CCurrent situation of Livestock industry and Livestock waste water in Thailand

Maytawee Tamprateep, DVM.

Department of Livestock Development , Thailand

TTopics

Outline of pig industry

Current situation of pig wastewater and its impact to water environment.

Technology in Thailand applying for pig wastewater treatment.

Issues/problem in pig wastewater treatment

Technological needs for improvement of pig wastewater management in Thailand.

2

PPopulation statistic in Thailand

3

TThailand’s Gross National Income

4

1997

2011

2017

2021

2026

BBackground of Livestock sector : Pig industry

5

Livestockspecies

Quantity 2017 (million head)*

Import2016(Million Bht)**

Export2016(Million Bht)**

Beef Cattle 4.88 1,489.8 991.6 Dairy Cattle 0.58 10,641.7 1,928.1Buffalo 1.03 2,528.4 268.5 Pig 10.19 156.9 (0.96%) 6,960.7(8.3%)Chicken 429.98 240.1 89,137.1Duck 26.29 70.5 62,968.9 Goat 0.65 27.9 18.9Sheep 0.05 1,263.8 36.2Total 16,366.1 181,690.2

Source:Data from * DLD, ** OAE

IImport & Export value of Pork and Swine Product (2007-2016)

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0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

32,798,732

85,962,372103,586,325

88,275,496

116,419,159

142,439,574

107,820,809

137,450,034

158,739,138

209,094,136

1,53

3,76

3

1,06

4,94

2

1,19

5,75

2

1,23

9,16

8

2,11

9,96

8

2,83

3,49

5

2,74

7,10

2

3,02

2,46

0

4,96

7,07

7

4,71

3,40

4

US

D

Export Value (USD) Import Value (USD)

IImport & Export value of live pig (2007-2016)

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0.00

500,000,000.00

1,000,000,000.00

1,500,000,000.00

2,000,000,000.00

2,500,000,000.00

3,000,000,000.00

3,500,000,000.00

4,000,000,000.00

4,500,000,000.00

5,000,000,000.00

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

91,147,382.00

1,012,431,395.00

1,683,198,859.00

1,036,040,967.00

1,579,755,327.00

2,018,791,545.00

925,676,017.00

1,765,355,876.00

2,538,725,209.00

4,603,398,156.00

2,97

7,78

3.00

0 0 0 0 2,00

7.00

0 0 0 0

US

D

Export Value (USD) Import Value (USD)

PPig population statistic in Thailand

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02000000400000060000008000000

1000000012000000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Trends of pig population

The statistic of pig number records from 2010-2017 showed that the number of pig varies from 8-11 million pigs/year

Source : Department of Livestock Development (DLD)

PPig population in Thailand 2017

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categories No. of Pigs No. of Farmers

Native Pigs 650,972 72,138

Boars 73,49376,257

Sows 861,553

Fattening Pigs 6,671,29074,877

Piglets 1,934,476

total 10,191,784 180,606

WWaste water producing rate & Organic Loading

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Categories Average waste water(Liter/head/day)

Average BOD(mg/liter)

Average COD(mg/liter)

Average SS(mg/liter)

Average TKN(mg/liter)

Nursery 20 (16-21) 2,500(2,433-2,842)

5,400(4,907-6,279)

3,000(2,511-3474)

700(574-759)

Fattening 24 (23-26) 3,500(2,763-3,875)

7,400(5,589-8,022)

4,700(5,597-7,400)

700(574-759)

Breeder 64 (50-82) 800 (756-845)

1,700(1,638-1,906)

900(824-1,101)

350 (266-536)

Research from Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE)

SSwine density in Thailand

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6,671,290935,046

1,934,476

FatteningBreedersNursery

20.3%

69.9%9.8%

SSituation of pig wastewater in Thailand

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Tha-Chin River

Chao Phraya River

Bang PakongRiver

SongkhlaLake

o PhrayaRive

IImpact of livestock waste

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Environmental impact(Water pollution/ offensive odor/Disease transmission/GHG emission)

Social conflict (community area - livestock farm)

IImpact of pig wastewater to water environment

Water degradation : color/ taste/odor

Eutrophication : excessive algae and aquatic plants decreased oxygen disslove affect plants and other livings.

Water resource including ground water contamination

(chemical cpd. ,microorganism)

Unable to use and consumption

Leads to Socio-Economic and Environmental issue

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IIssues/Problem in Pig wastewater

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• June 2016, Nakorn-Nayok province • Water pollution result from pig farm waste water discharged to

irrigation canal effect fish and other livings.• July 2016, waste water discharge from pig farm to Mae-Ing river.

IIssues/Problem in Pig wastewater

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• November 2016, Udonthani province.• Waste water form a large scale pig farm contaminated

to irrigation canal in rainy season.

