CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT BY: MUHD EIZAN SHAFIQ BIN ABD AZIZ FACULTY COMPUTER AND...

CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENTBY: MUHD EIZAN SHAFIQ BIN ABD AZIZFACULTY COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

FSKM UiTM Pahang Page 2

Outline

What is the Internet?

History of Internet

Uses of the Internet

How does the Internet works?

Intranet Application

How does data travel on the Internet?

The World Wide Web

Introduction to the Internet

Markup Language & Scripting

Client/Server Communication

HTTP Communication for Web

Other Internet Applications

E-Commerce

Online Banking



Computer network

- The system in which a large number of separate but interconnected computers serve all of the needs

A.K.A a collection of interconnected networks

What is the Internet?

M’sia Net

S’pore Net

USA Net

India Net

Europe Net



M’sia Net/WAN(Local ISPs)

UiTM Net/LAN

`

Desktop/Notebook

Dial-Up/xDSL Modem

Home

Firewall

Core Router

Firewall

Business/Organization

Regional ISPs

World ISPs



Grand parent of Internet: ARPANET (was funded by DARPA) in 1969

Objective of ARPANET: to allow multiple users to send & receive information simultaneously over the same communication path

Theory of Packet Switching was introduced

TCP/IP protocol was introduced

- Coordinate the addresses of all computers on the Internet and the way resources/data are pass around

TCP: provides reliable data services

IP: provides information about how and where data should be delivered

History of Internet

DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency



What is the number of Internet users worldwide and in Malaysia?

- Worldwide incl. Malaysia: http://www.internetworldstats.com/

- Visit: MCMC Website => http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp

Who owns the Internet?

- Answer = Nobody! :-o

Who controls the Internet?

- Corporations, governments & everybody else

Additional Info

http://www.internetworldstats.com/

http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp



Who governs the Internet?

- We have professional society responsible in managing the standards. To name a few:

- Internet Architecture Board (IAB): http://www.iab.org/

- Internet Research Task Force (IRTF): http://www.irtf.org/

- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): http://www.ietf.org/

- Internet Society (ISOC): http://www.isoc.org/

- W3C: http://www.w3.org/

- etc: (make Mr. Google as your best friend :-p)

Additional Info



What do you do on the Internet?

- To find information

- To meet and communicate with people virtually

- To have fun

- To learn & study

- To do internet business

- etc.

Uses of the Internet



Internet Service Provider = ISP

- Provide the Internet connection

How many ISPs in Malaysia?

- Answer: Quite a few

- Wired: TM, Jaring, Maxis

- Wireless: Jaring, Maxis, Celcom, iZZi, P1


M’sia Net/WAN(Local ISPs)

UiTM Net/LAN

`

Desktop/Notebook

Dial-Up/xDSL Modem

Home

Firewall

Core Router

Firewall

Business/Organization




Connection

Wired Wireless

Wired

- Fixed line

- Cable modem (dial-up|xDSL)

- LAN Cable

- Network Interface Card (NIC)

- Fiber optic backbone from Server Exchange to CPE. Provided by ISP. In this case provided by TM because TM own all underground cabling in Malaysia.






Wireless

- IEEE 802.11

- Types: (A|B|G|N) or so called “Wi-Fi”

- Access Point (AP) connected to wired LAN

- Clients (notebook|desktop) connected via wireless device

- Embedded in the notebook: Intel, Atheros

- External device such as USB wireless Adapter and PCI wireless card: D-Link, Aztech

- Coverage: (Small|Medium) because usually setup in an office, in a park or public spots




Wireless

- IEEE 802.16

- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

- Also known as Wireless MAN

- Provides wireless internet connection over long distances

- Which companies won WiMAX license in Malaysia last year?

