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CURES & PREVENTSETHANOL FUEL PROBLEMS

TODAY’S NEW FUELS DEMAND NEW ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGYStar Tron® Immediately Improves/Restores Fuel Quality

ETHANOL FUEL PROBLEMSETHANOL FUEL PROBLEMS

Ideal For All Ethanol Blends: E5, E10, E15+

Star Tron® is an amazing fuel treatment based on naturally occurring enzymes. Although this is a very unique application of enzyme technology, we encounter various enzymes in our everyday lives. For example, enzymes in laundry detergents break down dirt and stains so that they may be easily washed away, even in cold water. Enzymes in the human digestive system break down food into components that are easily used by the body to produce energy. Functioning as biocatalysts, enzymes increase and control the rate of chemical reactions. Star Tron® uses highly specialized enzymes to modify how gasoline and diesel fuel burns, the end result being more complete and uniform combustion. This same enzyme package cleans the fuel delivery system and combustion chambers, stabilizes fuel chemistry and reduces engine emissions.

Increasing Power and Improving Fuel Economy, Reducing Emissions

All engines - whether new or old, powering boats, cars, trucks, lawn mowers, motorcycles, RVs or anything else - are not always operating at peak effi ciency and thus not burning the entire fuel charge. Two examples are when an engine is idling or under extreme load such as a vehicle towing a trailer or a boat accelerating to planing speed. Incomplete combustion wastes fuel, but it also causes a buildup of harmful carbon deposits that further reduce engine effi ciency, resulting in harmful emissions. By breaking apart large clusters of fuel molecules to create more surface area, additional oxygen can react during the fuel combustion phase, resulting in a more complete burn of the fuel charge, improved fuel economy, engine power, throttle response and reduced toxic emissions. Star Tron removes carbon deposits, keeping engines clean and operating at peak performance. Carbon monoxide is also greatly reduced. Diesel soot is now classifi ed as a carcinogen and a toxic air contaminant. Continued use of Star Tron®-modifi ed diesel fuel can reduce soot by a signifi cant amount.

Cleaning Injectors, The Fuel Delivery System and Combustion Chambers While Removing Carbon Build-Up

When more of the fuel charge is burned there is a dramatic drop in the formation of performance-robbing carbon deposits. After several hours of operating with Star Tron®-treated fuel, the engine’s concussive forces will knock existing carbon deposits off the pistons, completely cleaning the combustion chamber without the use of harsh carbon-removing additives. Because the enzymes in Star Tron® are naturally powerful surface-active agents, deposits are removed from the fuel tank, fuel lines, injectors, valves, pistons and spark plugs. Star Tron® accomplishes these cleaning tasks quickly and at the lowest per gallon cost of any product on the market.

Once existing carbon deposits are removed and future deposit formation is prevented, knocking and pinging (pre-detonation) are eliminated. Engines develop full power while running smoother and quieter. An added benefi t of a deposit-free combustion chamber is that fuel burns at a properly controlled rate, helping to greatly boost fuel economy.

Microbial Growth In Fuel

When gasoline or diesel fuel sits in a tank with excessive air space, the daily temperature changes produce condensation (water formation) on tank walls. This water falls into the fuel where it sinks to the bottom providing a breeding ground for microbial spores that feed on hydrocarbon fuels. Known as “diesel algae” these are primarily fungi, yeast and mold contaminants. If left untreated, diesel algae will ruin the fuel causing clogs in fi lters, fuel lines and injectors. Common treatment for this problem up until now has been the use of a biocide to kill existing growth and prevent a future infestation. However, the use of a biocide can cause other problems. Once the growth is killed, the resulting biomass settles to the tank bottom where it decays, forming organic acids. The acids then deteriorate the fuel and can cause corrosion of the tank walls, injectors and fuel delivery system. Additionally, biocides can be harmful to all those who handle them or come in contact with treated fuel, plus they can cause environmental damage if spilled. Star Tron® uses its enzyme technology to disperse bacteria throughout the fuel. These particles are then either safely burned away or fi ltered out.

