Center of Technical Excellence, C i t GASTECH 2011Cryogenics at GASTECH 2011

Cryogenic Nitrogen Rejection Technology for Current Market DevelopmentsDr. Georg SchopferAmsterdam, 22nd March 2011

p

Amsterdam, 22 March 2011

Outline

Introduction

NRUs for upgrading LNG End Flash Gas

NRUs for upgrading associated gas from EOR

Examples

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Utilization Alternatives for N2 Rich Gases

Source Options

Natural Gas Burn in BoilersUpgrade to Pipeline SpecsUpgrade to Pipeline Spec s

E d Fl h G (LNG) B i B ilEnd-Flash Gas (LNG) Burn in Boilers

Upgrade to Gas Turbine Fuel

Associated Gas Burn in Boilers

(E h d Oil R U d t Pi li S

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

(Enhanced Oil Recovery Upgrade to Pipeline Specs with Nitrogen)

Demand for Nitrogen Rejection increases due to economic, political and environmental reasons.

Increasing pressure to exploit high Nitrogen gas resourcesIncreasing pressure to exploit high Nitrogen gas resourcesIncreasing worldwide demand of natural gas

Rising gas price

Local gas shortages

Strategic diversification of national gas supply

Stricter environmental regulations forbid flaring of end flash gas or associated gas

P liti i t l b l iPolitics against global warming

Global Gas Flaring Reduction Initiative (GGFRI)

Global Methane Initiative

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Outline

Introduction

NRUs for upgrading LNG End Flash Gas

NRUs for upgrading associated gas from EOR

Conclusion

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Linde NRU technologyIntegration of a NRU into a LNG plant

Gas Turbine Fuel Gas

Pretreatment Liquefaction

Fuel Gas System

N2 > 1mol-%

End Flash Gas (N2 rich)

Storage (atm.)&

L di

Tank Return Gas

N2 RemovalColumn

LNG

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Loading

Linde NRU technologyIntegration of a NRU into a LNG plant

Gas Turbine Fuel Gas

Pretreatment Liquefaction

Fuel Gas System

N2 > 1mol-%N2 >~6 mol-%

NRU N2

End Flash Gas (N2 rich)

LNGStorage (atm.)

&L di

Tank Return Gas

N2 RemovalColumn

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Loading

Linde NRU technologyIntegration of a NRU into a LNG plant

Gas Turbine Fuel Gas

Pretreatment Liquefaction

Fuel Gas System

N2 > 1mol-%N2 >~6 mol-%

NRU

End Flash Gas (N2 rich)

N2

Storage (atm.)&

L di

LNG

Tank Return Gas

N2 RemovalColumn

LNG

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Loading

Linde NRU technologyIntegration of a NRU into a LNG plant

Gas Turbine Fuel Gas

Challenges:1 Very high availability of NRU required

Pretreatment Liquefaction

Fuel Gas System

1. Very high availability of NRU required

- No (production) flaring policy

- Losses of LNG production due to NRU not acceptablenot acceptable

Robust design, good operability, fast start-up (Island Mode Operation1/Ext. R f i ti 2)

N2 > 1mol-%N2 >~6 mol-%

NRU

End Flash Gas (N2 rich)

Refrigeration2)

2. Tailored process design required, for example:

N2

Storage (atm.)&

L di

Tank Return Gas

N2 RemovalColumn - GT fuel gas production

(e.g. Linde NRU for Pluto LNG, Woodside)LNG

LNG

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Loading- LNG production

(e.g. Linde NRU for Hammerfest LNG, Statoil)

1,2Linde patents pending

Process Design for NRU producing GT fuel and HP N2e g Linde NRU for Pluto LNG plant Woodside Australiae.g. Linde NRU for Pluto LNG plant, Woodside, Australia

GT Fuel gasGT Fuel gas

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Process Design for NRU producing LNGe.g. Linde NRU for Hammerfest LNG plant, Statoil, Norway

Linde patent WO 02/088612 A1

GT Fuel gas

To LNG tank

GT Fuel gas

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Process Design for NRU producing LNGe.g. Linde NRU for Hammerfest LNG plant, Statoil, Norway

Linde patent WO 02/088612 A1

GT Fuel gas

To LNG tank

GT Fuel gas

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Outline

Introduction

NRUs for upgrading LNG end flash gas

NRUs for upgrading associated gas from EOR

Examples

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Enhanced Oil Recovery with Nitrogenis enabled by Air Separation and Nitrogen Rejection

Purified N2to atmospherePurifiedASU NRU

Air Separation

Nitrogen Rejection Unit

Purified Methane Gas

NRU

I j ti f

Separation Unit

I fInjection of Nitrogen for well flooding and pressure

Increase of Nitrogen content in associated gas

control

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Live time of well

Nitrogen Rejection for Enhanced Oil RecoveryChallenges

N2 composition rises over 15 years composition trend

60

Feed N2[mol-%]

plant lifetime!

Dedicated cost intensive010

20

30

40

50

0 321 335 351 365 381 566 580 594 608 624 644 664 684 Dedicated, cost intensive pretreatment for NRU required!