- Bizsurf, Packet One Networks, Asiaspace Dotcom, Redtone-CNX Broadband

- Current service in Malaysia: P1 Wimax




Wireless

- Satellite Internet Access

- Use mobile phone coverage: (GPRS|3G|HSDPA)

- Modem (Supported mobile phone or USB Modem)

- Quite well-known these days

- ISPs: Maxis Broadband and Celcom Broadband (Celcom has widest coverage :D)




Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

- An address to the current location of information

- protocol://host[:server port]/path/

- Example:

- http://www.yahoo.com

- http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm

- Web browser uses the URL address to retrieve a document over the network




Domain Name- A name that uniquely identifies a

website on the Internet- As a substitute for IP Address of

the website- Example:

- URL: http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm

- Domain Name: uitm.edu.my- IP Address: 202.58.80.152

- Which one is easier to remember?- Domain name or IP Address?




Domain Name- Top-level domain (TLD) names

- Infrastructure (iTLD): .root, .arpa.

- Generic TLD (gTLD): .com, .edu, .net, .gov, etc.

- Country Code (ccTLD): .my, .uk, .id, .sg, etc.

Domain Name Server (DNS)- Translates domain name to IP Address



Host Name

- A host is a (computer|device) that is connected to a network

- Each host has a name, so, we call it host name, sometimes we call it computer name

- Host name uniquely identifies a host on a network without using its IP Address

- Example:

- 1 computer named “uitmpc1” is connected to a UiTM’s network

- “uitmpc1” has a unique IP Address which is “10.0.70.55”

- You are able to access or find “uitmpc1” using its host name or IP Address




IP Address

- A unique numeric identifier for a (computer|host|devices) on a network/Internet

- 2 versions: IPv4 and IPv6

- Type 1: Static

- IP Address assigned to a computer or other devices remains the same every time the device is connected to the network

- Assign and change manually

- Type 2: Dynamic A.K.A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

- It changes every time a (computer|device) is connected to the network

- More efficient way to assign IP Address to a computer or other devices

- DHCP server responsible in assigning IP Address to available hosts in the network




Protocol

- A set of rules that enables computers to connect and transmit data to one another over the network/Internet

- Example:

- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

- Internet Protocol (IP)

- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)






Intranet

- A PRIVATE computer network that belongs to a business, university, government agency or other organization that can be accessed ONLY by authorized persons, typically employees or other members of the organization


- Main purpose: share organizational information and computing resources among employees and others in the organization

- Authorized persons able to access the application from virtually anywhere such as from home or while traveling

- Example:

- Websites (internal application), FTP service, E-mail, etc



Internet? Intranet? Extranet?



How does data travel on the network/Internet?

`

Your computer ISPs

Routers

Web Servers

1. Your Computer sends page request and then translates the information sent back into the

words and images that make up the Web page

2. ISPs provide internet connection for home user

and business or organization for a fee

3. Routers are computers that receive information and forward it to the correct destination over the most efficient route available at

that moment

4. Web Servers are computers that answer your request for a particular

Web page with the information required to build that page on your

computer

MY

US

UK

AUJP



How does data travel on the network/Internet?

Web Servers

`

Your Computer

01000011 01010011 01000011 00110011 00110001 00110111

Network/Internet

Bear in mind, data travel on the network/Internet in

digital form (0|1)



W3 = World Wide Web, allows computer users locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject.

- Written in HTML

- Contain text, image, audio, video

- Distributed Hypermedia System - heterogeneous hypermedia information repositories that are distributed across local- and wide-area networks

W3 was developed by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1990. He also developed several communication protocols as a backbone of the web.

(October, 1994) – Tim Berners-Lee founded W3C. The goal is to make the Web universally accessible, in terms of ability, language or culture.

The World Wide Web



They also formed various standards known as RECOMMENDATIONS.

It includes:

- XHTML

- CSS

- HTML

- XML

The World Wide Web



Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): HTML, XML

Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): XHTML, CSS

Perl

PHP

Coldfusion

ASP, (ASP|VB).NET

Java Technology: Applet, Java Servlet, JSP

etc (again, ask Mr. Google to help you :-p)

Markup Language & Scripting



What is server?

- A (software program|computer) that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on the same computer or other (clients|computers) on a network

- Example:

- Web server, file server, DHCP server

What is client?