Treating Water In Fuel

Water can end up in your gas or diesel as a result of condensation in the tank. Excessive water in fuel causes wear on moving parts in fuel pumps and can damage fuel injectors. Additionally, water supports the growth of fungi, mold and yeast in fuel. Dead biomass accumulates on the tank bottom with the water and decays into mildly acidic solutions. This clogs fi lters and causes poor engine performance. Star Tron®’s naturally-occurring enzymes reduce interfacial surface tension between fuel and water. The molecular cluster size is greatly reduced, allowing more water to be dispersed throughout the fuel. These sub-micron sized droplets are safely eliminated as the engine operates. With routine use of Star Tron®-treated fuel, water is eliminated from the fuel tank, preventing corrosion. Star Tron® can reduce the amount of water in petroleum-based fuels without using alcohol or emulsifi ers which can harm rubber fuel lines and engine components and can take fuel out of ASTM specifi cations.

Ethanol-Enhanced Gasoline

The emissions-reducing additive MTBE that has been put into gasoline for years was found to contaminate water supplies. As a result, MTBE is being eliminated throughout the U.S. and replaced by up to 15% ethanol. When used up quickly, ethanol-enhanced gas usually does not present major diffi culties for users. In boats and RVs that tend to use up fuel less frequently however, the new ethanol gas does in fact create problems. Ethanol has a great affi nity for water and as a result, this new formulated fuel can cause a water layer to form (phase separation) and gelling to occur. Additionally, ethanol is an excellent solvent that can attack sludge buildup in fuel tanks and cause fuel fi lters to clog frequently. Star brite Star Tron® can prevent these problems from occurring and can also reverse the problems if they already exist.

Stabilizing Fuel Chemistry

Diesel fuel and gasoline are not formulated to be stored for more than 90 days. After this period of time they begin to oxidize, forming gum, sludge, varnish and other harmful deposits. The ability of the fuel to burn properly is diminished as its chemical components start to break down. Star Tron® uses its enzyme technology to maintain fuel quality and slow the deterioration of fuel components. Gasoline or diesel fuel treated with Star Tron® has a shelf life in excess of two years.

Once hydrocarbon fuels deteriorate, the process of cleaning and rejuvenating them is extremely expensive. Enzymes contained in Star Tron® can in fact “repair” old and fouled diesel fuel and eliminate sludge, varnish and water. The performance of old or otherwise sub-standard gasoline may also be greatly enhanced through improved combustion characteristics and the removal of gums and varnish. Star Tron can improve octane in old, sub-standard ornon-spec gasoline.

Today’s Fuels Demand New Additive Technology

For more info, visit www.startron.com

Actual Microbial Growth

Before After

Before After

The emissions-reducing additive MTBE that

Small EngineSmall Engine

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Gas Additive

NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK14308 8fl.oz. 6bottles(8fl.oz. treats up to 48 gallons)

• Cures and prevents ethanol fuel problems• Increases fuel economy • Makes engines start easier, run smoother • Stabilizes fuel for up to two years• Disperses water so that it can be eliminated as engine runs• 1 fl. oz. treats 6 gallons of gas• Reduces all emissions• Lowers fuel system maintenance• Eliminates carbon build-up in fuel delivery system and on exhaust components• Cannot be overdosed• Rejuvenates old fuel

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Counter Top Display – MIXEDNUMBER CONTAINS14624 18(14308)StarTron®SmallEngineFormula GasAdditive,8fl.oz. 6(14408)StarTron®SmallEngineFormula DieselAdditive,8fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Counter Top Display – GAS ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS14625 24(14308)StarTron®Small Engine Formula Gas Additive, 8fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Counter Top Display – DIESEL ONLY NUMBER CONTAINS14626 24(14408)StarTron®Small Engine Formula Diesel Additive,8fl.oz.

• Great for both gas and diesel customers• Solve gas, diesel or both gas and diesel fuel related problems with just one display• Ideal for shelf display or next to a register

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Display – MIXEDNUMBER CONTAINS14648 36(14308)StarTron®SmallEngine FormulaGasAdditive,8fl.oz. 12(14408)StarTron®SmallEngine FormulaDieselAdditive,8fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Display – GAS ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS14649 48(14308)StarTron®SmallEngine FormulaGasAdditive,8fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Display – DIESEL ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS14650 48(14408)StarTron®SmallEngine FormulaDieselAdditive,8fl.oz.

