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Cultural considerations in flexible learningKate Timms-Dean, EDC
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Contents
The international context
Historical overview of the New Zealand context
Application of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi) to flexible learning
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
The international context
• Similar experiences amongst Indigenous and minority peoples around the world, including:
– Colonisation
– Oppression
– Language decline
– Cultural contraction
– Resource depletion
Farmer_Angel. (2007). Oppression.Accessed on May 22, 2009, from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/10260033@N08/965392377/.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
The international context
• Evidence that supports the idea that these experiences contribute to:
– Alienation from mainstream, “western” structures and institutions
– Cultural dislocation and language loss
– Poor educational attainment
– Low socio-economic status
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
The New Zealand context
• Te Tiriti o Waitangi – the Treaty of Waitangi 1840
– An agreement between Queen Victoria and Māori rangatira (chiefs)
– Signed in 1840
– Two different versions
• English version
• Māori version
deb sidelinger. (2006). te tiriti o waitangi.Accessed on May 22, 2009 from,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/debsidelinger/101506866/.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
The New Zealand context
• The English version
1. Chiefs give sovereignty to the Queen
2. The Queen guarantees the chiefs’ ownership of lands, resources and possessions
3. If Māori want to sell land, they must sell to the Queen or her agent
4. Māori are given the rights of British subjects
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Political implications of the English version
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
The New Zealand context
• The Māori version
1. Chiefs give complete governance to the Queen
2. The Queen guarantees the chiefs’ full authority over lands, villages and treasures
3. If Māori want to sell land, they can sell to the Queen or her agent at an agreed price
4. Māori are granted the same rights as the people of England
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Political implications of the Māori version
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Application of Te Tiriti to flexible learning
• The articles of Te Tiriti:
– Governance
– Authority
– Equity
Stephen Glauser. (2009). Treaty house @ Waitangi.Accessed on May 22, 2009, from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/glauser/3342585195/.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Application of Treaty articles
• Governance
– Consideration of cultural needs in the development, delivery, assessment and evaluation of flexible learning
GIALIAT. (2008). warning. Accessed on May 22, 2009, from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gialiat/2159415478/.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Application of Treaty articles
• Authority
– Recognition of cultural property rights
– Consultation with appropriate cultural representatives in development and delivery of flexible learning
-Kerryn-. (2007). Waitangi. Accessed on May 22, 2009, from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kerrynz/381504122/.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
Application of Treaty articles
• Equity
– Equitable access, retention and success in flexible learning
– Consideration of equity issues in development, delivery, assessment, evaluation and reflection
phinaphantasy. (2007). Comprehension-Understanding. Accessed on October 28, 2008, from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/phinaphantasy/1797951401/.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009
References
Ivison, D., Patton, P. & Sanders, W. (eds.). (2000). Political theory and the rights of Indigenous peoples. Cambridge, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Treaty Resource Centre. (2007). Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Auckland, New Zealand: Treaty Resource Centre.
Kate Timms-Dean, Otago Polytechnic 2009