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TGA Techno Green Associates
Introduction of working group Existing brick production – impacts CSEB – the basics Economics and time frame Field challenges Summing up: benefits and disadvantages Follow up – Working Group – Contacts
Compressed (& stabilised) Earth Blocks – a viable alternative ?
Presentation to Peers – early recovery working group: Housing
Islamabad, March, 2011
TGA Techno Green Associates2
Overview of Brick Sector
TGA Techno Green Associates3
Total Kilns: 10,000
Producing: 52 billionBricks per year
Traditional Brick Kilns
Baluchistan: 500 KPK: 1500 Punjab: 5000Sindh: 3000
Quantity and location of Brick Kilns
TGA Techno Green Associates4
Economic Implications
TGA Techno Green Associates
Deforestation
• Approx 100 trees per year per kiln• Total 1 million trees per year (all kilns) • Equal to 15 years growth if re-planted
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Environmental Impact
TGA Techno Green Associates
Local and Global Emissions
Dioxins : 425.88 nanogramme / brick
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CO2 Emissions : 37.4 million Tonnes
Equal to:• 40m Pakistanis CO2 / year• 9 million cars CO2 / year
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Social Impact
Child Labour
Bonded Labour
TGA Techno Green Associates
•Bricks Needed for One House: 5500•Total Bricks Required: 550 million• Total Kilns Required: 106 kilns for one year
Environmental Impacto Top Soil Depletion: 106 Acres ; 3 ft deep top soil
o Deforestation: 50,770 Acres w/o trees for 10 Yrso CO2 Emissions: 316,470 tons of CO2• Carbon Credits Admissible: USD $ 4.75 million• REDD Plus Credits: In addition
o Dioxin: 234 gmsFinancial Impact : PKRs.2750 million ($32m)
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Impact Assessment: 100,000 One Room Shelters
TGA Techno Green Associates9
1.9 million Houses
TIME
SKILLEDLABOUR
MATERIALS
FUNDS
A GREEN ALTERNATE TO FIRED CLAY BRICKSCOMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS (CSEB)
TGA Techno Green Associates
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• Low environmental impact • Low cost & local production • Robust structures (DRR compliant) • Community based, owner driven • Decades of experience globally• Enhanced Thermal Mass
Compressed & Stabilised Earth Block Technology
TGA Techno Green Associates11
Sandy soil being mixed with 5% - 7% cement
Clayey soil being mixed with 7% - 10% Lime
Basic Production Principles
TGA Techno Green Associates
Type of Press Cost of Press (Rs) Local Production Potential
Time of Manufacturing
Normal Press 50,000 Yes 10-15 days
Interlocking Press 60,000 Yes 10-15 days
Local Production of CSEB Machines
TGA Techno Green Associates
Type of SCEB Sizes of SCEBNo. of SCEB / house*
Daily output / machine
No. of Labour / machine
Compressive Strength
Standard Block 12” x 6” x 6” 2100 225 2 550 psi
Interlocking 12” x 8” x 6” 1550 190 2 550 psi
CSEB Production capacity per day
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(Non Compressed) Stabilized Earth Blocks (SEBs)
TGA Techno Green Associates
Training and Awareness
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Two Model Houses with CSEB in KPK
Union Council Uthmanzai; Charsadda Union Council Omerzai; Charsadda
TGA Techno Green Associates
Practical implementation in Sindh – 50 villages in Jacobabad and Kashmore
5000 shelters Hand-pumps
DRR in 50 communities
Kitchen gardens and tree planting
TGA Techno Green Associates
Opportunities and challenges in the field
Positive outcomes
- Building on indigenous methods
- Local business stimulation
- Ownership in reconstruction
- Logistics and supply
Potential challenges
- Community acceptance
- Local brick industries
- Training
NEXT STEP - PILOTS
TGA Techno Green Associates
International Experiences
The Inter America Housing Centre Colombia The CINVA Ram
TGA Techno Green Associates
Auroville IndiaFlood test: “20 years underwater”
TGA Techno Green Associates
Pros and Cons
Benefits
• Environmental • Social • Economic • Logistics
Possible Disadvantages
• Access to Soil • Soil Quality • Landlords (?) • Machine ownership• Quality Control
TGA Techno Green Associates
Donor Perspective
Limited Budgets Tight time-frames Environment “Do No Harm” ? Global CO2 emissions Future disaster-proof (DRR) Livelihood opportunities
TGA Techno Green Associates
Follow up & More Info
Technical working group possible Online wiki-site under development Focal Point:
Tahir Dar Tel: 0333 515 9090
Email: [email protected]