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Themes of the 1920s
Flappers Prohibition Roaring Peacetime Age of Jazz Optimism Women Voting Harlem Renaissance
Gangsters/organized crime
Stock market crash Ku Klux Klan Violence/Rioting Religious Debate Mass Media
Rural – Urban Split
Urban areas became less traditional, more modernized– Economy was booming, cities were growing,
traditional values were questioned
Rural area held on to traditional values, manners, morals– Farmers experiencing downturn, wanted to preserve
traditional values, did not approve of urban lifestyle
The Changing Role of Women
Revolution of traditional values – Flappers– Women in the workforce– Voting Rights
A suffrage cartoon originally published before 1910 -- Original copyright: E.W. Gustin (Courtesy Library of Congress)
Prohibition
– Eliminate drunkenness and resulting abuse of family members
– Get rid of saloons where prostitution, gambling, and other vice thrived
– Prevent absenteeism and on-the-job accidents stemming from drunkenness
Goals of Prohibitionists:
18th Amendment ratified in 1919
Prohibition
What if selling, importing, and exporting of soft drinks became illegal?– Would you stop drinking soft drinks? – What would happen?– Who would benefit?– Who would suffer?– What effects would it have on society?
Organized Crime
Al Capone – ran organized crime in Chicago in the 1920s
Bootlegging, gambling, racketeering
Paid off politicians, police, and judges
Convicted of tax-evasion in 1931
Was Prohibition Successful?
Goals were: Eliminate drunkenness, saloons, prostitution, gambling, and other vice, absenteeism, on-the job accidents, etc.
– Washington D.C. Before Prohibition – 300 licensed saloons During Prohibition – 700 speakeasies and 4,000 bootleggers
– Massachusetts Before Prohibition – 1,000 licensed saloons During Prohibition in Boston – 4,000 speakeasies and 15,000
bootleggers
Urban vs Rural Values– Kansas – 95% obeyed they law– New York – 5% obeyed the law
1932 Campaign Ad
Prohibition was repealed under 21st Amendment in 1933
According to Mark Twain, “Prohibition drove “drunkenness behind doors and into dark places and [did] not cure or even diminish it.”
- Kenneth C. Davis
Religion
Fundamentalism gained popularity by 1920 just as traditional values were being challenged in urban America.
Fundamentalists believe that the Bible is literally true.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution conflicted with the Bible’s account of the history of creation.
Scopes Trial
– Prosecuted by Clarence Darrow – Defended by William Jennings
Bryan
John T. Scopes ignored the ban on teaching evolution in schools, was arrested and tried.
He argued that the decision to ban the teaching of evolution denied him personal and religious freedom guaranteed by the constitution.
Connections to Today
The cultural conflict continues:– Women in society
glass ceiling, stay at home moms, role in politics and business
– Legislation of private morality and personal habits drugs, prostitution
– Organized crime Drug wars, gang violence
– Religion – Church vs State Place of “God” in government, prayer in schools, Pledge
of Allegience, Celebration of Holidays