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Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

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Cultural Conformity & Adaptation. Chapter 3. Truth or Fiction. There are no values that are central to the American way of life. True: The population of the U.S. is extremely diverse and the variety of values Americans hold reflect this diversity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cultural Conformity & Adaptation Chapter 3
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Page 1: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Chapter 3

Page 2: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

There are no values that are central to the American way of life. True: The population of the U.S. is extremely

diverse and the variety of values Americans hold reflect this diversity

False: Values such as freedom, liberty, and democracy, are fundamental to America’s government, and as a result are central to the American way of life

Truth or Fiction

Page 3: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

The only reason people comply with the norms of society is to avoid being punished. True: Without laws and the threat of

punishment for breaking them, people would do whatever they desired .

False: People also conform to society norms to be accepted and liked, gain friends, and achieve positive results, such as success or awards.

Truth or Fiction

Page 4: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Cultures change at the same rate and for the same reasons. True: Although the world’s cultures may vary a

great deal, they are all changing continuously and for the same basic reasons, such as advances in technology.

False: The diversity of cultures and cultural values in the world illustrates that cultures change at different rates for different reasons.

Truth or Fiction

Page 5: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

1. Temperance: eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.

2. Silence: speak not but what may benefit others or yourself.

3. Order: let all your things have their places… 4. Resolution: resolve to perform what you

ought; perform without fail what you resolve 5. Frugality: make no expense but to do good to

other or yourself; i.e., waste nothing

Ben Franklin’s Virtues

Page 6: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

6. Industry: lose no time; be always employ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary action.

7. Sincerity: use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly….

8. Justice: wrong none by doing injuries… 9. Moderation: avoid extremes; forebear

resenting injuries, so much as you think they deserve

10. Cleanliness: tolerate no uncleanliness

Ben Franklin’s Virtues

Page 7: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

What do you think some of America’s core values are based on the Bill of Rights and Franklins virtues?

American Core Values?

Page 8: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Personal Achievement Surprise? America built on this idea and competition Evident in areas of employment Achievement often measured in power and

wealth Good or bad?

Traditional American Valuesby Robin M. Williams

Page 9: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Individualism Individual effort is key to personal

achievement Hard work and initiative = success Person is to blame if they don’t have success

Traditional American Values

Page 10: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Work Regardless of rewards involved, Americans

value it Discipline, dedication, and hard work = virtue Those who don’t are lazy or even immoral

Traditional American Values

Page 11: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Morality and Humanitarianism America founded on religious faith, belief in

justice, and equality Charity toward less fortunate Place high value on morality, view things right

from wrong Quick to help those who are less fortunate

Traditional American Values

Page 12: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Efficiency and Practicality Americans are practical and inventive people Every problem has a solution Find the most efficient technique for dealing

with a situation Determine the most practical response to issue

at hand

Traditional American Values

Page 13: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Progress and Material Comfort Americans have always looked to the future

with optimism Hard work and determination will lead to

improved living standards Belief in the ability of science and technology

to make the world better and more comfortable

High value of material comfort

Traditional American Values

Page 14: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Equality and Democracy U.S. founded on the principle of human

equality. “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal.”

Human equality=equal opportunity and chance at success

Not everyone will have equal success. Democracy

Traditional American Values

Page 15: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Freedom Personal freedoms (name some…think

Constitution) Try and protect these from government

interference in daily lives and business

Traditional American Values

Page 16: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Name some other values we have no discussed

Values are vital to a stable society Values can also lead to conflict

Not everyone agrees on what are acceptable American vales Individuals don’t always uphold all values the

same

Traditional American Values

Page 17: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Values are like all aspects of society…they change Some disappear, some new ones emerge

New American values? Leisure time, physical fitness, and youthfulness

Self-fulfillment: commitment to the full development of one’s personality, talents, and potential

This can be seen as narcissism: extreme self-centeredness

Our Changing Values

Page 18: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Some sociologists saw danger in focusing on the self Weakens the est. values of hard work and

moderation Some saw it as a beneficial change, moving

away from satisfaction based on material gain

1990’s Caring for the environment 2000’s caring less

Our Changing Values

Page 19: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

9 groups of 4 GROUP 1: Jazmin, Tia, Gabby, Alex GROUP 2: Keke, Daniel, Isis, David GROUP 3: Iman, Ellis, John, Kency GROUP 4: Catherine, Christian, Christina, Kemric GROUP 5: Asia, Ruvi, Megan, Giselle GROUP 6: Olivia, Ashley, Dazmen, Precious GROUP 7: Dakisha, Giordana, Kelli, Marcelo GROUP 8: Dillan, Antwanesha, Angel, Shavon GROUP 9: Nelson, Sylvia, Evelina, Lametrius

Group Up!

Page 20: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

GROUP 1: PERSONAL ACHIEVMENT GROUP 2: INDIVIDUALISM GROUP 3: WORK GROUP 4: MORALITY AND HUMANITARIANISM GROUP 5: EFFICIENCY AND PRACTICALLITY GROUP 6: PROGRESS AND MATERIAL COMFORT GROUP 7: EQUALITY AND DEMOCRACY GROUP 8: FREEDOM GROUP 9: LIESURE AND FITNESS

Group Up!