• This display solves all ethanol problems• Complete Star Tron® additive displays utilize only a few square feet of floor space• Solve gas, diesel or both gas and diesel fuel related problems with one display

ITEM: Star Tron® Small Engine Formula Diesel Additive

NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK14408 8fl.oz. 6bottles(8fl.oz. treatsupto128gallons)

• Increases fuel economy• Stabilizes diesel fuel for up to 2 years• Makes engines start easier, run smoother• Reduces soot and all emissions• Lowers fuel system maintenance• Eliminates carbon build-up in fuel delivery system and on exhaust components• 1 fl. oz. treats 16 gallons of diesel• Cannot be overdosed• Rejuvenates old fuel

For more info, visit www.startron.com(800)327-8583WWW.STARTRON.COM

NEWITEM:StarTron®SmallEngineFormula Mini Counter Top Display –POWERSPORTSHEADERNUMBER CONTAINS14616 6(14308)StarTron®SmallEngine FormulaGasAdditive,8fl.oz.

NEWITEM:StarTron®SmallEngineFormula Mini Counter Top Display – LAWN&GARDENHEADERNUMBER CONTAINS14617 6(14308)StarTron®SmallEngine FormulaGasAdditive,8fl.oz.

• Compact display requires just 6” of counter space• Ideal for shelf display or next to a register

Formula

Formula

NEWITEM:STARTRON®SHOOTERS CASE NUMBER SIZE PACK 14301 2Pack/1fl.oz. 12

• Blister card holds two 1 fl. oz. bottles• Each bottle treats up to 6 gallons• Cures & prevents ethanol fuel problems• Helps prevent phase separation;

improves performance• Ideal for outboards, snowmobiles, ATVs,

generators, motorcycles and all gas-powered equipment

• Compact size; fits in toolbox, saddlebag, tackle box or glove compartment

• Works in all 2 and 4-cycle engines

Small EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineSmall EngineFormula

Small Engine Formula is the original enzyme fuel additive in a dosage designed for cars, motorcycles, ATVs and lawn equipment.

ITEM: Star Tron® Diesel Additive

NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK93108 8 fl . oz. 12 bottles (8 fl . oz. treats up to 256 gallons)93116 16 fl . oz. 12 bottles (16 fl . oz. treats up to 512 gallons)93132 32 fl . oz. 12 bottles (32 fl . oz. treats up to 1,024 gallons)93100 1 gallon 4 bottles (1 gallon treats up to 4,096 gallons)93105 5 gallon 1-5 gallon pail (5 gallons treats up to 20,480 gallons)93155 55 gallon 1-55 gallon drum (55 gallons treats up to 225,280 gallons)

• Increases fuel economy• 1 fl . oz. treats 32 gallons of diesel fuel• Makes engines start easier, run smoother• Cannot be overdosed• Disperses bacteria without the use of poisons/biocides• Reduces all emissions, including carcinogenic, particulate smoke – eliminates diesel soot• Stabilizes diesel fuel for up to two years• Lowers fuel system maintenance• Eliminates carbon build-up from burners, injectors and exhaust components

ITEM: Star Tron® Gasoline Additive

NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK93008 8 fl . oz. 12 bottles (8 fl . oz. treats up to 128 gallons)93016 16 fl . oz. 12 bottles (16 fl . oz. treats up to 256 gallons)93032 32 fl . oz. 12 bottles (32 fl . oz. treats up to 512 gallons)93000 1 gallon 4 bottles (1 gallon treats up to 2,048 gallons)

• Cures and prevents ethanol fuel problems• Increases fuel economy • Makes engines start easier, run smoother• Disperses water so that it can be eliminated as engine runs• 1 fl . oz. treats 16 gallons of gas• Stabilizes fuel for up to two years• Reduces all emissions• Lowers fuel system maintenance• Eliminates and prevents carbon, gum and varnish build-up• Cannot be overdosed• Rejuvenates old fuel

