CULTURAL CHANGES

Multiculturalismand

Multicultural Education

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism• is a policy that emphasizes the

unique characteristics of different cultures, especially as they relate one another in receiving nations.

• The term is often used to describe societies which have many distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration.

Advantages of Multiculturalism

Advantages of Multiculturalism

Lead cultural exchangesAdd variety in the life of all

citizensBridges the chasm of

ignorance and arrogance

Lead cultural exchanges

The Filipino fastfood empire – Jollibee has gone global.

Lead cultural exchanges

VIETNAM. Fresh herbs and vegetables play a huge role in this country’s cuisine so it’s no wonder that a Garden Fresh Salad is found on their Jollibee menu. Along with Chicken Joy meals, they also offer Chicken Barbecue, Chicken Strips, and a Chicken Curry rice meal. For tangy palates, a Sweet & Sour Meatballs meal is also available.

Lead cultural exchangesQATAR. In meat-loving Qatar, Jollibee has introduced pita sandwiches, with a choice of beef strips of chicken slices. In addition to their beef burgers, they also offer a Crispy Chicken Burger in classic and spicy variants. Chilli chicken wings and a Macaroni Salad round up their special Qatar menu.

Lead cultural exchanges

SAUDI ARABIA. With a menu similar to Qatar’s, the Saudi Arabian version also offers Macaroni Salad and a Crispy Chicken Burger.

Lead cultural exchanges

BRUNEI. Bruneian cuisine is heavily influenced by its neighbors Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, so it’s no wonder that a dish like chicken curry makes its way to their Jollibee menu. Along with curry meals, they also offer Crispy Chicken Strips, Chicken Barbecue, a Crispy Chicken Burger with Cheese, a Pita Sandwich, and, get this—Double Cheese Fries. (Now wouldn’t you love seeing this on a future Jollibee PH menu!)

Read more at http://ph.she.yahoo.com/jollibee-menu-items-from-all-over-the-world-144040675.html

Add variety in the life of all citizens

Bridges the chasm of ignorance and arrogance

Disadvantages of Multiculturalism

Brings anxiety to stability of national identity

Creates national disunity

Questionable loyalties

ThreeReferents

ofMulticulturalism

1) Demographic-Descriptive

• the word multicultural refers to the existence of linguistically, culturally and ethnically diverse segments in the population of a society

2. Ideological-NormativeThis usage of multiculturalism

constitutes a specific focus towards the management and organization of governmental responses to ethnic diversity

Exclusion• process of progressive social

rupture, detaching groups and individuals from social relat ions and inst i tut ions and prevent ing them from ful l part ic ipat ion in the normal , normatively prescr ibed act iv i t ies of the society in which they l ive.

Apartheidinhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them

Apartheid

Apartheid

Ethnic Cleansingthe attempt to create ethnically homogeneous geographic areas through the deportation or forcible displacement of persons belonging to particular ethnic groups.

Ethnic Cleansing

Genocidethe deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race.

Genocide

Acts of Genocide Killing members of the group; Causing serious bodily or mental

harm to members of the group; Deliberately inflicting on the group

conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;.

Acts of Genocide Imposing measures intended to

prevent births within the group; Forcibly transferring children of

the group to another group

3) ProgRammatic-Political

• Usage of multiculturalism refers to the specific policies developed to respond and manage ethnic diversity

Canadian Multicultural Policy

• officially recognizes the importance of Canada’s multicultural heritage and states that the heritage must be preserved and promoted;

• recognizes the rights of Aboriginal peoples in Canada;

• states that while English and French remain the only official languages of Canada, other languages can be spoken;

Canadian Multicultural Policy

• states that all Canadian citizens have equal rights, regardless of any differences they might have and regardless of skin color, religion, country of birth, ethnic background, etc.; and

• recognizes the right of ethnic, linguistic, and religious minorities to keep their cultures, languages, and religious practices.

multicultural education

Multicultural Education

• Field of study and an emerging discipline whose major aim is to create equal educational opportunities from racial, ethnic, social class and cultural groups

James Banks’ Goals of ME:

• To transform school so that male and female students, exceptional students from diverse cultural, social-class, racial and ethnic groups experience an equal opportunity to learn.

