CURRENT HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH PROBLEMPROBLEM

AVIAN BIRD FLUAVIAN BIRD FLU

presented by:presented by:Rajeev bin Shamsuddin PerisamyRajeev bin Shamsuddin Perisamy

Ting Sie OngTing Sie Ong

  ETIOLOGYETIOLOGY Classification of the causative Classification of the causative agentagent

Virus family Orthomyxoviridae, Virus family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Influenzavirus A, B. To genus Influenzavirus A, B. To date, all highly pathogenic date, all highly pathogenic isolates have been influenza A isolates have been influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7 viruses of subtypes H5 and H7

HOSTHOST

Highly pathogenic avian Highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates have been influenza isolates have been obtained primarily from chickens obtained primarily from chickens and turkeys and turkeys 

It is reasonable to assume all It is reasonable to assume all avian species are susceptible to avian species are susceptible to infectioninfection

Direct contact with secretions from infected Direct contact with secretions from infected birds, excretion especially feces birds, excretion especially feces 

Contaminated feed, water, equipment and Contaminated feed, water, equipment and clothing  clothing 

Clinically normal waterfowl and sea birds may Clinically normal waterfowl and sea birds may introduce the virus into flocks introduce the virus into flocks 

Broken contaminated eggs may infect chicks in Broken contaminated eggs may infect chicks in the incubator   the incubator   

TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION

SOURCES OF VIRUSSOURCES OF VIRUS

Feces, respiratory secretions  Feces, respiratory secretions 

Highly pathogenic viruses may remain Highly pathogenic viruses may remain viable for long period of time in infected viable for long period of time in infected feces, tissues and waterfeces, tissues and water

WHO: Bird droppings prime origin of bird flu( 2004-01-17 10:20) (chinadaily.com.cn/Agencies)

Bird flu, which has killed at least 13 people in Vietnam, is largely transmitted through bird droppings and uncooked meat, the World Health Organization (WHO) said, doubting the need to ban imports of chicken meat by some countries.

Symptoms of bird flu in Symptoms of bird flu in humans:humans:

High fever (101-104 degrees Fahrenheit) High fever (101-104 degrees Fahrenheit) Diarrhea Diarrhea Cough-when mucus is produced it may be Cough-when mucus is produced it may be bloody bloody Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Low white blood cell counts Low white blood cell counts Chest "crackles" heard with Chest "crackles" heard with a stethoscope a stethoscope Bleeding gums Bleeding gums Bleeding noseBleeding nose

Identifying Infectious Bird Identifying Infectious Bird Diseases In Birds: A list of Diseases In Birds: A list of

symptomssymptoms Sudden increase in bird deaths in your flock Sudden increase in bird deaths in your flock Sneezing, gasping for air, coughing and nasal Sneezing, gasping for air, coughing and nasal

discharge discharge Watery and green diarrhea Watery and green diarrhea Lack of energy and poor appetite Lack of energy and poor appetite Drop in egg production or soft- or thin-shelled Drop in egg production or soft- or thin-shelled

mis-shapen eggs mis-shapen eggs Swelling around the eyes, neck and head Swelling around the eyes, neck and head

Most people with bird flu have signs and symptoms of conventional influenza.

Some also develop life-threatening complications such as viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome

But the greatest complication of bird flu is still hypothetical

COMPLICATIONSCOMPLICATIONS

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

No specific treatmentNo specific treatment

But now, But now, the primary treatment option the primary treatment option remains the flu drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu), remains the flu drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu), that works by preventing the virus from that works by preventing the virus from escaping its host cell escaping its host cell

Sanitary prophylaxis Sanitary prophylaxis Avoidance of contact between poultry and wild birds, Avoidance of contact between poultry and wild birds,

particularly waterfowl  particularly waterfowl 

Avoidance of the introduction of birds of unkown health Avoidance of the introduction of birds of unkown health status into a flock  status into a flock 

Control of human traffic  Control of human traffic 

Proper cleaning and disinfection procedures  Proper cleaning and disinfection procedures 

Practice an “all in-all out” system in the poultry farmPractice an “all in-all out” system in the poultry farm

In outbreaksIn outbreaks Slaughtering of all birds Slaughtering of all birds 

Disposal of carcasses and all Disposal of carcasses and all poultry products  poultry products 

• Cleaning and disinfection 

• Allow at least 21 days before restocking

Prevention Prevention

Culling.Culling.

Surveillance programs.Surveillance programs.

Banned birds.Banned birds.

Recommendations for travelersRecommendations for travelers

Avoid domesticated birds.Avoid domesticated birds. Avoid open-air markets.Avoid open-air markets. Wash your hands.Wash your hands. Watch your kidsWatch your kids Steer clear of raw eggs.Steer clear of raw eggs. Ask about a flu shot.Ask about a flu shot.

Preparing poultryPreparing poultry

Wash wellWash well Cook thoroughlyCook thoroughly

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bird-flu/DS00566/DSECTION=8http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bird-flu/DS00566/DSECTION=8

http://www.medicinenet.com/bird_flu/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/bird_flu/article.htm

http://www.da.gov.ph/BirdFlu/AboutBridFlu/birdflu.htmlhttp://www.da.gov.ph/BirdFlu/AboutBridFlu/birdflu.html

http://www.progressiveu.org/150440-bird-flu-symptoms-and-treatment-http://www.progressiveu.org/150440-bird-flu-symptoms-and-treatment-informationinformation

http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/1birdflu/p/Needtoknow.htmhttp://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/1birdflu/p/Needtoknow.htm

http://www.birdflubeacon.com/Symptoms_of_Bird_Flu.htmhttp://www.birdflubeacon.com/Symptoms_of_Bird_Flu.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_fluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_flu

referencesreferences

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/birdflu.html

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm

http://usinfo.state.gov/gi/global_issues/bird_flu.html

http://www.wikibirdflu.org/page/Virus%20Dispersion?t=anon

http://www.pamf.org/flu/bird.html

http://www.flumed.co.uk/bird-flu-html/avflu_human.html