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HEALTH IN AGRICULTURE:Cultivating an Understanding of the Unique Challenges and Strengths within Farming and Ranching
Chelsea Hampton, MSW
WHY IS THIS TOPIC IMPORTANT?
Learning Objectives: I. Participants will gain a basic understanding of/and be able to identify some
of the major health issues and conditions agricultural workers face.
II. Participants will gain a basic understanding of/and be able to identify risk factors associated with health issues and conditions agricultural workers face.
III. Participants will be able to identify preventative approaches and resources for promoting agricultural health and independence.
America’s Farmers. Webisode 14 – “A Year Round Job.”
COMMON INJURIES AND PHYSICAL HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
Arthritis - Arthritis affects approximately one-third of adults in farming and ranching.1
Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries – An estimated 1.7 million cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) occur annually, and the rates are higher for males in every age group.2
Hand and Eye Injuries - Approximately 2,000 cases of job-related eye injury requiring medical care occur each day in the U.S.3
1 Agriculture and Arthritis. http://www.arthritis-ag.org/arthritis-and-you/agriculture-and-arthritis.aspx 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Injury Prevention & Control: Traumatic Brain Injury. http://www.cdc.gov/TraumaticBrainInjury/statistics.html 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Workplace Safety & Health Topics: Eye Safety. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/eye/
COMMON INJURIES AND PHYSICAL HEALTH CONDITIONS (CONTINUED…)
Hearing Loss - In the U.S., an estimated 17% of adults have some level of hearing loss, which increases to 1 in 3 people after the age of 65.4 Agriculture is one of several industries heavily impacted by noise-induced hearing loss.5
Cardiovascular Disease – Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women.
Skin Cancer – Agricultural workers are in a high-risk category, as skin cancer rates are higher in farmers than in the general population.6
4 Hearing Loss Association of America – Basic Facts about Hearing Loss. http://www.hearingloss.org/content/basic-facts-about-hearing-loss5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: NIOSH Publications and Products: Work Related Hearing Loss. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2001-103/ 6 The Forum.(1997). http://ncsu.edu/ffci/publications/1997/v2-n3-1997-summer/skin-cancer.php. NC State University.
RISK FACTORS
Nature of work in agricultural settings and physical stress
Lack of protective equipment and/or safety awareness
Lifestyle factors Age Pre-existing health conditions
COMMON HEALTH & SAFETY HAZARDS IN FARMING AND RANCHING
Pesticides and Other Chemicals Operating Machinery Heavy Lifting Working with Livestock Noise Exposure Exposure to the Elements (more on this in the next
section) Tractor and Vehicle Accidents Rough/Unstable Terrain
THE BIG PICTURE OF HAZARD, RISK, INJURY & ILLNESS IN AGRICULTURE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
AgricultureMiningConstruc-tion
Year
Dea
th R
ate
(Dea
ths
Per 1
00,0
00
Wor
kers
)
Data from the National Safety Council® Injury Facts® 2008 and 2011 Editions
THE BIG PICTURE… (CONTINUED)
Nonfatal Injuries and Illnesses (2008)
MenWomen
Fatalities (2008)
MenWomen
Data from the National Safety Council® Injury Facts® 2011 Edition
Cases by Gender
THE BIG PICTURE… (CONTINUED)
Under 16 16-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
0500
1000150020002500300035004000
Fatalities and Nonfatal Cases by Age (2008)
Nonfatal CasesFatalities
Age
No.
of C
ases
Data from the National Safety Council® Injury Facts® 2011 Edition
THE BIG PICTURE… (CONTINUED)
Part of Body Affected in Nonfatal Cases (2008)
Head NeckTrunk Upper ExtremitiesLower Extremities Body SystemsMultiple All Other
•1, 550 vehicle-related cases
•1,090 cases due to machinery
•300 cases due to chemicals and chemical products
• Of the data provided, vehicle-related incidents accounted for the most fatalities with 323
Data from the National Safety Council® Injury Facts® 2011 Edition
WEATHER-RELATED INJURIES AND PREVENTION
Cold Weather Injury, Illness, and Prevention
- Frostbite- Hypothermia- Trench Foot - Slips and Falls
WEATHER-RELATED INJURIES AND PREVENTION
Heat-related Injury, Illness, and Prevention
- Heat Stroke- Heat Exhaustion- Heat Cramps
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IN AGRICULTURE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8ZhaIbEZN8&feature=relmfu America’s Farmers Webisode 11: “Challenges.”
