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Creating Cultural Capital
Cultural Spaces for New Audiences
Amy Kaufman, Lord Cultural Resources
Table of Contents
• Changing Demographics and Behavior• Institutional Change • Design Implications
Interior, British Museum, London
Photo: fourmthree 10 Apr 2006/http://www.flickr.com/photos/51462625@N00/126331906/http://www.flickr.com/photos/51462625@N00/126331906/
The Louvre, Paris
Photo: Gregory Bastien 21 June 2008/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/gregory_bastien/2598585324/
It’s a New World
Technology was only the beginning…• New audiences, behaving in new ways• Funders are demanding real impact on "real people" • Budgets have been cut 10%-30%• Expansions and new buildings on hold
Museums are responding:• Emphasis on social engagement through relevant and interdisciplinary programming• New models for collection building and storage • New approaches to space
Changing Demographics
The Changing Face of America - 2034
Aging Baby Boomers
Acceleration of Minority
Populations
More Working Mothers
20% of the population will be 65+
46% of the population will be minorities
Women get married and
have kids later in life
http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/view?q=old%20active%20couple&psc=G&filter=1#5264346987601400226
Photo: Walt Jabsco/Picassa Photo: Karen Banez/Picassa
No Average American
Aging
Diversity
Internet
Multicultural
Multigenerational
Special Interest Groups
An Emerging Core Audience: Young Cosmopolitans
YoCos, young cosmopolitans, are turning modern and contemporary art institutions into hubs of social activity.
• 65% of all YoCos participated in cultural activities last year (vs. 35% of the general population)
• 36% visited museums (6.1 million)
• YoCos are:• Digital• Event driven• Fundamentally social• Guided by word of mouth
• Living in apartments – social activity is focused outside the home
Photo: Larry Williams/Picassa
Core Audiences are Evolving
Yo-CosBaby
Boomers
New
Families
THE ‘CREATIVE CLASS’Cultural Tourists
Changing Behavior
Activity Clustering
Activities Must Deliver More Than Ever Before:
Allow people to “Make a Day of It” (Clustering)
Be worth their Time
Offer “Bang for your Buck”
Photo: Royalty-Free/Corbin/Picassa
Attendance Rising at Active Museums Types
Visitors are seeking out active, participatory, family friendly experiences.
Median Attendance 2009Science or Tech Museum 357,103Living Collections* 208,574Children’s or Youth Museum 130,870Natural History or Anthropology 58,176Art Museum 44,878General Museum 58,500Overall Average 26,500Specialized Museum 22,000Historic Home or Site 11,700History Museum 10,000
*In 2009, AAM consolidated Zoos/Aquariums, Arboretum/Botanic Gardens and Nature Centers into one category called “Living Collections”
Audiences Trending toward Locals
Tourism is down, but local attendance is projected to increase.• 28% of respondents to a recent national study expect to increase attendance at museums in the next 6 months (66% expect to remain the same)1
• 7 out of 10 looking for: convenient schedule, discounted programs, free events and exhibitions
• Attracting repeat visits will become more important than ever before
•35% of surveyed museums in the UK have seen an increase in visitors, with many reporting record figures2
1 LaPlaca Cohen/AMS forthcoming study
2 The Art Fund, “Culture Crunch? The Art Fund Museum Survey – Sept 2008 – March 2009
New Modes of Communication
Visitors are regularly using new technologies.
• Walker Center “Art on Call”
• Cell phone tour
• Web with 2.0
• MP3 podcasts
• The visitor experience now starts at home – or on a PDA
• Almost half of ticketing projected to be done online
Photo: Fire Monkey Fish 29 Oct 2004/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mmewuji/1136537/
Institutional Change
“The museum is like a living, cultural being. It’s an active space, a thinking space.”
Pieranna Cavalchini, Curator of Contemporary Art, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
From Aggregating to Civil Society Institutions
Emphasis on Collections
Emphasis on Programming
Photo: Craig Stevens 19 Jan 2009http://www.flickr.com/photos/beantown/3209643011/
Photo: Walters Art Museum 7 July 2009/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/walters-art-museum/3697505361/
Social Engagement as the Primary Driver
Museums are promoting the social context as integral to the experience.• Centre Pompidou - a complete multifaceted experience
• Orange County Museum of Art - Orange Lounge, a multimedia space that targets youth
• Museums in general - prime sources for building
“social capital”
•Harvard Business School Alumni –
The Contemporaries
•Art Circle – 10 New York arts groups
•Young Professionals of Milwaukee – Art Mob
Art Production as Part of the Experience
Museums are increasingly taking on the role of studio and lab to integrate production into the visitor experience.
• Museum of Art and Design, New York
• Greene Family Learning Gallery, High Museum, Atlanta
Photo: http://www.madmuseum.org/DO/
Open%20Studios.aspx
Photo: bittermelon 2 July 2008/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/bittermel
on/2632812256/in/photostream/
Focusing on the Community
Community centric initiatives are being rewarded through increased visitation and greater impact.
• Brooklyn Museum has reached out to its immediate community by:
• Welcoming everyone• Producing social and family programming – Target First Saturdays• Taking in travelling blockbusters• Reimagining permanent collection• Creating a point of differentiation: The Sackler Center for Feminist Art
• NOMA saw record attendance at the Rodrigue “Blue Dog” exhibition which dealt with Hurricane Katrina and incorporated social events.
