Current situation andCurrent situation anddevelopments in Francedevelopments in Francedevelopments in France developments in France of fire safety engineeringof fire safety engineering
Joël KRUPPA
CTICM
JChairman ISO TC 92/SC4 "Fire Safety Engineering"
Madrid, del 23 al 25 de febrero de 2010 / Madrid, 23rd to 25th of February of 2011Madrid, del 23 al 25 de febrero de 2010 / Madrid, 23rd to 25th of February of 2011
Structure of French fire safety regulationsStructure of French fire safety regulations
• Fire safety requirements are mainly prescriptivey q y p p– Public buildings (decree 25 June 1980)– Flats and apartments (decree 31 January 1986)Flats and apartments (decree 31 January 1986)– Tall buildings (decree 18 October 1977 and new
proposal since mid-2007)p p )– Work places (decree 5 August 1992)– Warehouses (decrees 5 August 2002, 15 April ( g , p
2010 & 23 December 2008) … • Decrees for evaluation
– Reaction to fire (21 November 2002)– Resistance to fire (22 March 2004 – to be revised (
shortly)22
HistoricalHistorical
• Opening towards calculation methods occurred p gvery early in France – 1974 : calculation method for fire resistance of
concrete structures– 1976 : calculation method for fire resistance of steel
structure– 1988 : calculation method for composite (steel +
concrete) columns– 1988 : calculation method for timber structures
• Up to 1997, only devoted to the standard fire (ISO 834) for isolated elements
33
Current openings for FSE*Current openings for FSE*
• Decree on 3 August 1999 followed by decree on g y22 March 2004 on structural fire behaviour
• Decree on 22 march 2004 regarding smokeDecree on 22 march 2004 regarding smoke control
• Decree on 5 August 2002 on warehouses allowingDecree on 5 August 2002 on warehouses allowing alternative design of R60 by FSE + specific AFNOR guidelinesg
• ISO Standard published by AFNOR in French
(*) meaning actual fire hazards, within a given built environment, are taken into account
44
Structural Fire BehaviourStructural Fire Behaviour • Decree (22 March 2004) by Ministry of Interior and
Ministry of Industry on fire resistancey y• Structural fire design* under the own responsibility of the
designer, to fulfill requirements, when :– Nominal fires (standard, hydrocarbon, external)– Tabulated data– Simple calculation models
• Need to have "peer review" by an official laboratory ( f CS )(Efectis or CSTB), when :– Use of design fire scenarios (design fires other than
nominal)nominal)– And/or use of advanced calculation models (e.g. Finite
Elements Models) )(*) according to Structural Eurocodes
55
Structural Fire Behaviour (cont'd)Structural Fire Behaviour (cont d)
• When using design fire g gscenario:– Need to get agreement by local g g y
authorities on the design fire scenarios
– Need to elaborate "specifications for use" to be followed by the userfor use to be followed by the user of the building to ensure that the design fire scenarios will not be
l d d i th lif f thoverruled during the life of the building
66
Résistance au feuRésistance au feu
Between 2004 and 2008• About 30 FSE assessments done
for structural fire resistance, 17 of th di kthem regarding car parks
• New or existing buildings (2 of them are tall buildings)
• 40% for Paris region - 60% goutside
2 exemples 2 exemples 77
pp
Paris CDG Airport byParis CDG-Airport by
88
Odysseum car park Montpellier byOdysseum car park - Montpellier by
99
DésenfumageDésenfumage
S
Smoke controlEf
H
Efeu
H
He
ρ1, P1, T1
ρa, Ta Af
Efeu ρfeu, Tfeu
• Decree for Public buildings of 22 March 2004• Clause DF1 : smoke control is needed for [...]
Hvirt
Clause DF1 : smoke control is needed for [...] maintaining practicable the evacuation routes, for the egress of people
• Clause DF4 §2 : the use of FSE is allowed and has to be done by engineering offices recognized by the ministry of interior (Efectis, CSTB, LNE, CNPP), after agreement of local authorities on assumptions and design fire scenariosdesign fire scenarios
• To refer to the Technical Instructions 246 on specific requirements for smoke control of public buildingsrequirements for smoke control of public buildings
1010
Technical Instructions 246
DésenfumageDésenfumage
Technical Instructions 246
• Clause 8 : regarding fire safety engineeringg g y g g– Egress route is safe when, e.g.
