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Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

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Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers
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Page 1: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Crosswalk Conundrum:Why, Where, and How?

Seleta ReynoldsFehr & Peers

Page 2: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

“There is more to life than increasing its speed.”

Ghandi

“Our national flower is the concrete cloverleaf.”

Lewis Mumford

Page 3: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Why? Crosswalk Function

Creating reasonable expectations where pedestrians may cross a roadway

Channelization of pedestrians to designated crossing locations

Page 4: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Channelization

Page 5: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Advantages

They help pedestrians find their way across complex intersections

They designate the shortest path They direct pedestrians to locations of best

sight distance

Page 6: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Advantages

Page 7: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Disadvantages

They may create a “false sense of security” for pedestrians.

They may cause a greater number of rear-end collisions.

They may cause an increase in the number of fatal or serious-injury crashes.

Page 8: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Where? Review of Previous Studies

• Pedestrian crosswalk study (1970) - City of San Diego

• California Marking Policy at Intersections on California State Highways (1996) - ITE

• Safety Effects of Marked Versus Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Crossing Locations (2000) - FHWA

Page 9: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Safety Effects of Marked Vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Crossing

Locations (2000) - FHWAData 1,000 marked and 1,000 unmarked crosswalks No school crossings 229 pedestrian crashes included Crash history (5 years), pedestrian volumes, traffic

volumes, number of lanes, speed limit

Page 10: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Safety Effects of Marked Vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Crossing Locations

(2000) - FHWA

Page 11: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Exceptions

Locations with high traffic volumes may be candidates for marked crosswalks if they also have extraordinarily high pedestrian volumes

No location with poor sight distance is a good candidate for marking a crosswalk

Page 12: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Exceptions

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Average Daily Traffic

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Be Careful

Consider Marked Crosswalk

Page 13: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Uncontrolled and Midblock Locations

Step One: Assessing Demand Purpose: Choosing the best location for the

crosswalk and measuring need Data Needed: Adjacent land uses, pedestrian

volumes, sight distance

Page 14: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.
Page 15: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Equivalent Adult Units

Number Factor EAUs

 Children ___________ x 2.0 = _________

Seniors ___________ x 1.5 = _________

Disabled ___________ x 2.0 = _________

Adults ___________ x 1.0 = _________

 

Source: Pedestrian Crossing Control Manual, Transportation Association of Canada13

Page 16: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Pedestrian Desire Lines

Page 17: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Uncontrolled and Midblock Locations

Step Two: Assessing Safety Purpose: Choosing the treatment for the

crosswalk Data Needed: Number of travel lanes,

average daily traffic, posted speed

Page 18: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.
Page 19: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Step-by-Step

Page 20: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Step-by-Step

Page 21: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

How? Level One Devices

Pedestrian Refuge Islands

Split Pedestrian Crossover

Curb Extensions

Page 22: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

How? Level Two Devices

Overhead Signs and Flashing Beacons

Raised Crosswalks In-pavement Flashers

Page 23: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

How? Level Three Devices

Pedestrian-actuated signals: Hawk, Toucan, Pelican

Flashing yellow and then solid yellow when a pedestrian pushes the button

Signal is dark until activated Signal is goes solid red and pedestrian has a walk signal

Page 24: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

How? Level Four

Pedestrian bridges and overcrossings

Photo by Dave Campbell

Page 25: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.
Page 26: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.
Page 27: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Step-by-Step

Page 28: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.

Uncontrolled Crossing Example


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