CSC 210 1.0 Computer Graphics - WordPress.com · 7/21/2017 1 CSC 210 1.0 Computer Graphics...

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CSC 210 1.0

Computer Graphics

[email protected]

Department of Computer Science

University of Sri Jayewardanepura

1

Lecture 01

History of Computer Graphics What is Computer Graphics? Applications of Computer Graphics – Why? Basics of Computer Graphics Hardware in Computer Graphics

[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP

Manchester Mark I

Display


Sketchpad (Sutherland, MIT 1963) First interactive graphics system (VIDEO) Many of concepts for drawing in current

systems Pop up menus

Constraint-based drawing

Hierarchical Modeling


1960s GM (general Motor)

developed CAD (Computer Aided Design) and CAM

1968 Tektronix storage tubes 1970s Boeing CAD CAM


sketchpad-ui-1963-hres.mov

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Roberts (1963), Appel (1967) - hidden-line algorithms

Warnock (1969), Watkins (1970) - hidden-surface

Sutherland (1974) - visibility = sorting

Images from FvDFH, Pixar’s ShutterbugSlide ideas for history of Rendering courtesy Marc Levoy


Invented at PARC circa 1975. Used in the Apple Macintosh, and now prevalent everywhere.

Xerox Star Windows 1.0


SuperPaint system: Richard Shoup, Alvy Ray Smith (PARC, 1973-79)


1970s - raster graphics

Gouraud (1971) - diffuse lighting

Phong (1974) - specular lighting

Blinn (1974) - curved surfaces, texture

Catmull (1974) - Z-buffer hidden-surface algorithm


Digitally alter images, crop, scale, composite Add or remove objects Sports broadcasts for TV (combine 2D and 3D processing)


early 1980s - global illumination

Whitted (1980) - ray tracing

Goral, Torrance et al. (1984) radiosity

Kajiya (1986) - the rendering equation


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1995:

Toy Story (Pixar/Disney), the first full length fully computer generated 3D animation.

The first fully 3D CG cartoon Babylon 5.

First TV show routinely using CG models.


Interactive environments, scientific and medical visualization, artistic rendering, image based rendering, path tracing, photon maps, etc.


[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP 15 [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP

Moore’s Law Power of a CPU doubles every 18 months / 2

years

Number of transistors on GPU doubles each 6 mos. Three times Moore’s Law


The video game industry made twice as much money in 2013 than did the film industry. ($35.9 billion, $70.4 billion)


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Image Processing

Computer Vision

Computer Graphics


Image/ Pixels

Image Processing

Image/ Pixels

Image/ Pixels

Computer Vision

Info/ Vertex

Info/ Vertex

Computer Graphics

Image/ Pixels

Computer Graphics

Synthesis of graphical images

Visualization :

▪ creating an image from an abstract, symbolic description.

Generation of Synthesis Image

▪ using graphical primitives

▪ data from real world phenomena


Computer graphics: generating 2D images of a 3D world represented in a computer.

Main tasks:

modeling: creating and representing the geometry of objects in the 3D world

rendering: generating 2D images of the objects

animation: describing how objects change in time


Entertainment (Movies), Art Design (CAD) Video games Education, simulators, augmented

reality


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[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP 25

Science Art Engineering Medicine Entertainment Advertising Education


Leaders in quality and artistry Not slaves to conceptual purity Big budgets and tight schedules Reminder that there is more to

CG than technology Hey, How'd they do that? Defines our expectations Used in motion pictures, music videos, and television shows. Used in making of cartoon animation films

Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides http://www.cs.unc.edu/~mcmillan/comp136/Lecture1/compgraf.html


Entertainment: Cinema

Pixar: Geri’s Game

Universal: Jurassic Park

A bug’s Life

Antz


A Bug’s Life (Pixar)

[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP

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River Cherwell, Oxford



Quake III

Aki Ross : Final Fantasy

Star Wars Jedi Outcast: Jedi Knight II

The newest driving force in CG

Why? Volume and Profit

This is why we have commodity GPUs

Focus on interactivity Cost effective solutions Avoiding computations and other tricks Games drive the baseline


[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP 35 [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP 36