• The smoke free height is adequate (not less than g q (half-height of the room, not lower than door height, and in any case not lower than 1.8 m)
• The heat flux received is tolerable by people (less than 2 kW/m2)
The assessment report must include:– The assessment report must include:• Assumptions taken and input data • Calculation results• Calculation results• Positive conclusion regarding efficiency of protection
measures
1111
EntrepôtsEntrepôts
Between 2004 and 2008
• More than 40 assessment carried out
• Peer review requested on less than 1/3
2 exemples 2 exemples
1212
pp
Commercial Center byCommercial Center by
1313
Strasbourg railway station byStrasbourg railway station by
1414
WarehousesWarehouses
• Decree of 5 August 2002g• Clause 6 : for single storey buildings, with roof
height of more than 12.5 m, the fire resistanceheight of more than 12.5 m, the fire resistance requirement is R 60, unless:– There is a sprinkler system, andp y ,– A fire safety engineering assessment demonstrates
• The building will not collapse on the outsideg p• There is no progressive collapse• There is no risk for people and firefighters
• A guidance document was published by AFNOR on the interpretation of this clause
1515
Guidance on FSE for Warehouses (2008)Guidance on FSE for Warehouses (2008)
• Performance criteriaPerformance criteria regarding – Tenability conditionsTenability conditions
for occupants– Tenability conditions y
for firefighters– Progressive collapse
1616
Current French Research Project "PN ISI"Current French Research Project PN ISI
• Partners– Ministry of interiror, LCPP, BSPP, FNSPF, GIF, SNPPA, FFB, FNTP,
SFPE-FranceACCOR APHP ARCELOR AREVA ATILH CD Faces CEA CETU– ACCOR, APHP, ARCELOR, AREVA, ATILH, CD-Faces, CEA, CETU, CERIB, CNPP, CSTB, CTICM, EDF, EGIS, EPA-Jussieu, FCBA, Fire-construction, FFSA, INERIS, IRSN, LCPC, LNE, PlasticsEurope, Semmaris SNI SOGEA SPK USIRF VINCI ConstructionSemmaris, SNI, SOGEA, SPK, USIRF, VINCI Construction…
– University of Savoie, University of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Marseille, INSA Rouen, University of Cergy-Pontoise, University of MulhouseMulhouse
• Budget : 4 250 000 € HT on 6 years (mid-2005 / mid-2011) with sponsorship of Ministry of Equipment2011) with sponsorship of Ministry of Equipment
• Objectives– To develop the use of FSE in FranceTo develop the use of FSE in France
1717
Research Project in 3 partsResearch Project in 3 parts
• FSE principles, validation and examples of use• Improvement of knowledgep g
– Fire sources and fire propagation– Fuel load densityFuel load density– Structural and separating element behaviour in
fire – Tenability condition and egress of people
• Teaching, training,Teaching, training, • Proposals to ministries for official use of FSE
1818
FSE- General Process (ISO 23932)
1919
ISO documents published in FranceISO documents published in FranceISO
d tTitle French document
document
ISO 23932 General Principles Principes générauxISO 23932 General Principles Principes généraux
ISO 16730 Assessment, verification and validation of
Évaluation, vérificationet validation desand validation of
calculation methodset validation des méthodes de calcul
ISO TS/16732 Guidance for fire risk Ligne directrice pour assessment l'évaluation du risque
incendie
ISO TS/16733 Selection of design fire Sélection de scénariosISO TS/16733 Selection of design fire scenarios and design fires
Sélection de scénariosd'incendie d'étude et de feu de di i tdimensionnement
2020
ISO documents published in France (cont'd)ISO documents published in France (cont'd)
ISO document Title French document
ISO 16734 to 16737
Calculation methods for fire plume, ceiling jet,
Méthodes de calcul pour panache de feu, jet sous16737 fire plume, ceiling jet,
smoke vent and smoke layer
panache de feu, jet sousplafond, écoulement au travers d'une ouverture et couche de fuméecouche de fumée
ISO TR/16738 Technical information on methods for
Information technique surles méthodes d'évaluation
evaluating behaviourand movement of people
du comportement et du mouvement des personnesp p p
ISO/TS 24679 Performance of structure in fire
Performance des structures en casd'incendied incendie
2121
For more information on the French situation (and others)
http://www.eurofireconference.com/http://www.eurofireconference.com/
2222
Gracias por su atenciónGracias por su atenciónGracias por su atenciónGracias por su atenciónThanks for your attentionThanks for your attention
Joël KRUPPAJChairman ISO TC 92/SC4 "Fire Safety Engineering"
Madrid, del 23 al 25 de febrero de 2010 / Madrid, 23rd to 25th of February of 2011Madrid, del 23 al 25 de febrero de 2010 / Madrid, 23rd to 25th of February of 2011