0 321 335 351 365 381 566 580 594 608 624 644 664 684

Months

Feed DisturbancesFeed N2 Feed Flow Large scale plant for EOR associated gas directly from

Sudden load and composition h d t il ll t !

120

130

140

150

160

35

40

45

50

Feed N2 [mol-%]

Feed Flow [MMSCFD]

Large scale plant for EOR associated gas directly from oil wells

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

changes due to oil well upsets!100

110

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Hours

25

30

Nitrogen Rejection for Enhanced Oil RecoveryDouble Column Process with Enrichment Column

Most economic for large scale applications due to high energy

Least pretreatment required due to higher robustness g gy

efficiency g

against freezing of CO2 & HHC

20-60% N2

60-100% flow

10-100% gas load

30-100% flow

20 100% flow

40 60 % N2

Applicable to large N2 range Dynamic operation requires attention due

20-100% flow

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Large load ranges for individual streams

Suitable equipment design required!

to

Tight heat integration

Strong process coupling

Nitrogen Rejection for Enhanced Oil RecoveryDouble Column Process with Enrichment Column

Fluctuation: flowrate, N2-conc.

Steady due to time delay

Imbalance

Possible lossof product purities Specify dynamic requirements if frequent fluctuations are expected!

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Simulation of dynamic behavior in early project phase OPTISIM

Adapted process and control scheme for a robust design

Nitrogen Injection and Rejection for Enhanced Oil Recovery by PEMEX in Cantarell and Cunduacan, M iMexico

Linde air separation plant at Bay of Campeche for N2 injection in Cantarell oil fields

5 trains for 55,000 tpd N2

Operations start in 2000, extension in 2005

Nitrogen Rejection Unit at Cunduacan for upgrading associated gas from N2 EOR to pipeline gas

Planning stat s DOI originall planned for 2010

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

Planning status, DOI originally planned for 2010

Current BoD: 125 MMSCFD feed gas with 25-45 mol-% N2

Nitrogen Injection and Rejection for Enhanced Gas Recovery by ADNOC in Mirfa and Habshan, Abu DhabiDhabi

Mirfa

Linde air separation plant in Mirfa for N2 injection in Habshan gas condensate fields Mirfaj g

2 trains for 22,000 tpd N2

Operations start in 2011

Nitrogen Rejection Unit at Habshan for upgrading associated gas to GT fuel and pipeline gas

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

p p g

Planning status, award of feed planned for 2011

Ca 300 MMSCFD feed gas with 3 40 mol %

Linde Nitrogen rejection unit for Pluto LNG in Karratha, Australia, Client: Woodside, Start up: 2011

End Flash Gas NRU for GT fuel gas production (70 MMSCFD, 47-54 mol-% N2)

- Minimum construction work at site due to maximum prefabrication

- High availability (fast restart due to External Refrigeration)

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

High availability (fast restart due to External Refrigeration)

- GAN side product reduces utility demand of LNG plant

- High purity: max. 1000 ppmV CH4 in Nitrogen vent to atmosphere

Linde Nitrogen rejection unit for Hammerfest LNG in Norway, Client: Snhvit Cons., Start-up 2008

NRU

End Flash Gas NRU for additional LNG production (67MMSCFD, 11-30 mol-% N2)

- High energy efficiency due to utilization of liquid CH4 product and heat integration with LNG plant

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

integration with LNG plant

- No end flash gas compressor required

- Max. 100 ppmV CH4 in Nitrogen vent to atmosphere

We are happy to answer your questions!quest o s

Marcus Lang Dr. Georg SchopferDr. Thilo SchieweExecutive Vice President LNG and Natural Gas PlantsLinde AG - Linde Engineering DivisionDr.-Carl-von-Linde-Str. 6-1482049 Pullach/Mnchen

Sales Project Manager LNG and Natural Gas PlantsLinde AG - Linde Engineering DivisionDr.-Carl-von-Linde-Str. 6-1482049 Pullach/Mnchen

Vice President Sales LNG and Natural Gas PlantsLinde AG - Linde Engineering DivisionDr.-Carl-von-Linde-Str. 6-1482049 Pullach/Mnchen

Germany

Switch Board +(49) 89 7445 2975

Direct +(49) 89 7445 3491

Germany

Switch Board +(49) 89 7445 2975

Direct +(49) 89 7445 2595

Germany

Switch Board +(49) 89 7445 2975

Direct +(49) 89 7445 3784marcus.lang@linde-le.com georg.schopfer@linde-le.comthilo.schiewe@linde-le.com

NRU for Enhanced Oil RecoveryHeat Exchanger Design for Robust HC Re-evaporationevaporation

Circular evaporation within

Plate Fin Heat Exchanger1Once through evaporation within

Coil Wound Heat Exchangers2ate eat c a geRobust and cost efficient solutionfor pure CH4 product and moderateload changes

gRobust solution for large load changes

G. Schopfer, Linde AG Engineering Division Business Confidential

1Linde patent pending 2 Designed and fabricated by Linde in

Schalchen, Germany or in Dalian, China