Idling Myths How Much is Enough?

Presented by: Ross Somerville

Cummins Western Canada

Topics

§  History: It all started out good. §  Who started this practice? §  Myths & Facts. §  Impacts on the engine from idling. §  How much is enough? §  New Technologies to reduce idling. §  Q & A .

Interest in idling…

How did this nasty habit start?

§  1932 First Diesel Powered Truck §  Massive diesel engines had very

high parasitic loads §  Engine oils were heavy and

created “drag” when cranking §  Static injection timing made

diesels poor starting engines §  Heat was needed for

compression and ignition

How did this nasty habit start?

§  Poor batteries & cranking systems did not guarantee the next start

§  Fuel was cheap §  Cab heat was poor §  Air Conditioning Option §  Air brake storage tanks leaked §  Solution: “Just let it idle”.

Who started it?

Ø  The owners – needed reliable deliveries Ø  The manufactures – poor starters Ø  The industry “experts” – created fear Ø  Operators – truck stop myths and tales.

Myths & Facts

D Diesels must idle or they won’t restart D Diesels create more heat by idling D Diesel don’t burn much fuel at idle D Its good for the engine to idle it D The neighbours don’t mind .

Impacts of engine idling

§  It’s a fuel economy penalty = 2.5 – 4.5 litres per/hr §  It’s the most inefficient mode - emissions §  Fuel contamination of lube oil is high at idle §  Cylinder wall wear is accelerated by “wash down” §  Short term idling actually “over cools” the engine §  Engine life can be reduced by up to 20% §  500 hrs of idling = 64000 miles of wear §  Noise emissions.

How much is enough?

§  Realistic goal of 10% or less –  3-5 mins. only after a hard pull (temp stabilization)

§  Poor Example: –  30% Idle (non revenue generating time) –  888 gals burned at idle –  Idle cost for fuel only @ $3.64 / gal = $3232.00

§  Good Example: –  7% Idle (non revenue generating time) –  256 gals burned at idle –  Idle cost for fuel only @ $3.64 / gal = $932.00

New Technologies

ü Owner & Driver Education “Best” ü Driver can adjust low idle speeds 600 – 800 RPM ü Electronic torque limiting when vehicle is not moving ü Programmable Idle Shutdown = 3 – 60 mins. ü Electronic Driver Reward Systems = rewards for good

behaviour with more speed or horsepower

New Technologies

ü Idle Control Systems: •  Does not require a driver in the vehicle •  Automatically starts and stops the engine at idle •  Goal is to maintain block temp of 16 C in cold

temps (49 C oil temp) •  Maintain a minimum battery voltage for starting

(12.2 volt activate) •  Maintain a pre set “sleeper” temperature .

New Technologies

ü High Output Block and Oil Pan Heaters ü Auxiliary Gensets 4-5 kW, = AC & Heater ü Diesel fired heating systems ü Cylinder cut out technology ü Introduction of ULSF & Diesel Particulate

Filters .

Summary

L Idling wastes fuel L Idling reduces engine life L Idling generates harmful emissions L Idling is a revenue negative operation J  Idling can be minimized .

My last words… Diesels have made great progress compared to 1970

Today’s Heavy Duty Truck Diesel: C 100% more power C  50% better fuel economy C  400% longer engine life C  Costs 50% less in constant dollars C  Most importantly it has 90% reduction in

exhaust emissions .

Thank You..

August 21, 2012

Beyond EPA 2013 - Evolution of Technology

CO2 thru Fuel

Efficiency

Aftercooling

Diesel Particulate Filter

Selective Catalytic Reduction

Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Electronic Fuel Systems

NOx, PM

OBD

Rock Solid Rules § Idle time is costly! Every HOUR of idle time can decrease fuel efficiency by 1%. § Less Idling decreases fuel consumption resulting in less emissions (GHG), and a smaller carbon footprint. § Idling increases maintenance and reduces component durability.

Cost of Engine Idling – Fuel Consumption §  Idle time can significantly affect the vehicle’s fuel efficiency.

§ Overall, Up to 10% impact on MPG. § The vehicle uses the most diesel fuel when

the engine runs and the truck doesn’t move. §  Idle/PTO fuel consumption increases exponentially

with engine speed. Almost double with SCR Engines.

Idle/PTO Fuel Consumption Engine Speed RPM Average Fuel Consumption (Gal/Hr) 650 ~0.5 1000 ~1.0 1200 ~1.5

§ When idling is necessary to maintain cab/bunk compartment temperatures, select the lowest idle speed possible to maintain cab heat.

