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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
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MODULE 5 – Crossing Techniques
Module Goal
Participants will understand and utilize proper crossing techniques in their crossing guard duties.
Objective One
Recall the use of school crossing guard equipment and proper hand gestures and verbal commands.
Objective Two
Recall the importance of visibility and conspicuity.
Objective Three
Recall proper crossing procedures at different crosswalk types and under bad weather conditions.
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
EQUIPMENT• Class II vest • A retro-reflective stop paddle • And/or fluorescent or retro-
reflective orange or yellow-green gloves.
• A whistle
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
RETRO-REFLECTIVITY
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
UNIFORM
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
VISIBILITY AND CONSPICUITY
Visibility Perceptible by the eye or
obvious to the eye.
Conspicuity The state of being clear or
bright
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
VISIBILITY AND CONSPICUITY
• Visibility and conspicuity contribute to safety of guard and students.
• Vest makes guards more conspicuous to motorists
• Reduces pedestrian / vehicle crashes
• Deter unlawful / unsafe acts by pedestrians and motorists
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
VISIBILITY AND CONSPICUITY
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
VISIBILITY AND CONSPICUITYVisual Distractions and Obstructions
In-Vehicle DistractionsVisual Clutter Visual Barriers
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
PROPER SEARCH PATTERN
Left Right Left Scan
Midblock Crosswalk
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
PROPER SEARCH PATTERN
Left Right Left Over the Shoulder
Intersection Crosswalk
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
PROPER SEARCH PATTERN
Continue to Scan while Crossing
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS
• All communications must be uniform, crisp and clearly informative
• HAND signals / movements and whistle are to be used with motorists.
• VERBAL messages only are to be used with pedestrians.
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
1. Students about to enter or in crosswalk (Stop and yield)
2. Stop paddle – with arm parallel to ground, raised perpendicular
3. Gloved hand – raised arm forward, parallel to the ground with palm and fingers extended toward traffic
4. If a driver disregards the STOP paddle, blow one long blast on the whistle to warn the driver while pointing and looking directly at the driver.
SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Recommended STOP paddle technique
SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Recommended hand signal technique
SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
COMMUNICATIONS WITH STUDENTS
Verbally remind students to
1. Stay at least one step behind “stay-back line”
2. Look LEFT-RIGHT-LEFT
3. Walk, don't run.
After guard is in roadway and it is safe to cross
Verbally tell students they can cross
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATIONS
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
CROSSING PROCEDURES
• You do not direct traffic in the regulatory law enforcement sense.
• You choose adequate gaps in traffic or create adequate gaps in traffic to safely cross students
• Your presence serves as a cue that pedestrians are about to use the crosswalk, and drivers must stop.
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Safe Gap Assessment
Stopping distance = thinking distance +
braking distance
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Safe Gap Assessment
For most conditions you should pick a gap of at least
150 ft
CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Safe Gap Assessment
For most conditions you should pick a gap of at least
150 ft
CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
Stand on curb on the side of the street where students approach.
Keep students at least one step back from the curb or behind a “stand-back” line.
Ask a child on a bicycle, scooter, or skateboard to dismount.
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Wait for an a sufficient gap in traffic.
Make a final scan for traffic before entering the roadway.
Remind children to wait for your verbal direction before starting to cross.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Raise and display the STOP paddle as you walk to the middle of the roadway.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
As you approach the middle of the roadway, check that the STOP paddle is clearly visible to that approach as well.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Position in the middle of the street, just outside the crosswalk on the side closest to the approach with greater apparent risk of traffic conflict and face that approach, continuing to display the STOP paddle to both approaches.
Make a final check that traffic on both approaches has stopped.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Turn your head toward the waiting children and, making eye contact, verbally direct them to search for traffic as described, and to proceed when the way is clear.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
As children cross behind you, do not allow any driver to cross the crosswalk until the last child of the released group has reached the opposite curb or roadway edge.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Remain alert for traffic and continue to display the STOP paddle until you have left the roadway.
UNSIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Stand on curb on the side of the street where students approach.
Keep students at least one step back from the curb or behind a “stand-back” line.
Ask a child on a bicycle, scooter, or skateboard to dismount.
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Wait for walk indication
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Enter crosswalk, stopping
near-side traffic
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
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Alert far-side traffic
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Take position
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Initiate crossing
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
Maintain your position
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
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Return to the starting curb or roadway edge
SIGNALIZED CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
CROSSING PROCEDURESDo not cross children during protected left turn
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
CROSSING PROCEDURES• Four or More Lanes• Two guards should be assigned.
Each handles one side of the street.
• Guard on side with children initiates
• Use applicable procedures for that side only
• Proceed to middle of traffic lanes
• Other guard simultaneously alerts and enters roadway
• Crosses children the rest of the way
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
CROSSING PROCEDURES
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
CROSSING PROCEDURESDo
Always review the proper search pattern before crossing
Always cross students when the light is green
Always use pedestrian signals if available
Always be clear and concise with your signals
Establish eye contact
See and Be Seen
Report dangerous vehicle violations
Report uncooperative students
Don't
Don't assume that cars will stop
Don't assume cars will remain stopped
Don't cross students if a vehicle is stopped in the crosswalk
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
MANAGING BAD WEATHER
• Inclement weather tends to make people hurry and pay less attention• Roads become slippery and stopping distances are increased• Visibility may be reduced• Electrical storms are dangerous and may disrupt traffic signals
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
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In lower visibility - See and Be Seen
Ensure you have motorist's attention before crossing
Make eye contact
One long blast on whistle
Consider retro-reflective traffic cones or in-crosswalk panels
MANAGING BAD WEATHER
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
MANAGING BAD WEATHER
Lightning
If in vicinity take shelter and advise children to do same
If a flashing red light – cross with caution / treat as multi-way stop
If traffic signal out – don't cross children/call 911
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
MANAGING BAD WEATHER
In rain conditions
Increase gap distances due to slippery roads
Reduced motorist peripheral vision
Wear rain jacket for comfort with vest on outside
No umbrella
Kids will want to run to get out of the rain – make them walk
Increased parent pick-up traffic
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Iowa Adult School Crossing Guard Program
Module 5/Crossing Techniques
CONCLUSION
Use proper equipment to see and be seen Use a LEFT-RIGHT-LEFT scanning technique Pick a gap of at least 150 feet Use proper crossing procedures Keep students safe during bad weather