CRUSADES 1-3PAT KINGÉBION JOSÉ

1ST CRUSADEAlexius Comnenus calls for help from Pope

• Requests Knights to aid in Turk invasion• Pope Urban II calls a Crusade

Pope Urban’s Crusade called a “pilgramage”

• He “encouraged” his knights to travel to Jerusalem to repent their sins

• Reality: Invasion to take city for personal gain

(1095-99)

•Raymond of Toulouse–Principle leader in Crusades–Wealthiest man in France–Captures Jerusalem and other cities

•Bohemund of Antioch–Took crusaded land for himself–Went too far in expanding, ends up captured, ransomed,

and routed back to the west•Zengi the Mujahid

–Takes the states of Edessa back from Crusaders–He dies, but his work rallies his troops and they drive

back the crusaders

OUTCOMEZengi causes despair in the western troops

• Pope grows angry at the loss of land

• Pope calls for a second Crusade

Pope Eugenius wants to regain Edessa

• Angry at soldiers for losing the land

• Tries to find leaders to help

2ND CRUSADE

• Generals that take the Cross:

• Conrad III of Germany

• Terrible Military organizer• Pope tried to keep news of Crusade from him• He went anyway of his own accord

• Louis VII of France• Asked to lead forces by pope• Constantly argued with Conrad III

• Goal was to take back Edessa• Still just wanted more land

(1144-87)• Leaders group up and

meet in Jerusalem

• Begin to march towards Alleppo, and then onto Edessa

• Decide to attack the allied city of Damascus

• The siege was a complete failure

• Conrad III returns to Europe after 1 year

• Louis VII returns a few years later in 1149

OUTCOME

• Christian forces weakened from attacks

• Turkish General named Nar-ad-Din attacks• Captures Damascus and Egypt by 1168• Dies in 1174, successor is Saladin

• Saladin becomes new Turkish leader

• Lays siege to Jerusalem and the Templars• (Templars are a holy order of knights trying to

rid the holy land of the Muslims)• Saladin captures the city and slaughters most

of the Templar order in 1187

3RD CRUSADE• Pope appalled at the loss of Jerusalem

• Immediately calls for a new crusade• New generals arrive to capture and defend the city

• New Generals:

• RICHARD THE LIONHEART• Greatest general of the Western Europe• Defeats Saladin in many instances• Captures major city of Acre, but not Jerusalem

• SALADIN• Defeated by Richard at many locations• Valiantly defends Jerusalem successfully• Western army runs defeated, chases

(1189-1192)• Philip II of France also

came along with Richard

• Could not agree on battle plans

• Richard began to give orders without his consent

• Philip used the Crusade as an excuse to lure Richard away from home

• Philip pretends to leave from illness, and then invades Richard’s territory

• Richard is forced to give up and leave defeated to Saladin

OUTCOME• Richard was captured and ransomed home on his

return voyage

• He eventually did recapture his home, but with the loss of many of his friends lives

• Saladin signs a peace agreement to allow the Christians to hold the Mediterranean Coast

• Enthusiasm for the Crusades begin to diminish

• Failures make Christians to focus on other problems they can solve

OVERVIEW• 1st Crusade:

• The Christians managed to capture some land but ultimately lose most of it back to the Muslim people

• 2nd Crusade:

• The Christians try to recapture Edessa but dispute over what to do and ultimately fail

• 3rd Crusade:

• The Christians rally under Richard the Lion-Heart but he retreats when his home is attacked

ULTIMATELY: They failed because the land captured was eventually lost sometime in the future

TEXT SOURCEShttp://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GPS&userGroupName=libe91209&tabID=T001&searchId=R6&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=2&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3034900101&&docId=GALE|CX3034900101&docType=GALE&role

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PICTURE SOURCEShttp://www.bing.com/images/search?q=bohemond+of+antioch&view=detail&id=86BD83A20E696A7CB82692D49B85775F9A68B65C&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR

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http://uploads8.wikipaintings.org/images/gustave-dore/saladin.jpg!xlMedium.jpg

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=crusades&view=detail&id=8B0E21469DE999F82A3E9D323660C27DB61ACCEA&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR

http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320Hist&Civ/slides/15crusad/crusaders&moslems.jpg

http://www.medievalwarfare.info/pics/louisix.jpg\

http://www.historyofjihad.org/crusades14.jpg

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http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/images/crusades/first/peoples_crusade_inocents.jpg

http://0.tqn.com/d/atheism/1/0/q/I/GermanCrusader-l.jpg