Page 21: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

You are to artistically demonstrate the American value you have been assigned

BE CREATIVE! EACH member WILL contribute or your grade

will suffer (I will be floating) Use the entire space given

Draw Some Knowledge On Me

Page 22: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Remember norms? What do norms reflect? Cultural values society deems important

For a functional society, norms must be upheld

Norms are enforced two ways: Internalization and Sanctions

Section 2. Social Control

Page 23: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

When a norm is believed to be good, useful, or appropriate…what do we expect?

Internalization: the way norms become part of our personality, conforming us to society’s expectations Cover your face when you sneeze or cough Having manners, “please” “thank you”

Internalization of Norms

Page 24: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Not everyone follows norms without conscious thought

Not everyone internalizes societies norms…some people must be motivated

Sanctions: are rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms

Four types of sanctions

Sanctions

Page 25: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Sanctions

Page 26: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior is a positive sanction Usually taught positive sanctions at an early

age… Give me some examples of positive

sanctions Parental praise for good behaviors Teachers remarks for good work or answers Employers give pay raises to dedicated/hard

workers Fans cheering for a great play

Positive Sanctions

Page 27: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

A punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity is a negative sanction Threat is usually enough to force

conformity Name some negative sanctions

“NO PARKING ZONE” “TOW AWAY ZONE” “NO LOITERING”

Negative Sanctions

Page 28: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

If rewards or punishments aren’t regular or don’t follow a particular behavior…what happens? Become meaningless and they lose their

power Formal sanctions: reward or

punishment given by a formal organization or agency School, business, or government Positive formal sanction? Negative formal

sanction?

Formal Sanctions

Page 29: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Formal sanctions play a major role in maintaining social stability

But the majority of norms are forced through…

Informal sanctions: spontaneous expression of approval given by an individual or group Positive: standing O’s, compliments,

smiles, gifts Negative: gossip, frowns, insults,

ridicule

Informal Sanctions

Page 30: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

The enforcing of norms through either internal or external means is called social control

Various agents of social control perform external enforcement through sanctions Police, courts, religion, family, public opinion

No society can survive long without an efficient system of social control

Social Control

Page 31: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Some cultures change faster than others The more culture traits, the faster change is

possible The automobile:

Changed transportation Employment Shopping Housing Leisure

Section 3. Social Change

Page 32: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Society is interrelated parts (says who?) Changes in society produce change throughout

Same for values and beliefs Ideology: beliefs or ideas that justify the

social, moral, religious, political, or economic interest held by a group or society Often spread through social movement: long

term effort to promote social change Examples?

Sources of Social Change: 6 Factors Values and Beliefs

Page 33: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Log onto a computer www.scoop.it Search: sociology, 3rd square down on left

(CCW Sociology- Social Movements) 3rd square down on the right: “Kony 2012

and the 5 craziest social movement in recent history”

Interwebs

Page 34: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Read through the 6 slides about the “5 craziest social movements in recent history”

Pick 1 movement, describe when at what it was/is, explain how social media helped, explain how this prompted social change, and lastly your opinion if you think it is/was/will have an impact on culture

CITE AND QUOTE EVERYTHING OR ITS PLAGARISM

Interwebs

Page 35: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Knowledge and tools used to manipulate the environment is also known as technology Technologies arise through discovery and

invention Discovery: new uses for existing elements or

understand thing in new ways Inventions: using existing knowledge to

create something new

Technology

Page 36: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Population brings changes to culture Immigrants bringing traditions, food, language

Affects economic demands for goods and services Affects how many jobs are available

Can create housing, food, & energy crises

Population

Page 37: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Diffusion: spreading culture traits from one society to another is called Mass transportation and communication Material culture/technology quicker than

ideas/beliefs Reformulation: adapting borrowed

cultural traits Diffusion is a 2 way street

Diffusion

Page 38: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

How can the physical environment affect culture? Some cultures rely on their land to plant crops

Some cultures import their foods The scarcity or intro. Of new foods can bring

cultural change How can a natural disaster change culture?

Building practices, preemptive measures, etc? Change in supply of natural resources can change

culture as well…how?

Physical Environment

Page 39: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

How does a war affect a culture? Rapid change in short time Replacing destroyed cities Producing war materials Advances in technology and medicine

Morphine, cell phones, radar, GPS

Wars and Conquest

Page 40: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Change almost always comes with opposition Interpersonal and Societal level

After time many accept the new ideas Others may never accept it, but adapt

Examples of societal change? Women in the workforce Gay marriage Pro choice

Resistance to Change

Page 41: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Using Africa, Americas, Asia, and Europe as categories, name the traits mentioned in the article according to their origin. How have Native Americans and immigrant

groups influenced American Culture? What can we conclude about the extent of

cultural diffusion that has taken place in the U.S.?

Think About It

Page 42: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

Some traits change rapidly, and the transformation of others may take considerable time, this is time is cultural lag Material culture changes faster than

nonmaterial School system: summer break

Cultural Lag

Page 43: Cultural Conformity & Adaptation

If we are comfortable do we like change? Imperfection is better than an unknown future

Vested interest is protecting or promoting whatever is to our own personal advantage

Oil crisis 1970…current?

Vested Interest


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