§ Select the lowest idle speed possible to maintain engine temperature of 140 F Degree in winter operation.

Cost of Engine Idling – Maintenance § AFTERTREATMENT

– Idling results in inefficient combustion, increasing your soot-load downstream into your AFTERTREATMENT.

– AFTERTREATMENT plugs; requiring a REGENERATION; burning MORE diesel fuel to clean DPF of soot-load.

– Increased regenerations decreases the life of the catalyst filters. $1,500-2,000/each.

– Today You pay in fuel THREE times for extra idling.

§ ENGINE FAN – If fan is engaged during idling, it results in additional

fuel consumption. – Creates a dust-storm under the hood,

reducing air-cleaner life AND engine life. – Reduces Fan Clutch life for when you really need it –

to cool down the engine.

Cost of Engine Idling – Durability § While the engine is running,

You are wearing-out all of these components prematurely: – Air-compressor – Fan Clutch – Belts and Idler Pulleys – Alternator – Water Pump – Turbo (very expensive turbo today) – Injectors (thru increased regenerations) – Aftertreatment Exhaust System, and components – Air Intake system: Air cleaners, EGR Valves

– Every part on the engine……

How do I reduce Idling?

• Shut it off ! • Utilize Electronic Engine Controls • Auxiliary Heaters

• Diesel Fired Heaters; set on timer • Electric Heaters via Shorepower • DC Battery Power Units Heat/AC • APU’s for Hotel loads

• Don’t bump-up Idle speed.

Programmable Engine Features §  Idle Shutdown §  Idle Shutdown in PTO §  Idle Shutdown Override § Ambient Temperature Shutdown Override § Driver Reward

How do I manage Idling? § You can’t manage anything without an effective means to measure it. § You can’t change behaviors unless you have good data to validate your goals.

www.powerspec.cummins.com

-Computer Based -For ISB, ISC, ISL, ISM, ISX, Celect+ (since 1996) -Read Trip Info -Read Fault Codes -Set Features and Parameters

-Requires DataLink Connector

REQUIRES InLine 6 Data Link Kit #2892092, $897.00

www.quickcheck.cummins.com QuickCheck 5200

-Rugged Hand-held Tool -Trip Information Reporting -Set Features & Parameters -Read Fault Codes

-Universal, works with all engines communicating over the J1939 DataLink

-Synchronizes with Computer thru USB -$1,059 Kit with Case -Includes Connectors -Part #4919189

Summary…. § You do the math….. § Every Drop of fuel saved goes right to the bottom-line $ $. § You pay three times in fuel burned for Idling today. § Reduce Green-House Gases.

§ Reduce Maintenance Costs.

The days of casual Idling are over…..

Delivering the right technology with the right support …. On time, EveryTime.

Depend On Cummins! THANK YOU.

Our Commitment

Appendix

Ambient Temperature Override

Year: 2017

Year: 2014 Baseline

400

450

500

550

600

Vocational (FTP) Tractor

(SET)

555

460

567

475

584

490

g C

O2 /

bhp

-hr

Year: 2017 Year: 2014 Baseline

Heavy Heavy-Duty

Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Standards

2014 2017 Vocational 3% 5% Tractor 3% 6%

Year: 2017

Year: 2014 Baseline

400

450

500

550

600

650

Vocational (FTP) Tractor

(SET)

576

487

600

502

630

518

g C

O2 /

bhp

-hr

Year: 2017 Year: 2014 Baseline

Medium Heavy-Duty

2014 2017 Vocational 5% 9% Tractor 3% 6%

Medium-Duty Diesel Engine Standards

Regulatory Framework

4 5 6 Class 7 & Class 8

Tractor EnginesExisting SET Test

3% by 2014, 6% by 2017

Pickups and Vans

Vehicle ChassisWork Factor

10% for Gasoline15% for Diesel

2014-18 Phase-In

Vocational EnginesExisting FTP Test

3-5% by 2014, 5-9% by 2017 (Diesel)5% by 2016 (Gasoline)

Vocational Combination Tractors

TractorsVehicle Simulation

3-15% by 2014

14k!

16k lbGVW

16k!

19.5k lbGVW

19.5k!

26k lbGVW

26k!

33k lbGVW

33k!

80k lbGVW

HD Pickup Trucks & Vans

Vocational VehiclesVehicle Simulation

2-3% by 2014 (Tires)

TrailersFuture

HybridsVehicle and Power Pack Certification Options

Class 2B & Class 38.5k!

10k lbGVW

10k!

14k lbGVW