CONGESTION MANAGEMENT IN TRANSMISSION LINES USING

THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR (TCSC)

Presented byC.S.Chitra

Roll. No.03M.Tech-PEPS

Guided byMs. Sarin BabyAsst. Professor

EEE Department

Contents• Introduction• Literature Review• Problem Formulation• Brief outline of Thesis• Problem Tackling Methods• Project Design Plan• Outline of Software • Time schedule• Conclusion• Bibliography

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Objective

• To study the effect of TCSC in transmission line for congestion management by

1. Modeling six bus system using MATPOWER

2. Analyze the system without contingency based on loss reduction

3. Modeling TCSC and analyze the system without contingency

4.Modeling TCSC and analyzing the system with contingency using sensitivity method and GA

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IntroductionModern electric power utilities are facing many

challenges due to ever increasing complexity in their operation and structure

With the lack of new generation and transmission

facilities and over exploitation of the existing facilities make these types of problems more imminent in modern power systems

Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers use thyristor switching devices to provide greater control, speed and flexibility of ac transmission systems

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Contd..

FACTS devices can be used to control the power flows in heavily loaded lines

One of the best innovated FACTS devices is the Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) .

TCSC finds applications in power flow control, transient stability improvement, power oscillation damping, sub-synchronous resonance

Congestion refers to the overloading of lines due to increased electric power consumption

This thesis analyze the effect of TCSC in congestion management of the power system

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Literature Review

Different methods of optimal location of TCSC is done by various authors

From the review, [1]-[6] deals with the congestion management in transmission lines using FACTS devices

In [7] an algorithm for congestion management using OPF is done,[8] presented an Improved Evolutionary Programming approach which determines the optimal placement of multi-type of FACTS devices

The optimal location of FACTS devices using sensitivity method is explained in[10-12]

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Contd..

The optimal location of TCSC is determined using GA is presented in [13-15]

Particle swarm optimization and neural network methods [16-20] are also used to determine the optimal location of TCSC in power systems

Various authors had done the optimal location of combination of series compensators [21-23] using the above methods

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Problem Formulation

Modeling of IEEE six bus system in MATPOWERAnalyze the results after the power flowModeling of TCSC and determine the optimal

location using sensitivity method To find the optimal location of TCSC in transmission

line using GAValidate the results by Power World Simulator

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Brief Outline of Thesis

1. Modeling and Analysis of IEEE six bus system without contingency

2. Modeling of TCSC for power flow control: fixed impedance and variable impedance modes of operation

3. Solution to the allocation problem based on power loss reduction technique

4. Modeling and analysis of IEEE six bus system with contingency

5. Modeling of TCSC for congestion management: fixed impedance mode and variable impedance modes of operation

6. Solution to the allocation problem with contingency

a. Classical method- Sensitivity method

b . Heuristic method-GA

7.Validation of the results using power world simulator9

Details of the study system(IEEE 6-bus system)

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The resistance and reactance of the transmission line [24] in per unit is given in the table

Bus Data

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Modeling and Analysis of IEEE six bus system without contingency

The IEEE six bus system is modeled in MATPOWER

Power flow analysis is done by N-R method

From the analysis voltage magnitude, angle and total real and reactive power loss of bus and branches can be calculated

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Results

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TOTAL LOSS BRANCH DATA

TOTAL LOSS BUS DATA

TOTAL LOSS LOAD DATA

P (MW) Q (MVar) P (MW)Q (gen)(MVar)

P(MW)

Q (load)(MVar)

7.875 24.17 217.88 179.94 210.0 210.00

Normal case:

Modeling of TCSC for power flow control without contingency

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Fig. 1: Single-line diagram of the basic TCSC module

The active power transferred by the transmission system is given by , P=(V1V2/X12)Sin ᵟ

Modes of Operation

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Three modes of operation•Thyristor blocked•Thyristor bypassed•Vernier operation