James Banks’ Goals of ME:

• To help students to acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to function effectively in pluralistic democratic society

• To help students to acquire knowledge and commitments needed to make reflective decisions

James Banks’ Goals of ME:

• To promote democracy and democratic living

• To help students develop more positive attitudes toward different racial, ethnic, cultural and religious groups.

Four Approachesin Achieving Multicultural Education

1) Contributions Approach

2) Additive Approach3) Transformation

Approach4) Social Action Approach

1)Contributions ApproachThe ethnic heroes and holidays are

included in the curriculum.

1)Contributions ApproachThe ethnic heroes and holidays are

included in the curriculum.

2. Additive Approach• A unit or course is incorporated but

no substantial change is made to the curriculum as a whole

2. Additive Approach

2. Additive Approach

2. Additive Approach

3. Transformation Approach• Students are taught to view

events and issues from diverse ethnic and cultural perspectives.

4. Social Action Approach• Students not only learn to view

issues from multiple perspectives but also become directly involved in solving related problems.

Multicultural Education is a progressive approach for transforming education that holistically critiques and addresses current shortcomings, failings and discriminatory practices in education.

Multicultural Education is a grounded in the ideals of social justice, educations equity and a dedication to facilitating educational experiences in which all students reach their full potential as learners and as socially aware and active beings, locally, nationally and globally

Multicultural Education- Acknowledges that schools are essential to laying the foundation for the transformation of society and the elimination of oppression and social justice.

Multicultural Education- A field of study designed to increase educational equity for all students that incorporates content, concepts, principles, theories and paradigms from history, the social and behavioral sciences and ethnic and women studies.

Shared Ideals• Every student must have an

equal opportunity to achieve her or his full potential

• Every student must be prepared to competently participate in an increasingly intercultural society

Shared Ideals• Teachers must be prepared to

effectively facilitate learning for every individual student

• Schools must be active participants in ending oppression of all types

• Education must become more fully student-centered

Shared Ideals• Educators, activists and

others must take a more active role in reexamining all educational practice and how they affect the learning of all students

Dimensions of Multicultural Education

1) Content integration• It deals with the extent to

which teachers use examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to illustrate key concepts, principles, generalizations, and theories in their subject area or discipline. The infusion of ethnic and cultural content into a subject area is logical and not contrived when this dimension is implemented properly.

2) Knowledge construction process• describes teaching activities that

help students to understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of references, perspectives, and biases of researchers and textbook writers influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed. Students also learn how to build knowledge for themselves.

3) Prejudice reduction• seeks to help students

develop positive and democratic racial attitudes. It also helps students to understand how ethnic identity is influenced by the context of schooling and the attitudes and beliefs of dominant social groups.

3) Prejudice reductionThe theory developed by Gordon Allport (1954) has significantly influenced research and theory in intergroup relations. He hypothesized that prejudice can be reduced by interracial contact if the contact situations have these characteristics: (1) they are cooperative rather than competitive; (2) the individuals experience equal status; and (3) the contact is sanctioned by authorities such as parents, principals and teachers.

4) Equity pedagogy• An equity pedagogy exists when

teachers modify their teaching in ways that will facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse racial, cultural, socioeconomic, and language groups.

4) Equity pedagogyThis includes using a variety of teaching styles and approaches that are consistent with the range of learning styles within various cultural and ethnic groups. It also includes using cooperative learning techniques in math and science instruction to enhance the academic achievement of students of color.

5) Empowering school culture & social structure

• This dimension involves restructuring the culture and organization of the school so that students from diverse racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and language groups experience equality.

4) Empowering school culture & social structure

Grouping and labeling practices, sports participation, gaps in achievement among groups, different rates of enrollment in gifted and special education programs among groups, and the interaction of the staff and students across ethnic and racial lines are important variables that are examined and reformed.