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Rheological study of waxy crude oilexample from Cambay basin
reservoir
NAME- Akshaya kumar mishraRoll no-14mpe12
GUIDE-Mr Uttam Bhui
Current Scenario • As production from
conventional oil reserves declines at a rate of about 5% per year, global demand is rising steadily
• In this environment, heavy-parafinic oil is playing an instrumental role in reserve replacement
Complications in heavy crude production
• When the fluid temperature falls below the WAT there is wax deposition in the tubing/piping . Wax deposition will reduce the effective flow area and may lead to complete pipe blockage
• The precipitation of wax components out of the oil is responsible for the changes in waxy crude oil properties, including the gelation of oil and increase in viscosity
• Therefore it is very important to understand the properties and behavior of paraffinic crude so that the design of the facilities can be optimized according to the nature of crude
OBJECTIVE
• The objective of this project is to study rheological properties of waxy crude oils from Cambay basin reservoirs for flow assurance
• Study of crudes in static and dynamic condition at different temperature.
• Study of rheological property of crudes before and after adding different doses of pore point depressant.
• Developing a correlation between above analysis & SARA analysis of crude to form a generalize solution
Instrumentation & analytical Procedure
Physical appearance ,behavior Chemical Composition
Static Conditioning During Cooling
Behavior in Dynamic condition
GCMS , FTIRCross Polar
MicroscopyStudy With Rheometer
CORRELATION OF GATHERED DATA & CONCLUSION
CROSS POLAR MICROSCOPY• Polarizing microscopes are used in the study of thin sections
of minerals and rocks as well as other anisotropic materials (fibers, plastics, etc.).
• Anisotropy is the property of being directionally dependent, as opposed to Isotropy, which implies identical properties in all directions
• This test method consists of determining the wax appearance temperature (WAT, or cloud point) of a crude oil by measuring the temperature at which wax crystals can be seen via microscopy under cross polarized light
• The oil sample is placed between the cross-polarized filters, and any crystalline material present will rotate light allowing the light to pass through the second polarization filter
CROSS-POLARMICROSCOPYBA310Pol
RESULTS
60ºC
45ºC
35ºC
50X
HC1
Oil Temp (F)
Oil Temp (C)
Observation
140 60 No Observation131 55 No Observation122 50 No Observation113 45 No Observation104 40 No Observation96.8 36 Wax crystals appear 91.4 33 Number of crystal
increases rapidly
OBSERVATION :-Macrocrystalline (paraffin) waxes have larger, elongated structures
60ºC
45ºC
35ºC
50X
HC3
Oil Temp (F)
Oil Temp (C)
Observation
140 60 No Observation131 55 No Observation122 50 No Observation113 45 No Observation104 40 No Observation96.8 36 Wax crystals appear 91.4 33 Number of crystal
increases rapidly
OBSERVATION :-Macrocrystalline (paraffin) waxes have larger, elongated structures
60ºC
45ºC
35ºC
50X
HC4
Oil Temp (F)
Oil Temp (C)
Observation
140 60 No Observation131 55 No Observation122 50 No Observation113 45 No Observation104 40 No Observation96.8 36 Wax crystals appear 91.4 33 Number of crystal
increases rapidly
OBSERVATION :-Macrocrystalline (paraffin) waxes have larger, elongated structures
60ºC
45ºC
35ºC
50X
PC1
Oil Temp (F)
Oil Temp (C)
Observation
140 60 No Observation131 55 No Observation122 50 No Observation113 45 No Observation104 40 No Observation96.8 36 Wax crystals appear 91.4 33 Number of crystal
increases rapidly
OBSERVATION :-rounded microcrystalline (naphthene and iso-paraffin) waxes
60ºC
45ºC
35ºC
50X
PC2
Oil Temp (F)
Oil Temp (C)
Observation
140 60 No Observation131 55 No Observation122 50 No Observation113 45 No Observation104 40 No Observation96.8 36 Wax crystals appear 91.4 33 Number of crystal
increases rapidly
OBSERVATION :-rounded microcrystalline (naphthene and iso-paraffin) waxes
60ºC
45ºC
35ºC
50X
PC3
Oil Temp (F)
Oil Temp (C)
Observation
140 60 No Observation131 55 No Observation122 50 No Observation113 45 No Observation104 40 No Observation96.8 36 Wax crystals appear 91.4 33 Number of crystal
increases rapidly
OBSERVATION :-rounded microcrystalline (naphthene and iso-paraffin) waxes
CONJECTURE
• The anisotropic nature of wax crystals allows their size and shape to be determined by CPM
• From Studies it has been established that Microcrystalline (paraffin) waxes were found to have larger, elongated structures compared to the smaller, rounded microcrystalline (naphthene and iso-paraffin) waxes.
50XDK24 50XDK3350XHO1
50XHO250XSAE 50XBK19
Macrocrystalline (paraffin) waxes have larger, elongated structures
rounded microcrystalline (naphthene and iso-paraffin) waxes
FURTHER AGENDA OF THE PROJECT1 •Physical properties & Behavior in dynamic condition
•Study with Rheometer
2 •Chemical Composition •FTIR, GCMS
3•PPD TREATMENT•Tests are reperformed after adding different doses of PPD & behavior is monitored
4 •CORRELATION OF GATHERED DATA & CONCLUSION
Rheometery
• Heavy – paraffinic crude tend to change its behavior &physical properties under applied shear stress .
• In this test the rheological properties of crude are studied at different applied shear stresses
FTIR• FTIR- Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique which is used to obtain Raman scattering of a solid, liquid or gas
• FTIR radiation is passed through a sample. Some of the infrared radiation is absorbed by the sample and some of it is passed through (transmitted).
• The resulting spectrum represents the molecular absorption and transmission, creating a molecular fingerprint of the sample
GCMS• Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a technique for the analysis and quantization of organic volatile and semi-volatile compounds
• Gas chromatography (GC) is used to separates mixtures into individual components using a temperature-controlled capillary column
• Mass spectrometry (MS) is used to identify the various components from their mass spectra
PPD Treatment • From the above result we observe that different crudes showed
different wax structure . some of them show a rounded microcrystalline structure while other showed larger elongated Macrocrystalline structures .
• So after the test different PPD are selected for different type of wax.• Pour point depressants (also known as PPDs) are polymers that are
designed to control wax crystal formation in lubricants resulting in lower pour point and improved low temperature flow performance
• All the tests are reperfomed by adding different doses of PPD selected , the change in appearance as well as chemical & physical behavior is monitored
THANK YOU