Date post: | 19-Jul-2015 |
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1.Reasons for the Cuban Missile Crisis – the Background
2.Who is to be blamed – US, USSR, Cuba?
3.The actual proceeding of the crisis – What happened?
4.The outcome/impact - Concept of victory vs failure
1. Who won? – US, USSR, Cuba?2. Who lost? – US, USSR, Cuba?
Key Things to note for this topic: Possible SBQ directions
How would you characterise the difference between the Communist and the democratic system?
Try to think of one reason why someone will be attracted to communism and one reason why one might be attracted to capitalism?
List at least one reason each why one would hate communism or capitalism.
Historical Background
What was the background to the events in Cuba?Cuba, small island, 160 km from coast of Florida
US ally, US businesses & US military base (Guantanamo)
1959, Fidel Castro overthrows Battista (US-backed dictator),
establishing Communist government. Why was Cuba so Why was Cuba so
important to the important to the Americans?Americans?
The main characters of this event
Nikita KhruschevNikita Khruschev
Fidel CastroFidel Castro
John F KennedyJohn F Kennedy
Anti- castro
Castro government using seizure of american business to fatten themselves
fat castro govt vs skinny malnourished cubans
American people trying to get the Cubans to think what will happen when they run out of foreigners
Will target the local company next
discredit the castro govt
Source published in the washington post 1960
What happens when they run out of foreigners?
Public show of unity and friendship during the UN Conference
Castro and Khrushchev at the UN conference
NO
America did not respect self determination
YES
1)Castro Government – not legitimate : Gain control through revolution
2)Domino effect – fear of Latin american countries falling into communist hands
3)Anger over nationalisation of am coys
Did the US have the right to try to change the government in Cuba by force?
Bay of Pigsunsuccessful April 1961 invasion to overthrow the government of
President Fidel Castro.United States CIA-backed invasion by 1,400 Cuban exiles and a
number of American citizens formed into Brigade 2506 Claimed to be directed by President John F. Kennedy
American Perspective
Castro government illegitimate and unpopular
Need to ensure self determination and protect West from communist encroachment.
Soviet Perspective
US actions threaten world peace
Need to protect Cuba
Differences in viewpoints
SS-4 SANDAL MRBM on parade in Red Square, Moscow. It could launch a 3 megaton warhead in an estimated range of 1020 nautical miles.
What happened during the October Crisis?
14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos of suspected USSR missile sites on Cuba
Sites nearing completion, experts believe they could be ready in 7 days
US spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying missiles
Events – The danger of Cuba
Kennedy’s advisers told him he had 10 days before Cuba could fire the missiles at targets in America. Kennedy realised he had to act
The video you are about to see is a reenactment of the White House Meeting in 1962, from the movie “Thirteen Days” (2000)
It depicted the various options available for John F Kennedy with regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis
Watch the video and write down the options available in the worksheet and discuss the possible implications of his actions
Video
Response Likely outcome
Least aggressive response
Moderate aggressive response
?? ??
Most aggressive response
Full scale war to invade Cuba • Image of US? – Act of war
• USSR into the picture to help Cuba – full scale war – WW3?
• Nuclear weapons to be used on both sides – M.A.D?
What happened during the October Crisis?20 October, Kennedy decides to blockade Cuba
22 October, Kennedy publicly calls on Khrushchev to remove weapons
What happened during the October Crisis?
23 October Khrushchev refuses to acknowledge blockade or presence of Soviet missiles on Cuba
24 October, 1st Soviet ships (accompanied by submarine) approach 800 km exclusion zone
What happened during the October Crisis?
24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop & turn round
25 October, aerial photos showed continued construction of missile sites
26 October, Kennedy receives a letter offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal of blockade & US invasion threat
27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey too
What happened during the October Crisis?
27 October, US U2 plane shot down over Cuba & pilot killed. Kennedy decides to ignore second letter, but accepts terms of 1st letter
28 October, Khrushchev agrees to dismantle Soviet missiles in Cuba
THE USSR HONOURS ITS AGREEMENT
A U2 photo on November 5 shows Soviet military equipment being reloaded for transportation back to the USSR.
What was the outcome of the crisis?
Cuba remained Communist & heavily armed (without nuclear missiles)
Both leaders didn’t lose face and came away with concessions
Helped renew the thaw – world saw the futility of MAD• In 1963, they agreed a Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. • Cuba was the start of the end of the Cold War. Moscow-Washington permanent hotline between White
House & Kremlin set up•Supported theory of containment & co-existence because
alternatives were unimaginable