ITEM: Star Tron® Fuel Tank Cleaner

NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK93664 64 fl . oz. 6 bottles (64 fl . oz. treats up

to a 250 gallon tank)93600 1 gallon 4 bottles (1 gallon treats up

to a 500 gallon tank)

• Exceptional at cleaning sludge and other fuel contaminants from gasoline and diesel tanks• A cost-eff ective alternative to expensive fuel polishing and tank cleaning

(800) 327-8583 WWW.STARTRON.COM

SUPER-CONCENTRATED

93008 8 fl . oz. 12 bottles (8 fl . oz. treats up to 128 gallons)93016 16 fl . oz. 12 bottles (16 fl . oz. treats up to 256 gallons)

ITEM: Star Tron® Fuel Tank Cleaner

NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK93664 64 fl . oz. 6 bottles (64 fl . oz. treats up to a 250 gallon tank)

SUPER-CONCENTRATED

Marine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineFormulaFormulaFormula

Marine EngineMarine Engine

The original enzyme fuel additive in a dosage designed for larger marine fuel tanks.

(800)327-8583WWW.STARTRON.COM

ITEM: Star Tron® Display – MIXEDNUMBER CONTAINS93636 18(93008)StarTron®GasAdditive,8fl.oz.

8(93016)StarTron®GasAdditive,16fl.oz.6(93108)StarTron®DieselAdditive,8fl.oz.4(93116)StarTron®DieselAdditive,16fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Display – GAS ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS93637 24(93008)StarTron®GasAdditive,8fl.oz.

12(93016)StarTron®GasAdditive,16fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Display – DIESEL ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS93638 24(93108)StarTron®DieselAdditive,8fl.oz.

12(93116)StarTron®DieselAdditive,16fl.oz.

• This display solves all ethanol problems• Complete Star Tron® additive

displays utilize only a fewsquare feet of floor space

• Solve gas, diesel or both gas and diesel fuel relatedproblems with one display

ITEM: Star Tron® Counter Top Display – MIXEDNUMBER CONTAINS93624 18(93008)StarTron®GasAdditive,8fl.oz.

6(93108)StarTron®DieselAdditive,8fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Counter Top Display – GAS ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS93625 24(93008)StarTron®GasAdditive,8fl.oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Counter Top Display – DIESEL ONLYNUMBER CONTAINS93626 24(93108)StarTron®DieselAdditive,8fl.oz.

• This display solvesall ethanol problems

• Great for both gas anddiesel customers

• Solve gas, diesel or both gasand diesel fuel related problemswith one display

ITEM: Star Tron® Mini Counter Top Display – MARINEHEADERNUMBER CONTAINS93615 6(93008)StarTron®

GasAdditive,8fl.oz.

• This display solves all ethanol problems• Compact display requires just 6” of counter space• Ideal for shelf display or next to a register• Customized display for the Marine Industry

ITEM: Star Tron® Mini Counter Top Display –

Marine EngineMarine EngineSUPER-CONCENTRATED

ITEM: Star Tron® Display – MIXEDCONTAINS

(93008) Star Tron® Gas Additive, 8 fl. oz.(93016) Star Tron® Gas Additive, 16 fl. oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® Mini Counter Top Display – MARINE HEADERNUMBER CONTAINS93615 6 (93008)

ITEM: Star Tron® Display – MIXEDNUMBER CONTAINS93636 18 (93008)

8 (93016)

SUPER-CONCENTRATEDSUPER-CONCENTRATED

Marine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineMarine EngineFormula

The original enzyme fuel additive in a dosage designed for larger marine fuel tanks.

New displays designed to increase sales and profi ts.

ITEM: Star Tron® A-Frame Small Engine Formula Display – Gas OnlyNUMBER CONTAINS14396 96 (14308) Star Tron® Small Engine Formula

Gas Additive, 8 fl . oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® A-Frame 8 oz. Small Engine Formula & 16 oz. Marine Formula Display NUMBER CONTAINS14397 72 (14308) Star Tron® Small Engine Formula

Gas Additive, 8 fl . oz. 12 (93016) Star Tron® Gas Additive, 16 fl . oz.