Fig. 2: The TCSC reactance vs firing angle

Operating principle of TCSC

Thyristor blocked mode

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Fig. 3: Diagram of the TCSC operating under thyristor blocked mode

Thyristor bypassed mode

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Fig. 4: Diagram of the TCSC operating under thyristor blocked mode

Thyristor Vernier mode

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Fig. 5: Diagram of the TCSC operating under capacitive vernier operation mode

Contd..Vernier mode (90o<α<180o)

1.Inductive Vernier mode (90o<α < α res)

2.Capacitive Vernier mode (α res< α<180o )

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is a parameter of TCSC

is the conduction angle

Losses after compensation

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Sl.No P(MW) Q(Mvar) P(MW) Q(Mvar) P(MW) Q(Mvar)

Line1 8.145 23.95 218.14 179.73 210 210

Line2 7.621 22.66 217.62 178.36 210 210

Line3 7.717 22.77 217.72 178.45 210 210

Line4 7.905 24.23 217.9 180 210210

Line5 8.057 23.32 218.06 178.96210

210

Line6 7.861 23.58 217.86 217.86210 210

Line7 7.932 23.56 217.93 217.93 210 210

Line8 8.122 23.65 218.12 218.12 210 210

Line9 7.805 22.96 217.81 217.81 210 210

Line10 7.886 24.16 217.89 217.89 210 210

line11 7.870 24.17 217.87 217.87 210 210

Problem Tackling Methods

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The thesis is concerned with the congestion management in transmission lines using TCSC and the various steps are

Using MATPOWER, modeling of IEEE six bus system without and with contingency

Modeling of TCSC and allocation of TCSC based on loss reduction technique (without contingency) using MATPOWER

Modeling of TCSC and allocation of TCSC using classical method- Sensitivity method (with congestion)

Optimal location of TCSC using heuristic method GA Validation of the results by Power world simulator

Design Plans

Design of TCSC is to be made assuming 25% compensation

The modeling of the system is done by MATPOWER

Optimal location of TCSC to be determined by GAThe results are validated by power world simulator

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Outline of Software

MATPOWER and Power world simulator are used

MATPOWER program is used to calculate the total losses in the bus and the branch

Power world simulator is used to indicate the power flow

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Time Schedule

Sl. No. WORK TIME

1 Data collection and Literature survey 1 month 2 Power World Simulator 1 month

3Modeling of 6 bus system in PWS and MAPOWER under normal and contingency conditions.

1 month

4 Design of TCSC and implementation in 6 bus system 1 month

5Design of TCSC and implementation in 6 bus system 1 month

6 GA to obtain optimal location of TCSC 2 months

Conclusion

Modeling of IEEE six bus system without contingency has been done

Modeling of TCSC under fixed capacitance mode is carried out and the results are analyzed using MATPOWER (without congestion)

If there is no congestion the location of TCSC can be decided on the basis of reducing losses but it is inadequate during congestion

The next phase is to determine the optimal location of TCSC using sensitivity method and GA during congestion

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Bibliography[1] V. P. Rajderkar, Dr. V.K. Chandrakar, “Optimal Location of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) for Congestion Management",

IE (I) Journal-EL, vol 90, dec 2009 pp.30-35, 2010

[2] Seyed Abbas Taher, Hadi Besharat, "Transmission Congestion Management by Determining Optimal Location Of FACTS devices in Deregulated Power Systems”, Am. J. Applied Sci.,vol. 5, pp.242-247, 2008

[3] N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission System, IEEE Press.2000

[4] G.I. Rashed, H. I. Shaheen, S. J. Cheng, “Evolutionary Optimization Techniques for Optimal Location and Parameter Settings of TCSC under Single Line Contingency" , IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and System, vol.5,Jan.2008

[5] Mazilah Binti Rahman, Goro Fujita, “Overview of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) in power transmission system”, IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol.14,pp.23-29,2000