SSituation of pig wastewater in Thailand : Pig farm complaint

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02468

101214161820

2014 2015 2016 2017

OdorWaste water

Source: Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE) Updated: Nov 2017

LLaw and Regulations control : pig farm

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Parameters Units Maximum permitted value

Large Small

pH - 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0

BOD mg/liter 60 100

COD mg/liter 300 400

SS mg/liter 150 200

TKN mg/liter 120 200

Waste water quality standards

Announced from Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE); 1992

LLivestock Wastewater treatment system: Biogas system in Thailand

1. Fixed Dome System 2. Package Biogas System (Bag Digester) 3. Covered Lagoon System (CL)/(MCL) 4. Channel Digester System (CD)

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20Fix dome Bag digesterSource: http://www.kplworldtrading.com/product/biogas-bag/

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Channel Digester

Covered Lagoon

Biogas System

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Collecting & Pre-treatmentSystem

Treatment System (Biogas)

Post treatment system (lagoon/open pond)

Sludge Management

Biogas utilization

NNon-Biogas System

Open pond )series*Manure management (manure to cropland/ fish feeding)

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BBIG CONCEPTZZERO WASTE

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“Good waste management practice and utilization.”

IIssues/problem in pig wastewater treatment

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• Inadequate and inappropriate livestock waste management.

• Insufficient local biogas constructor.

• Lack of understanding how to maintain water treatment System.

• Financial issue

GGreen Agricultural City and Biogas Construction PPromotion Project (2014--2017)

Promote the development of wastewater treatment systems in livestock by subsidizing farmers for the construction of a biogaswastewater treatment system up to 700,000 baht / farm

90 farms in 25 provinces

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MModified Cover Lagoon System

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Farm Type Energy cost reduction

Income from solid waste

Baht %

1 Fattening 2,400

456,000 45 30,000

2 Boar4/sow500/nursery100

144,000 22 -

3 Fattening 900 49,000 88 30,000

4 Fattening 1,200

70,400 75 54,043

5 Fattening 1,800

408,000 74 50,400

6 Fattening 1,800

280,000 70 48,600

7 Boar90/sow3,000/Fattening20,000

2,400,000 33 96,000

Farm Type Energy cost reduction

Income from solid waste

Baht %

8 Fattening 1,500 19,200 100 36,000

9 Boar60/Sow1,300/Fattening1,000/ nursery3,600

96,000 40 162,000

10 Boar160/Sow4,000 3,000,000 50 216,000

11 Fattening 900 48,000 57 -

12 Boar 2/Sow 240 84,000 58 10,800

13 Boar 7/Sow80/Fattening400/nursery60

38,400 100 21,600

14 Fattening650 45,000 62 96,000

15 Fattening2,200 28,800 60 80,000

16 Boar7/Sow80/Fattening400/nursery60

12,000 100 31,500

Economic Return

50 – 80% Energy cost reduction

Survey 16 farms in 2016

ZZero waste Project

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Promote using pig farm waste in agricultural field as bio-fertilizer.

Aim to reduce production cost and environmental impact.

Received awards from OCSC

- Outstanding Integrated Service Award in 2013

- Continuously Qualified Service Award in 2016

PProject’s Concept

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Agricultural allianceConference Demonstration

• Farmer – Pig farm• DLD • Dpt.of land development• Ministry of national resource

and environment• Kasetsart university

How to apply manure and waste water effectively in agricultural field. (Chai-nat province)

Smart farmer

ZZero waste Project

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CConcentrated bio-fertilizer & How to use

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The mixture of

- Pig manure 25 kg.- Effective microorganism

(Dpt. Of land development) 2 pack- Yoghurt 2 cups- Compressed Yeast powder 2 tablet- Molasses 10 kg.- Water 50 Liter

30 days

Apply in rice field- Mix with water 1 : 200 Liter- Spray : 10-15 Liter/ha, every 7-10 days

Other crops and Vegetable- Mix 60 ml. with water 20 Liter - Spray/ via root , every 7-10 days

Pig wastewater : 30 – 60 Liter/ha ( improve soil fertility)

Concentrated bio-fertilizer

81. : 1%%ReduceChemical fertilization

100%Total success!

41.51%IncreaseProductivity

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TTechnological needs for improvement of pig wastewater management

• Innovation&Technology

• Research & Development of alternative energy (biogas)

• Precision agriculture

Digital Platform technology (sensor /AI/Computer program)

• Feeding precision and control

• Environmental condition (Temp,humidity.)

• Organic Farming

• Mixed-Farming Agriculture

• Sufficient Economy

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AAcknowledgement

Dr. Sansak Nakavisut; DLD

Dr. Ninthapan Kulpredarat; DLD

Dr. Sangthong Prombaingoen; DLD

Mr. Somboon Mangklala; DLD

Ms. Atcharaphan Sukpom; DLD

Mr. Thana Rattanachumroon; DLD

Dr. Chao Nokyoo – Mr. Saichol; PCD

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TTHANK YOU!Any questions?

Email: maytawee.tamprateep@gmail.com