GT Racer 3

Polyphony Digital: Gran Turismo 3, A Spec

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~efros/photos/Albums/MMOxford/camera/Picture439.jpg

http://www.idsoftware.com/

http://www.cyan.com/

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To view below and

above our visual range


Airflow around a Harrier Jet (NASA Ames)


Producing graphical representations for scientific, engineering, and medical data sets

[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP 42

http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/

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Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many other products

Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form Software packages provide multi-window environment


Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

Architecture

Design of Mechanical part

VLSI

etc...

http://www.memagazine.org/contents/current/features/push/push.html


Curve and Surface Modeling1

23

4

5

6

78

http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/2057/nurbs.html


Mechanical, Electronic, Architecture,... Drives the high end of the hardware market Integration of computing and display resources Reduced design cyles == faster systems, sooner Graphics design package provides standard shapes (useful for repeated

placements) Animations are also used in CAD applications Realistic displays of architectural design permits simulated “walk” through

the rooms (virtual -reality systems)


http://www.memagazine.org/contents/current/features/push/push.html

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The Visible Human Project

Tools for teaching and diagnosis

No cheating or tricks allowed

New data representations and modalities Drive issues of precision and correctness Focus on presentation and interpretation of data Construction of models from acquired data

Joe Kniss, Utah Gordon Kindelman, [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP


Fractal Systems

http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP

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•Amazingly real•But so sterile, lifeless, futuristic (why?)


+ easy to create new worlds+ easy to manipulate objects/viewpoint- Very hard to look realistic

+ instantly realistic+ easy to aquire- very hard to manipulate objects/viewpoint

Computer Graphics PhotographyComputationalPhotography

RealismManipulationEase of capture


GRAPHICS

3D geometry

physics

Simulation

projection


Photorealistic Illumination Models

http://www.pixar.com

http://www.ktx.com/3dsmaxr3/ http://www.aliaswavefront.com



Many of the standard operations you’re used to:

Text

Graphical User Interfaces (Windows, MacOS, ..)

Image processing and paint programs (Photoshop, …)

Drawing and presentation (Powerpoint, …)


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Divided in 4 majors area

Display of Information

Design

Simulation

User Interface


Window system

Window 2003

X window

MAC OS

Graphical Network browsers

Netscape

Internet Explorer



Geographic information system (GIS)

Computerized Tomography (CT)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Ultrasound

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soest/about.ftp.html

http://www.queens.org/qmc/services/imaging/ct.htm


Information Visualization

Visible Decisions SeeIT (http://www.vdi.com)

[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP 66

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soest/about.ftp.html

http://www.queens.org/qmc/services/imaging/ct.htm

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Virtual LA (SGI)

Photo of l LA


Graphical flight simulator reduce training process

Robotic simulation TV, Movie, advertising industries

generate photo realistic images Virtual Reality (VR)

reduce risk of training▪ surgery

▪ astronaut

The Concorde Panel.

http://www.motionshop.com/pr/festocosimirlg.shtml



Outside-In

http://www.geom.uiuc.edu/docs/outreach/oi/moregraphics.html

http://www.physics.orst.edu/~bulatov/vrml/[email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP

Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are used as educational aids.

Models of physical systems, physiological systems, population trends, or equipment such as color-coded diagram help trainees understand the operation of the system


Specialized systems used for training applications

simulators for practice sessions or training of ship captains

aircraft pilots

heavy equipment operators

air traffic-control personnel


View from the ship’s bridge in the virtual environment at Dalian MaritimeUniversity.(Courtesy Xie Cui.) [email protected] - Faculty of Applied Sciences of USJP

http://www.microsoft.com/games/fs2000/visuals_screens.asp

http://www.motionshop.com/pr/festocosimirlg.shtml

http://www.geom.uiuc.edu/docs/outreach/oi/moregraphics.html

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Training

Designing Effective Step-By-Step Assembly Instructions (Maneesh Agrawala et. al)


Everyday Use

Microsoft’s Whistler OS will use graphics seriously

Graphics visualizations and debuggers

Visualize complex software systems



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Window system and large-screen interaction metaphors (François Guimbretière)




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