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[6] S. Surender Reddy, M. Sailaja kumari, M. Sydulu, "Congestion management in Deregulated power system by optimal choice and allocation of FACTS controllers using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol.10, 2010.[7] K. Vijayakumar, "Optimal location of FACTS devices for congestion management in Deregulated power systems", International Journal of Computer Applications, vol.16-No.6, Feb.2011[8] Weerakorn Ongsakul and Peerapol Jirapong, "optimal placement of multi-type FACTS devices for total transfer capability enhancement using Improved Evolutionary Programming"IEEE transactions on power systems,vol.20, may1995[9] D. Venu Madhava Chary and J. Amarnath, "Complex neural network approach to optimal location of FACTS devices for Transfer capability Enhancement", ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ,vol. 5, No. 1, Jan 2010[10] S. N. Singh and A. K. David,” Optimal Location of FACTS devices for congestion management”, Electric power system research, vol.58, 2001, pp.71-75

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[11] Manasarani Mandala & C. P. Gupta, "Congestion management by optimal placement of FACTS device", American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol.18, pp.23-27,1998

[12] Muwaffaq I. Alomoush," Multicriteria selection of optimal location of TCSC in a competitive Energy Market", Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 61, No.3, pp.129-140,2010

[13] P. Paterni, Sylvian Vitet, Michel Bena & Akihiko Yokoyama, “Optimal location of Phase shifters in the French Network by Genetic Algorithm” IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol. 14, No.1, Feb 1999

[14] Stephane Gerbex, Rachid Cherkaoui and Alain J. Germond, "Optimal location of Multi-type FACTS devices in a power system by means of Genetic Algorithm”, IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol.16.No.3, August 2001

[15] M. A. Abido, Y. L. Abdel-Magid, J. M. Bakhashwain," Robust coordinated design of PSS and TCSC using Genetic Algorithms", IEEE proceedings Generation, transmission & Distribution, vol.54,2000 28

[16] M. Saravanan, S. Mary Raja Slochanal, P. Venkatesh, Prince Stephen Abraham .J, “Application of PSO technique for optimal location of FACTS devices considering system Loadability and cost of Installation", Power Engineering Conference,vol.2, Dec.2005[17] S. Mary Raja Slochanal, M. Saravanan and A. Chitra Devi, "Application of PSO technique to find the optimal settings of TCSC for static security enhancement considering Installation cost”, Power Engineering Conference,vol.3.june 2009[18] Hossein Hashemzadeh, Seyed Hamid Hosseini, "Locating series FACTS devices using line outage sensitivity factors and particle swarm optimization for congestion management", IEEE transactions on power systems,vol.6, 2009[19] G.I. Rasheed, H.I. Shaheen and S.J. Cheng, “Evolutionary Optimization Techniques for optimal location and parameter settings of TCSC under single line contingency”, IEEE Trans. On power electronics, vol.8, mar.2008[20] V. P. Rajderkar and V. K. Chandrakar, " Comparison of series FACTS devices via optimal location in a power system for congestion management" IE(I) Journal-EL, vol.90, dec.2009 pp.30-35

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[21] M.A. Furini and P.B. De Araujo," A comparative study of the damping Oscillation Function of TCSC and UPFC", IEEE Trans. On power delivery, pp 1629-1634, 2008

[22] Siddhartha Panda and N. P. Padhy,"MATLAB/SIMULINK based model of single- machine infinite bus with TCSC for stability studies and tuning employing GA", World academy of science, Engineering and Technology,vol.14,dec. 2007

[23] Y. Lu and A. Abur, "Improving system static security via optimal placement of Thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC)" IEEE 2009

[24] Allen J. Wood and B.F. Woolenberg, “Power Generation, Operation and Control”, Wiley, 1996

[25] Power World Simulator: “Interactive power system, Simulation Analysis and Visualization, user’s guide”2004

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THANK YOU

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