ITEM: Star Tron® A-Frame 8 oz. & 16 oz. Marine Formula DisplayNUMBER CONTAINS93672 48 (93008) Star Tron® Gas Additive, 8 fl . oz.

24 (93016) Star Tron® Gas Additive, 16 fl . oz.

• One display cures & prevents ethanol problems• Unique eye-catching design features scannable QR codes for more information• Compact design requires minimal fl oor area; display can be placed anywhere in store• Can be ordered with several combinations of Star Tron to suit specifi c customer needs• Pods are easily refi llable

(800) 327-8583 WWW.STARTRON.COM

NEW ITEM: STAR TRON® SHOOTER DISPLAY NUMBER SIZE CASE PACK 14324 1 fl. oz. 24

• Cures & prevents ethanol fuel problems• Each 1 fl. oz. bottle treats 6 gallons of fuel• Sold only as a 24-piece display; bottles not sold separately• Ideal size for saddlebags, handlebar bag, toolkit or glove box• Allows fast, easy treatment of fuel at every refill• Works in all gas-powered engines• Compact display can be located next to register or in any other high-visibility area• No-Spill display features strong selling points and appealing graphics• Small size is ideal way for first-time users to experience Star Tron®

New DisplaysNew DisplaysNew DisplaysNew Displays

Unique eye-catching design features scannable QR codes for more information

Compact design requires minimal fl oor area; display can be placed

combinations of Star Tron to suit

The sale of ethanol blended fuel (E10 and E15), is on the rise in the US as more states mandate its use. Ethanol is being used as a replacement oxygenate for MTBE which has been found to contaminate ground water supplies. While ethanol-blended fuel does result in some negative results, with smart fuel management, most of these issues can be resolved. The fi rst problem encountered with transitioning to E10 or E15 is the loosening

of sludge from the fuel tanks. Ethanol is a powerful solvent which will loosen buildups of varnish, gum, and resins normally found in fuel tanks. If this debris makes its way into the fuel system it can lead to clogged fuel fi lters, carburetors and injectors. The enzymes in Star Tron® will quickly and safely break down and disperse this sludge so that it can be burned off with the fuel charge.

Another problem is that ethanol produces less energy than gasoline, resulting in an overall loss of power and fuel economy compared to 100% gas. Ethanol is hygroscopic, meaning that it will attract water from the air. This water bonds to the ethanol; if the amount of water in the fuel exceeds .5%, the water/ethanol mixture becomes heavier than gas, falling to the bottom of the fuel tank to form a distinct layer and reducing the octane level of the remaining gas. This is Phase Separation; cold temperatures will accelerate this process. By neutralizing the electrical charges between water molecules (“de-ionization”) Star Tron® prevents the water molecules from forming into large clusters. Star Tron’s® powerful enzymes allow water to be dispersed throughout the fuel as sub-micron sized droplets that can be safely vaporized with the fuel charge while the engine operates, helping to keep the overall water content below the threshold level.

Fuel additives known as emulsifi ers have begun to capitalize on ethanol-blended fuel problems. Ironically, some emulsifi ers are made from ethanol or isopropyl alcohol or another alcohol. Some emulsifying products use chemicals such as ethanolamides or anolamides, which are detergents. Alcohol

has been used for years to “dry” out gas, but that was before ethanol was added. Adding more alcohol to E10 and E15 will further degrade the fuel issues noted above and can also violate the EPA regulations on limits of oxygenates (alcohol) allowed in the fuel, as well as the ASTM fuel specifi cations. Today, most engine manufacturers have certifi ed their new engines to operate on a maximum of 10% alcohol/ethanol; an additive taking the fuel over 10% alcohol could void the warranty.

