Culturally Competent Equine Assisted Psychotherapy
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
PBJ Connections, Inc. Founded in Central Ohio in 2006
Two locations
Serving Deaf/HOH clients for three years
Provide individual, family group EAP to youth/families
Focus on behavioral and mental health issues
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Deafness as a Disability
Audiology
Etiology
Prevalence
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Etiology
Malformations Genetic determinants
Waardenburg Syndrome Usher’s Syndrome
Birth trauma/prematurity Illness
Rubella Meningitis Infections
Aging Exposure or physical trauma
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Prevalence of Hearing Loss
Compiled by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). June 2010
82
70
53
18
30
47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Adults 45-64 Adults 65-74 Adults 75+
Percentage of Hearing Impairment in General Population
Hearing
Hearing Impairment
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Prevalence of Hearing Loss - Continued
Compiled by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). June 2010
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Prevalence of Hearing Loss - Continued
Compiled by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). June 2010
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Deaf Culture Quiz (True/False) American Sign Language is “iconic” or picture-like.
ASL is used around the world.
Many Deaf parents use spoken English with their children
Most Deaf persons read at a 4th grade equivalency
level.
Only people with hearing loss can be members of the Deaf Community.
Lip-reading comes easily to Deaf people.
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Add picture
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Deafness as a Cultural Minority A minority is a sociological group that is subnormal
with respect to a dominant group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth and political power.
The Deaf community is often regarded as a linguistic and cultural minority rather than a disabled group, and many Deaf people do not see themselves as disabled at all. Rather, they are disadvantaged by technologies and social institutions that are designed to cater for the dominant group.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_group Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Aspects of Deaf Culture Language
(ASL/English sample) Values & Beliefs
Collective not individualistic (other cultures) Behavioral Norms
(attention getting, leave taking, “blunt”) Literary traditions and arts History Shared institutions
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Audism Institutionalized oppression - Subtle long-term conditioning of the
public to view the minority group members as less than; the marginalization is normalized and accepted by the public.
Ambivalence - Mixed negative feelings about oneself based on society’s view of being deficit.
Fatalism or passivity - Passively taking whatever happens, feeling that you can do nothing to change things.
Horizontal violence - Frustration at the disenfranchisement resulting in violence and hostility that members of an oppressed group take out on one another.
Benefactors are perfect - Mistaking privilege for perfection. Emotional dependence on the oppressor - Feeling powerless and
believing only members of the majority group can change things. Fear of freedom - Wanting but simultaneously fearing equality and
empowerment. Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
From: So You Want to Be An Interpreter ,3rd Edition
Potential Treatment Benefits Parentified Child (Parent/Child role reversal)
Empowerment
Language/communication
Behavioral management
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Clinical Aspects Theoretical approach
Pre-treatment issues
Length of treatment
Cultural competence of treatment team
Systemic buy-in
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Systemic Epistemology Cultural/Political
Professional
Informal Network
Family
Psychological
Biological
From Harvey, 1989
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Service Delivery Language variables with Deaf/HOH clients
Interpreting variables
Environmental variables
Equine Variables
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
What we’ve learned… Interpreting has its limitations
“Buy-in” by vested interests is crucial
Pre-treatment needs to be considered
Impact of Team’s non-verbal/facial expressions on Deaf clients
Motivation is conditional
Repetition is not redundant
Equine language has imitations
Culturally competent staff is necessary
Modifications we have made
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Future plans for PBJ Connections Deaf Services After school groups with Deaf/HOH clients
School-based groups with Deaf/HOH clients
Addition of Deaf clinician to staff
Seeking to add Deaf equine specialist to staff
Addition of pre-treatment sessions for Deaf/HOH
clients
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Resources ADA Information Services
http://www.ada.gov Gallaudet Research Institute
http://wwwgri.gallaudet.edu National Association of the Deaf
http://nad.org Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf
http://www.rid.org
CopyrBght PBJ Connections - 2011
Additional Resources Michael A. Harvey, Psychotherapy with Deaf and
Hard of Hearing Persons: A Systemic Model Neil Glickman, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for
Deaf and Hearing Persons with Language and Learning Challenges
Elizabeth Bruce & Cynthia Shultz, Non-Finite Grief and Loss: A Psychoeducational Approach
Janice Humphrey & Bob Alcorn, So You Want To Be An Interpreter? (3rd Edition)
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011
Contact Information Holly Jedlicka, MSW, LISW
http://www.pbjconnections.org
(614) 395-1395 [email protected]
Karen T. Tinsley, MA, CI, NCC, LPC-CR
(614) 353-1567
Copyright PBJ Connections - 2011