planning (NBSS and LUP)Modified ,Simplified by BI SAG.These maps were digitized and Spatial database were Prepared in Arcmap using UTM projection system with modified Everest(earth model) referencing.

Road Map of Sabarkantha District Soil Map of Sabarkantha District

1

4.1.2 Remote Sensing Data:-

1

Data from Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-P6 LISS III)was used to Create Spatial database of Cropping System IRS LISS III Data of 23 meter Resolution was used for general landuse /cover datebase and update Spatial information like Communication, Drainage and canal network.

Table.1 Remote Sensing Data Used For the Current Season

Satellite/Sensor Path/Row Date of pass

IRS P6 LISS-III 93/55 27 th October 2009IRS P6 LISS-III 93/56 27 th October 2009IRS P6 LISS-III 94/55 27 th October 2009IRS P6 LISS-III 93/55 31st January 2010 IRS P6 LISS-III 93/56 31st January 2010IRS P6 LISS-III 94/55 31st January 2010

5.0 Methodology:-

5.1 Acquiring Raw data:-

Raw image received to BISAG from NRSA (National Remote Sensing Agency), Hydrabad. Acquiring raw data for geo-referencing Satellite image. Satellite Image is use in Analysis and interpretation. raw image considered to be the master image.

5.2 Geo-rectification:-

1

The Purpose of image rectification is to correct image data for destortion. Master image rectified with UTM (Universal transvers Mercator) projection system modified with Everest datum. Master image was referenced using GCP’s from 1:50,000 scale SURVEY OF INDIA (SOI) toposheet in Erdas Imagine 8.4. with Geomatric correction with polynominal order 1.

6.0 SATELLITE IMAGE INTERPRETATION :-

6.1 Classification:-

Image Classification combines visual analysis of Image data with quantitative techniques to automatically identify the features. in all cases the purpose of Classification process is to categories all pixels in a digital image in to classes or themes. This categories data are used to produce Thematic Maps or Land Cover in an Image. The classification Procedure fall in to 2 major categories

1) Supervised classification 2) Unsupervised classification. We used supervised classification to identification

6.1.1 SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION:-

- 3 Basic steps involved in Supervised Classification.

-Training Stage -Classification Stage -Output Stage

-Training Stage:- The image analyst Identifies trainning areas & develops numerical description of spactral attributes of each Land Cover type.

1

-Classification Stage :- Each pixel in image data is classified in to the class to which is resemble the most. if the pixel doesn't resemble to any class according to algorithm it is classified as unknown.-Output Stage :- After the entire dataset has in categories the results are represented in output stage 3 forms of output are produce

- Thematic Maps- Statistical Tables- Digital data files

- Advantages of Supervised Classification:-

# Identify distinct specral classes which may not be visible to the analyst during trainning Stage.

Rabi supervised Classified image:- Kharif Supervised Classified image:

1

1

RESULT:-

7.0. Cropping Pattern:-

- Kharif Cropping Pattern

- Rabi Cropping Pattern

Kharif Cropping Pattern

Kharif season showed that cotton and castor are the two most important crops.

TABLE 2. CROP DURATION OF KHARIF SEASON

Crops Date Of Sowing Date of Harvesting

Cotton 15th June 15th February

Castor 15th June 15th February

1

Rabi season cropping pattern

Rabi season cropping pattern showed that wheat, mustard, cotton, castor and potatos are growing in rabi season in sabarkantha district.

TABLE 3. CROP DURATION OF RABI SEASON

Conclusion:-

The Agriculture is essential for Longturm sustainmblity and Increase Economical Condition. Sabakantha is Having Good Production Of Cotton, Wheat and Musterd. Earlier Sabakantha hadn’t good irrigation , then the crops are in poor condition but after Dharoi and Check-dams Provied good irrigation facilities which increse s in Production.

Crops Date of Sowing Date of Harvesting

Wheat 15th November 15th March

Mustard 15th September Last week of January

Cotton Kharif Continue 15th February

Castor Kharif Continue 15th February

Potato Onset of October Last week of January

1