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Lecture 16 – Affect

Terry WinogradCS147 - Introduction to Human-

Computer Interaction DesignComputer Science Department

Stanford UniversityAutumn 2006

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Learning Goals

•How does affect play a role in human-computer interaction?

•…in design?

•…in anthropomorphic devices like robots?

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Norman Levels of Design

• Visceral

• Behavioral

• Reflective

• Affect and Emotion– Affect is the basic human feeling

behavior

– Emotion involves perception and memory and always includes an environmental factor, present or past

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Visceral Design by Apple

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Cell Phones

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Hiroshi Ishii’s Music Bottles

• Physical feel – Haptic feedback and tangibility

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Biophilia

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Game design

• Overall sensory look and feel• Music and sound effects• Emotions are the key drivers

– Fear, Sex, Aggression,….

• Haptic/tangible (e.g,. For driving games)

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Reflective Level: Message, culture, meaning

• Personal remembrances• Self image• Watches as an example

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Swatch car

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Alessi Juicy Salif Citrus Fruit Squeezer

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Visceral vs. Reflective

• Attractiveness is a visceral-level phenomenon– Beauty comes from the reflective level

• Sexy, powerful, seductive – visceral level– Prestige, rarity, exclusiveness –

reflective level

How does this apply to interaction design?

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Affective Interactive Toys

Furby

Aibo

NeCoRo

Tamagotchi

Paro: World's Most Therapeutic Robot

• World's Most Therapeutic Robot"Mental Commit Robot"Nickname: "Paro"

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Kismet – Cynthia Breazeal, MIT

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Emotional Machines

• What are emotions?– Emotion as an attribution that

explains behavior– States of readiness– Emotions allow us to translate

intelligence into action

Does your car have emotions?

What Kinds of Emotions would Roomba have?

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Human-Robot interaction

• Anthropomorphism and expectations

• The uncanny valley• Displaying the machine’s

emotional state– Facial expressions– Fake vs. real emotions

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Machines Assessing People’s Emotional State

• Facial expression• Physiological signals

– (blood pressure, galvanic skin response, facial expression....)

How and when should machines respond to your affect?

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Affective Computing (Rosalind Picard, MIT)

Blood Volume Pressure (BVP) earring

Galvanic SkinResponse

(GSR) rings and bracelet

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Manipulating Affect and Motivation

• Captology is the study of computers as persuasive technologies. This includes the design, research, and analysis of interactive computing products created for the purpose of changing people's attitudes or behaviors.

BJ Fogg, Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do