“Put you in a mood you can’t describe…”
“That’s when you gotta pick yourself up…you’re pretty depressed and in the dumps when that happens.”
“Your whole livelihood is out there.”
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IN AGRICULTURE: COMMON HEALTH ISSUES
Depression
Stress – Multiple Related Factors
Suicide Risk
PTSD in Returning Veteran-Farmers
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IN AGRICULTURE: RISK FACTORS
Isolation in Rural Areas Reluctance to Seek Help Compounding Factors, Stressors and Underlying
Conditions
A PREVENTATIVE APPROACH: REINFORCING THE FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL HEALTH
Increase awareness of health issues and hazards Promote the use of protective equipment and utilizing
proper safety measures Increase access to health information and resources Promote self-care, healthy life-style choices and
preventative healthcare Prevent secondary injuries
FARMING AND RANCHING WITH A DISABILITY…
What is AgrAbility?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI3vChVHdoc&feature=player_embedded
AgrAbility: It’s About Hope. [Short Version]. Purdue University Extension.
FARMING AND RANCHING WITH A DISABILITY (CONTINUED…)
Role of Wyoming AgrAbility
Assistive Technology
Partners in Wyoming
Assistive Technology in Agriculture
Assistive Technology (Continued…)
FARMING AND RANCHING WITH A DISABILITY (CONTINUED…)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRvUYVei4G8&NR=1&feature=endscreen
What AgrAbility Means to Me – Don Trammel. National AgrAbility.
AGRICULTURAL HEALTH & SAFETY TRIVIA…
What does PPE stand for? What would some examples of PPE include? What does ROPS stand for? What are some of the resources in Wyoming for agricultural
workers with disabilities? Name three common health conditions/injuries… Why are agricultural workers at risk?
AS A FINAL NOTE…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48H7zOQrX3U
“I’m Farming and I Grow It.” The Peterson Farm Bros.
REFERENCES: -Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety http://www.aghealth.org.au/index.php?id=5061 -Rural Assistance Center http://www.raconline.org/topics/agri_health/ - Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety. (2009). Farm Health & Safety Tool Kit. - World Health Organization. Occupational health services in agriculture and rural areas: an urgent need for the healthy village campaign. http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/newsletter/newsletter_15_regions/en/index6.html- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Workplace Safety & Health Topics: Agriculture http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/agriculture/ -Virginia Cooperative Extension. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/442/442-085/442-085.html -CDC. Worker Safety on the Farm. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-137/ -Map http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/NCVDSS_DTM/-The Skin Cancer Foundation - http://www.skincancer.org/ -Farm Stress One http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/disaster/drought/old/dro-31.html -Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Workplace Safety & Health Topics: Heat Stress. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/ -ERS/USDA http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/WellBeing/demographics.htm -OSHA Fact Sheet: Farm Safety. (2005). http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/FarmFactS2.pdf -Fetsch, R.J. (June, 2011). Farming, ranching: Health hazard or opportunity? Fact Sheet No. 10.201. Consumer Series: Family. Colorado State University Extension. -National Safety Council. (2011). Injury Facts®, 2011 Edition. Itasca, IL: Author.-National Safety Council. (2008). Injury Facts®, 2008 Edition. Itasca, IL: Author.-Preventing Cold-Related Illness in Agricultural Workers. Wyoming AgrAbility.
THANK YOU!
Wyoming AgrAbility 1000 E. University Ave. Dept 3354
Laramie, WY 82071Toll free: (866) 395-4986
Phone: (307) 766-3052 http://www.uwyo.edu/agrability/default.html
Chelsea Hampton, MSW Randy Weigel, Ph.D. Former Project Coordinator Project Director(307)766-3052 (307) 766-4186