Emulsifi ers have the ability to absorb their own volume in water, thus allowing more macro water clusters to bond with the fuel. Several of these “new” additives have been demonstrated via a neat sideshow trick in which water is added to gas in a test tube and the two fl uids separate. When the emulsifi er is added and the test tube shaken, the water appears to vanish, but in reality the water is still there. What emulsifi ed water can do to an engine can be far worse than the original problem. Water, when sucked into an engine in volume, can shut it down. Emulsifi ed water/ethanol causes a more serious problem; instead of shutting down the engine, the mixture can be partially combusted but not effectively, which can damage the engine and leads to signifi cant carbon deposits. When emulsifi ed water runs through an engine over a period of time, it causes excessive abrasion and wear, plus corrosion and wear on rings, pistons and valves. Emulsifi ed water in the fuel can have other negative effects; water displaces gasoline which lubricates the fuel pump, causing premature wear on the fuel pump. Water reacts with various components in the fuel to form acids which can corrode the fuel injector tips. Water/gas emulsions tested by the SAE with ethanol were found to remove the plating from fuel pump internal moving surfaces (SAE 2005-01-2196, Rovai, Tanaka, Sinatora). More problems occur during combustion. The earliest reference to experiments with gasoline and water emulsifi cations is from 1913. Ever since then, products have been introduced that claim to eliminate water from fuel. Many attempt to do so by adding an emulsifying chemical to gasoline. General Motors and others conducted a signifi cant amount of research on this issue in the 1970s and for several years after. In all cases, the negative effects of water/gas emulsions greatly outweighed any benefi ts gained. Water emulsions immediately increase the fuel’s viscosity. Even “microemulsions” that appear to be clear and stable as opposed to the milky look

generally associated with oil/water emulsions will thicken the fuel. Thickened fuel can destroy a fuel pump and fuel injectors. The ASTM specifi cations for fuel viscosity are very concise; thickening the fuel with water can take the fuel outside its specifi cations, which can void a warranty.

Because the emulsifi ed water lowers the fl ame temperature in the combustion chamber, the combustion effi ciency is greatly reduced and the amount of unburned hydrocarbons soars. This forms carbon deposits in the engine, especially on the piston crowns and on the spark plugs. In the General Motors tests (SAE 760547, Water-Gasoline Fuels, Their Effect on Spark Ignition Engines Emissions and Performance, Peters and Stebar) the deposit buildup was so rapid that the engine had to be disassembled for cleaning approximately every 20 hours. Drivability plummeted as well and fuel economy suffers in a direct ratio to the amount of water in the fuel. All negative effects increased as the water level increased. Eventually, GM abandoned their efforts with water in gasoline. The GM study reports that they did not bother to investigate the lubricity issues or long-term engine durability because the performance characteristics were so bad.

Star Tron®’s various enzymes will actually de-emulsify water, which is the best way to treat contaminated fuel. The advantage to removing water in microscopic amounts is that Star Tron®’s enzyme technology is totally harmless to an engine and will not change the ASTM specifi cations for fuel. Star Tron® will not remove water from a glass jar but it will remove water from operational boats, cars, ATVs, motorcycles or outdoor power equipment. The real Star Tron® advantage goes beyond just how it eliminates water or even how it cleans up sludge. Star Tron® is also a combustion catalyst that reduces emissions, including deadly carbon monoxide, while it increases power and fuel economy. Star Tron® removes combustion chamber carbon deposits, reducing an engine’s octane demand and eliminating engine knock, as well as cleaning the entire fuel system. Star Tron® breaks down and safely disperses gum, sludge and varnish, and it outperforms conventional chemical-based gas stabilizers, keeping fuel fresh for up to 2 years. Star Tron® can also restore stale fuel to serviceable condition. It can improve octane in old, sub-standard or non-spec gasoline. It does all this at the lowest cost-per-gallon-treated of any additive.

For more info, visit www.startron.com

The Star Tron® Ethanol Story

On left, fuel treated with Star Tron™ is bright and clear and meets ASTM specs. On right, fuel treated with an emulsifi er

is thick and cloudy, and may be out of ASTM specs.

When used regularly, Star Tron®

cleans clogged fuel injectors.