- A (computer|program|process) that makes requests for information from another (computer|program|process) in a client-server relationship





`

Client-side Server-side

Send request to the server

Return file to the client

Send another request to the server

Return required file to the client



Some of the protocols involved:

- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

- Port 80

- Simple protocol for file transfer over the network/Internet

- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

- Port 21

- Standard method for (sharing|downloading) files over the Internet for many years

- Commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to server.

- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

- Port 25

* Note: Do you want to know the other port numbers? Visit http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers




Common software requirement at the client side: Web browser

- Internet Explorer

- Firefox

- Opera

- Konqueror

- Safari

Common software requirement at the server side: Web server

- Microsoft Products: PWS or IIS

- Open Source Products: Apache, Tomcat, etc.




Two types of Web:

- Static Web

- The contents of the web are fixed

- Hard coded in the HTML

- Dynamic Web

- Dynamic content

- The web is connected to the database (e.g. MS Access)

- Required client and server side scripting





`

Hello!

Hello

Can you give me index.php file?

Okay, here is the index.php fileClient Side Server Side



Email

- The most popular service

- Take few (seconds|minutes) to be delivered

- Normally can be enclosed with attachment

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

- Common application to download file from Internet to user’s computer OR upload files to server





Instant Messaging

- The most popular Internet application

- Real-time conversation

- Example: Yahoo! Messenger, GoogleTalk, MSN Messenger, IRC, etc.

Plug-ins

- Programs that extend capability of web browser

- Example: Apple QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave Player, Windows Media Player, etc.




Discussion Forums

- A place where people discuss things or common interest

- Example: Anime, Sports, TV Series, etc

- Type 1: Newsgroups A.K.A Usenet

- Wide range of subjects

- Disseminate to computers around the world that run news server

- Available worldwide

- Type 2: Mailing List

- Based on email subscription

- Forum discussions will come straight to your email inbox




Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

- A.K.A Internet Telephony

- Make phone calls over the Internet

- Latest IM applications can be used to initiate VoIP call

- Required devices:

- (Client|Computer) equipped with microphone and speaker OR

- Traditional telephone with special adapter OR

- VoIP Phone

- Call charges: free OR less than normal phone call charges

- Can be used by individuals or business organizations


A.K.A E-Business- Buying and selling of (products|services) on the Internet

- The amount of trade increased dramatically

- Category 1: Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

- Direct online sale between supplier and individual customer

- Example: Dell sells (desktop|notebook) to consumer, Amazon.com

- Category 2: Business-to-Business (B2B)

- Online transactions between businesses

- Example: Advertising companies sell services to business organizations

- Category 3: Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) A.K.A P2P

- Exchanges (between|among) consumers

- Example: eBay.com, mudah.com.my, etc.

E-Commerce



A.K.A E-Business

- Category 4: Consumer-to-Business (C2B)

- Individuals offer (products|services) to companies and the companies pay them

- Example: Freelance web designers sell services to companies

E-Commerce



A.K.A Internet Banking

- Part of E-Commerce applications

- Allow customers to conduct financial transaction on a secure website and connection

- Advantage: customers do not need to be at the bank physically

- Disadvantage: vulnerable to risks (fraud, unauthorized access, identity theft, virus attacks)

- What you can do on Online Banking?

- Access your bank account

- Money transfer

- Bills payment

- OB in Malaysia

- maybank2u, CIMB Clicks, Bank Islam Internet Banking

Online Banking



Question?


Knuckles (2001). Introduction to Interactive Programming on the Internet using HTML & Javascript. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dean, T (2006). Network+ Guide to Networks. Thomson Course Technology.

Azlan Ismail (2005). Introduction to Web Programming. FTMSK, UiTM.

Bibliography (Books & PPT Slide)


http://www.w3concepts.com/w3Main/GoverningTheNet.htm

http://www.icann.org/tlds/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain

http://www.webdevelopersjournal.com/columns/ajs_who_controls_internet.html

http://www.bellevuelinux.org/

Bibliography (Websites)

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