Partnerships & Alliances
Museums are leveraging partnerships and alliances in new ways to.
• The Mori in Tokyo admits visitors to the mixed use development for free
• Munch and Stenersen are co-locating to tell a bigger story
• Space carved out in Federal Hall for partnership with NYC & Co.
Mori Tower, TokyoPhoto: s.yume/ 11 Sept 2009/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/syume/3911042876/in/photostream
Interdisciplinary Endeavors
Cultural institutions are blurring boundaries and emerging as catalysts of interdisciplinary investigation.
• The Lab at Belmar –Mixed Tastes: Tag Team Lectures on Unrelated Topics (Marxism and Kittens, Silent Films and Counterfeit Currency, Tamales and Literary Memoirs, Walt Whitman and Whole Hog Cooking), Spoken word and musical performances• Le Laboratorie – Collaborations and innovation in Art Science• Works & Process at the Guggenheim
Visitor Curated Content
Museums are forging deeper relationships with visitors by allowing them to drive narrative.• MoMA: “unauthorized” podcast has led to visitor clips posted on website
• Musetrek – Web 2.0 application for PDAs currently in testing at the Louvre
•My Collection – Acoustiguide and HP technology, allows collection items to be bookmarked and downloaded after tour Photo: http://www.musetrek.com/
Implications for Design
Beyond Galleries and Lobbies
• Active experiences
• Welcoming for both savvy and first time visitors
• Providing for both formal and informal education
• Displaying collection in new ways
• Maximum flexibility
• Comfortable for all ages
• Setting the scene for social interaction
• Lobbies – less ticketing, more service?
Campuses and Mixed-Use Environments
Institutions continue to link in cultural clusters to attract a critical mass of local and tourists.• Dallas Cultural District
• Galicia’s City of Culture
• Abu Dhabi’s Saadiyat IslandWyly Center, Dallas Arts District
Photo: Iwan Bann/ New York Times
Saadiyat Island, Abu DhabiPhoto: Abu Dhabi Tourism Development and Investment Corporation
Transparency and Permeability
There is a deliberate movement away from imposing “institutional” buildings to create places of meaning and community.
• Contemporary Art Center, Cincinnati
• Brooklyn Museum, New York
•Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University
Brooklyn Museum, BrooklynPhoto: Joe Architect/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/joearchitect/2673291934/
Back of House Moves to the Front
Institutions are leveraging all their activities to provide a more robust visitor experience. • California Academy of Sciences
• Chicago Botanic Garden
• Lunder Center, Smithsonian Museum of American Art
California Academy of Sciences
Larger, Flexible Volumes
Institutions are preparing to deliver new and unexpected forms of exhibitions and performance. • Park Avenue Armory, New York
•National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, DC
• King Abdulaziz Center for Knowledge and Culture, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
Ernesto Neto “Anthropodino”, Park Avenue Armory Photo: www.armoryonpark.org
Kind Abdulaziz Center for Knowledge and Culture, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
Social Spaces
Social spaces are no longer an afterthought.• Orange Lounge, Orange County Museum of Art
• Y2K Lounge, Rubin Museum of Art, New York
• SFMoMA, Sculpture Garden and Café
•Children’s Museum of Manhattan
Y2K Lounge, Rubin Museum of Art, New YorkPhoto: Chang Lee/ The New York Times
Visible Storage
Collections are being made accessible and helping visitors to understand the challenges and possibilities of curatorial work. • University of Michigan Art Museum, Ann Arbor
• Brooklyn Museum, New York
• Darwin Center, London
New York Historical Society, New York
Education Centers and “Hot-Spots”
As museums serve increasingly diverse audiences formal and informal learning spaces are becoming “must haves.”
• Education Center at the New Museum, New York: Museum as Hub, Resource Center
• ICA, Boston: Mediatheque
• Denver Art Museum: hotspots
•California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: Naturalist Center and learning stations
Mediateque CenterInstitute of Contemporary Art, Boston
Photos: Franchphotos/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/frankphotos/2797696288/
Project Spaces and Artists in Residence
Project spaces and artist studios are now planned rather than adapted by curators in need of flexible space.• Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego
• Park Avenue Armory, New York
• August Wilson Center, Pennsylvania
Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego
Photo: Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego
Retooling Existing Spaces
Museums are reconsidering plans to expand and opting to reconfigure existing space.
San Jose Art Museum, California
Grouping, Regrouping and Getting Comfortable
Cultural spaces are not known for comfort. Visitors rarely arrive at urban cultural institutions feeling composed.
• Driving destinations are simpler and even allow people to be processed in their cars.
• The new Brooklyn Museum entrance provides outdoor seating, space to breathe and group, public restrooms, coat check, and NO pressure to hurry through and buy a ticket.
Interior Brooklyn Museum, New York
Photo: Tommaync 11 May 2008/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/perke/368141117/
Universal Design and Access
As active Boomers age and intergenerational visitation increases, universal access will become critical - and expected.Following ADA guidelines may not be enough. Are there perfect examples of universally accessible cultural spaces?
• Newseum
Newseum, Washington D.C.
Photo: Afagen 10 Dec 2007 http://www.flickr.com/photos/afagen/2101181909/
Design Implications
Changes in Demographics
Changes in Behavior
Changes in Institutions