CULTURE OF POLISH-LITHUANIAN PERIOD

In 1452 Volyn fell under Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Contemporaries called it “Rich Pospolyta”). In 1471 Kyiv

becoming part of the Kingdom. Kyivan Rus’ lost independence. Ukraine becoming part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was under the influence of Western

culture. Because in Ukraine began to penetrate

influence of Western cultures, especially

influence of the Renaissance.

Differences between eastern and western culture

Influence of Greek culture

CatholicismOrthodox

social hierarchy equality before the law

Influence of Latin (Roman) culture

Eastern culture

(Byzantine)

Western culture (Rome)

Ukrainian students, who studied and sometimes even taught in Western

universities, favoured the development of Western culture in

Ukraine.

There were:

Yuri Kotermak-Drogobych (c. 1450-1494), Lukash of Nove Misto (? - 1542)

Pavlo Rusyn (? -1517)

Yuriy Kotermak-Drogobych (c. 1450-1494)  Ukrainian philosopher, astronomer, Professor, Rector of the

University of Bologna (Italy), Professor of the University of Krakow.

In Ukraine were brought not typical for Byzantium and Kiyvan Rus’ ideas - the idea of social equality, social arrangements, natural law. Stanislaw Orichowskiy-Roxolan (1513-1566) developed these ideas in his works.

Stanislaw Orichowskiy-Roksolan (1513-1566)

In architecture became popular the Gothic and Romanesque styles

Hotyn’Hotyn’ fortress fortress

Polish Tower (Kamenetz-Podolskyj)

Chortkiv fortress

Church of the Holy Spirit in Rogatyn

In painting prevailed a wall-painting, especially on topic "Passion of Jesus Christ“.

Ukrainian artists found a manner of realistic expression of man.

Konstjantyn in OstrogKonstjantyn in Ostrog Kryshtof in ZbarazchKryshtof in Zbarazch

National feature of Ukrainian iconography was sincerity, warmth and humanity.

However, among the thinkers were opponents of Western

culture.

Especially, “Ostrog Cultural Centre” distinguished oneself in orthodox Byzantism. This centre was founded in 1576 by Prince

Konstantin in Ostrog.

Ostrog Cultural Center included the first in Eastern Europe college, scientific and literary circle (study group) and first in Eastern Europe publishing.

Ostrog college was founded in 1583. It was like at Western European college, however it

advocated Byzantine values. In Western Europe was trilingual (Greek-Latin-Jewish)

education , bat in Ostrog college practiced a Slavic-Greek-Latin education.

At that time many famous Ukrainian thinkers was related with Ostrog cultural center:

Cyrylo Lukaris (1572-1638),Cleric in Ostrog (? - ?)Basyl Surazkiy (? – 1604/1608)John Knyahynytskyj (? - 1621/22)Stephan Zizaniy (1555-1600)Meletij Smotrytskiy (1575-1633)Zachariy Kopystenskiy (1590-1627)Ivan Vyshenskiy (1550-1620).

They were noted for theirs polemical writings. They struggled against Western cultural values.

Ivan Fedorov(1510/1530-1583). In 1564 he published in

Moscow, his first book - "The Apostle."

In 1566 he left Moscow and moved to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1574 he compiled and published the first East Slavic "ABC".

In 1578 moved to Ostrog, where he founded a printing press.

"Stronghold" of Byzantism were also orthodox brotherhood. They fighted against catholization.

The most famous brotherhood were Lviv and Kiyv brotherhood.

At that time in Lviv Bratherhood worked:

• Cyrylo Trankvilion-Stavrovets'kyi (? - no later than 1646),

• Pamvo Berynda (1555/60-1632)

In Kyiv Brotherhood worked:

• Kalistr Sakovych (1578-1647)• Homa Yevlevych (? - no later than

1647)

and others

Thus, in Ukraine. emerged confrontation of traditional Byzantism with Western influences.

This conflict between supporters of the "West" and "East" exists until now.