New DisplaysNew Displays

LIT01

0V5

4 MAIN PROBLEMS WITH ETHANOL FUEL

ETHANOL 101:WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ETHANOL FUEL(E5, E10, E15 +)

4 MAIN PROBLEMS WITH ETHANOL FUEL

ETHANOL 101:ABOUT ETHANOL FUEL(E5, E10, E15 +)

®

PROBLEM 1: DEBRIS IN FUEL Gums rapidly form in the fuel tank and fuel delivery systems as ethanol fuels age. However, ethanol is also a powerful solvent that will strip away and disperse this build up back into the fuel as large, performance-robbing particles. This leads to clogged fi lters, injectors and carburetors.

STAR TRON® SOLUTION: Star Tron®’s enzymes break down debris into sub-micron sized particles that can be easily burned during the combustion process, restoring full performance.

PROBLEM 2: EXCESSIVE WATER IN THE FUELAND PHASE SEPARATION Ethanol attracts moisture from the atmosphere, forming an ethanol/water solution mixed in the gasoline. Ethanol-blended fuel will naturally hold .5% water in suspension, but when water levels exceed this threshold, or when the fuel cools signifi cantly, the water/ethanol mix drops out of suspension. This is phase separation. Excessive water in the fuel tank causes engines to run rough, stall, and can lead to internal damage to engine components. Ethanol provides a signifi cant amount of the fuel’s octane, so when the ethanol/water solution separates and drops to the bottom of the tank, the remaining fuel is left without enough octane to properly operate the engine. Additionally, the ethanol/water solution can become partially combustible, which can lead to engine damage.

STAR TRON® SOLUTION: Star Tron®’s enzyme formula reduces interfacial surface tension between fuel and water. The molecular cluster size is greatly reduced, allowing more water to be dispersed throughout the fuel. These sub-micron sized droplets are safely eliminated as the engine operates. Star Tron®-treated fuel helps prevent phase separation by allowing more water to be burned off than with untreated fuel, drying out the tank and preventing water buildup.

PROBLEM 3: ETHANOL FUELS BREAK DOWN QUICKLY Over a short period of time ethanol fuel begins to break down. As ethanol and other components evaporate, the fuel loses octane and becomes “stale.” This causeshard starts, pinging and engine knock, which robs your engine of power and can cause damage.

STAR TRON® SOLUTION: Star Tron® is a powerful fuel stabilizer which helps prevent fuel breakdown for up to two years. This results in easier starts and prevents pinging and knocking. Star Tron® improves octane levels of sub-standard, non-spec or old fuel and in many cases can rejuvenate stale fuel, restoring it to serviceable condition.

PROBLEM 4: ETHANOL CAUSES LOST POWER,PERFORMANCE AND DECREASED FUEL ECONOMYEthanol fuel does not produce as much energy as traditional fuel. This results in ineffi cient combustion, decreased performance, reduced throttle response and poor fuel economy.

STAR TRON® SOLUTION: Star Tron’s® enzyme formula helps to break apart large clusters of fuel molecules, creating more surface area. This allows additional oxygen to react during combustion, which results in a more complete burn of the fuel, improved fuel economy, engine power, throttle response and reduced toxic emissions. Star Tron®

removes carbon deposits, keeping your engine clean and operating at peak performance.

Star Tron® is a unique, multifunctional fuel additive that addresses all ethanol issues. Star Tron® has been solving fuel problems for boaters across the US since 2003. It will improve the performance of: boats, cars, trucks, motorcycles, snowmobiles, ATVs, PWCs, generators, lawn & garden equipment and all other gas-powered engines. Star Tron® is safe for use in all 2 and 4-cycle engines under all conditions, even in ethanol fuels. Star Tron® is an ideal all-season, all-purpose additive, and does all this at one of the lowest costs of any fuel additive.

Be careful of what additive you use – many contain alcohol. Adding more alcohol to ethanol fuels can lead to engine problems. Read the MSDS of any fuel additive before using it with ethanol fuel. Star Tron® does not contain any alcohol and is 100% safe for use in all ethanol blends from E-5 to E-85. Star Tron® is easy to use, effective and cannot be overdosed.

Today’s Fuels DemandNew Additive TechnologyTo learn the entire Star Tron® storyand to fi nd the nearest retailer,log onto WWW.STARTRON.COMor call (800) 327-8583