School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi Participants: Aditya Ajith Amit Kumar Shefali Parashar Malvika Rautela Mayank Parmar Saneera Dev Current Practices XV Annual NOSPlan Convention Theme : Safe Cities ‘Community – led Disaster Risk Management ’ Case Study of Rajiv Gandhi Nagar (Dharavi), Mumbai A project done in collaboration of Global Center of Excellence, Human Security Engineering (GCOE-HSE) Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan + School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi , India + Municipal Corporation of greater Mumbai , Mumbai, India
Transcript
School of Planning and ArchitectureNew Delhi
Participants:
Aditya AjithAmit KumarShefali ParasharMalvika RautelaMayank ParmarSaneera Dev
Current PracticesXV Annual NOSPlan Convention
Theme : Safe Cities
‘Community – led Disaster Risk Management’Case Study of Rajiv Gandhi Nagar (Dharavi), Mumbai
A project done in collaboration ofGlobal Center of Excellence, Human Security Engineering (GCOE-HSE)
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan+
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi , India +
Municipal Corporation of greater Mumbai , Mumbai, India
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementIntroduction
Safe Cities
Crime Prevention
Disaster Management
IDRiM – Integrated Disaster Risk Management
CLDRM – Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Community BasedConventional approach in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) – involves community in passive manner – inputs used as suggestions & guidelines.Final decisions are taken by external expert or local government ; largely driven by the interest and intentions of the external stakeholders than the actual affected community.Emphasis mainly on disaster response rather than risk mitigation and disaster preparedness.
Community Led
“Bringing the vulnerable communities together and beginning a new spirit towards being proactive to disaster risk and make them more and more self dependent while achieving resiliency”
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementIntroduction
Difference between Community – “based” DRR and Community – “led” DRR
Disaster risk reduction efforts, to be effective at local level has to be based on a strong ‘bottom-up’ approachUse of innovative methods to facilitate the vulnerable community people to directly involve in planning and implementation processes. Aspects namely risk perception, vulnerability assessment, risk communication and planning methods and systems for risk reduction have to be main focus of the community representatives.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementIntroduction
Collaborative Effort
Community
Technical SupportTechnical Experts
AcademiciansAdministrative Experts
NGOs(for mobilization and innovation)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementIntroduction
The Technical agency involved shall help the community to augment their awareness and scientific knowledge through introduction of appropriate techniques by bringing experts, academicians, government officials, civil defence etc. to interact with them.
Direct involvement of community in each step of analysis of community vulnerability and status, risk perception and taking decisions about actions toward riskAn understanding of the scientific processes should be developed by the community helping them to take decisions rationally by themselvesThe community itself shall list out all the necessary actions to be taken for risk reduction with the necessary help of technical and administrative agencies.
Lead Actor : Community
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementCase Study
Introduction to Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Dharavi, Mumbai
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementCase Study
Introduction to Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Dharavi, MumbaiMangrove forests converted into squatter settlement by migrants and labourers
Area : 4 haPopulation : 13000 (2200 families)
Predominantly residential character
Duration of stay: 30 years
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementParticipatory Tools & Techniques Applied
Open-ended interviews with Key Informants (along with more than 1000 questionnaire based household surveys)
Town Watching, Field Notes & Problem identification
Group Discussions (10 exhibitions of findings, maps, photos in Mumbai & Delhi)
Content Analysis- Selected Surveys & Data processing
Participatory Risk Mapping & vulnerability Zoning
SWOT analysis for Capability Status & Potential
‘Yonmenkaigi’ exercise for problem solving
Interactive workshops with community leaders and other stakeholders (08 Participatory Workshops in Japan, Mumbai & Delhi with strong involvement of Community Leaders)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementParticipatory Tools & Techniques Applied
Observation Technique Interviews and Discussions
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementParticipatory Tools & Techniques Applied
Participatory Risk Mapping with community Leaders
Map prepared with the help of the community
leaders
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementParticipatory Tools & Techniques Applied
Rajiv Gandhi Nagar – Distribution of Houses According to Building Materials
Rajiv Gandhi Nagar – Distribution of Houses According to Normal Water Logging during Rains
Similar maps were prepared for Distribution of Houses based on Actual Evacuation – 2005, July Disaster; Distribution of Houses According to Self-estimated Total Monitory Loss 2005 , July Disaster; etc. using participatory mapping
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementParticipatory Tools & Techniques Applied
S W O T
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAction Plan
Response
Relief RECONSTRUCTION
Rehabilitation and
Preparedness
FLOOD
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAction Plan Process
Actions community can perform mobilizing local resources & without external help
Actions that need city government help clearly identified and dealt separately.
Allocation of responsibility for actions among the community leaders / champions & volunteers.
Translation of actions on to the ground conditions – nodal points, signboards, notice boards, information dissemination, place for rescue and relief material , evacuation routes etc.
This process has been applied on all the 4 stages of Disaster Management, viz, Response, Relief, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation.
2 of these aspects are demonstrated in the coming slides (due to time constraint)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAction Plan – Rescue/ Response
PriorityList of Actions for Rescue Operation
Actors and Responsibilities
What the Community Can Do
What the Community can do with External Help
1 To Identify local young member from clubs, religious place, political parties to provide voluntary support to rescue people
2 To summon all volunteers to come forward to rescue people in emergency
3 To Identify risky spots where the rescue team may need to go on priority basis.
4 To rescue disabled, injured, elderly people
5 To provide and distribute the list of contents of survival kits in community
6 To appeal people to carry their “survival kit” and “first-aid” box
7 To appeal people to carry their “vital documents” , specially various identity card during evacuation
8 To prepare “Life-Jacket” using locally available materials, example plastic bottles, plastics bags.
9 To prepare boats made by locally available materials, examples drums, wooden plates etc. to rescue disabled , elderly and injured persons.
10 To collaborate and appeal Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai and NGOs to provide floating boats to rescue people if necessary.
11 To provide First-aid treatment
12 To use sniffing dogs for locating trapped people under debris
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM)
Civil Defence
NGOs
GCOE –HSE and other Academic Institutes
Index : priority of actions Immediate Priority
Intermediate Priority
Remote Priority
Core Action Group
Chawl Committee
Religious, Cultural and Political Group
Community volunteers
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAction Plan
Core Action Group
Chawl Committee
Religious, Cultural and Political Group
Community volunteers
Index : List of Actors
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM)
Civil Defence
NGOs
GCOE –HSE and other Academic Institutes
Index : priority of actions Immediate Priority
Intermediate Priority
Remote Priority
Flood level – 2005, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAction Plan - Relief
PriorityList of Actions :Relief for Affected
People
Actors and Responsibilities
What the Community
Can Do
What the Community can
do with External Help
1 To indentify adjacent school, office buildings, public building for temporary shelters
2 To ensure the access to those building during flood emergency
3 To mark the temporary shelter with “S” letter for easy finding and locating
4 To use loudspeakers to update the stages of improvements of flood situation and relief operation
5 To provide medicine to evacuees in free of cost
6 To set up community kitchen and provide foods and dirking
7 To set up temporary and mobile toilets and maintain it by local volunteers.
8 To provide extra support to elderly, women and children during their stay in shelters.
9 To promote higher sense of hygiene among the residence during emergency
10 To set up specially trained “women group” to provide trauma care wherever necessary during disaster.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAction Plan
Core Action Group
Chawl Committee
Religious, Cultural and Political Group
Community volunteers
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM)
Civil Defence
NGOs
GCOE –HSE and other Academic Institutes
Index : priority of actions
Immediate Priority
Intermediate Priority
Remote Priority
Evacuation Status @ Rajiv
Gandhi Nagar in 2005
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementPositive Outputs
Change of attitude of City Government from ONLY ‘Hardware’ engineering solutions for disaster management to ‘Software’ and ‘ Human-ware’ solutions accepting the critical role communities can play.
Grass-root level flood safety management- Enhancement of Community Capability toward higher Self- Efficacy & Collective-Efficacy.
Facilitation of Sustainable community leadership through better identity and operability.
Improved advocacy & bargaining power of the community.
Community-led Disaster Management Participatory Action Plan , Actual implementation of small but quickly implementable actions by the community & preparation of a booklet for publication by GCOE HSE.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Current Practices
Community – led Disaster Risk ManagementAcknowledgment
We would like to sincerely thank Prof. B. Mishra for lending his support for providing with relevant material and guidance for understanding the process of CLDRM.
We would also like to acknowledge the relentless work of GCOE – HSE, Kyoto University, SPA Delhi and MCGM.
It would be incomplete without acknowledging the efforts of the Local community of Dharavi whose relentless struggle has made this endeavour worthwhile.
