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Current Technical Designs for Tsunami Warning Systems: Sri Lanka Rohan Samarajiva
Physical world wherehazards occur
Symbolic worldwhere action
originates
Mediatedinterpersona
l
Physical and symbolic worlds, absent
linking technologies
Physical world wherehazards occur
Symbolic worldwhere action
originates
Mass media
Mediatedinterpersonal
Warnings
Warnings
The physical, the symbolic & their linking through ICTs, simplified
Physical world wherehazards occur
Symbolic worldwhere action
originatesMass media
Mediatedinterpersona
l
Warnings
Physical world of hazards, symbolic worlds, link technologies & institutions that work imperfectly
Information & communication technology & institutions
Warning CenterHazard detection & monitoring system
Last mile: Our focus
Communities; families;individuals
Effective warning: multiple pathways
Tsunami hazard detection(International/regional)
Assessment and issuance of warning (National center)
Media First responders(incl. CBOs)
Tsunami waves & communication waves Point-to-point communication
networks are inherently vulnerable to congestionNo design can be congestion proofCongestion can be managed, not
avoidedPoint-to-multipoint is the only real
option• Cell broadcast vs SMS
Tsunami waves & communication waves In a community-based (versus direct to
households) model, avoiding congestion is essential Keeping ahead of the congestion by acting
fast; if possible use priority channels Targeted point-to-multipoint media
• Addressable satellite radio (Disaster Warning, Response and Recovery)
• 10 second from activation to alert
Key elements of the LIRNEasia/Sarvodaya design Improve hazard detection & monitoring
What can we do at village level?• Not tsunami detection; but ability to identify &
communicate abnormal phenomena• Villagers as active participant, not just passive
recipients Improve transmission of warnings
Really up to the government• But we can supplement
• How to alert a village when the radios and TVs are off and the police are far away
Key elements
Improve preparedness to receive warnings and act appropriately Last-mile problem; fully within Sarvodaya’s
Grama Swarajya concept• Partly a communication problem
• Solutions are customized for each village
• Partly a question of the mind• Preparedness through training and drills• Identification of hazards and preparing responses
through training and simulations• Marking out evacuation paths, etc.
• Partly a law and order problem• Village self governance in collaboration with police
First phase
How village organization matters Can better organized villages take decisions
faster and take right action? How training matters
“Disaster preparedness through knowledge and participation”
Availability of [two-way] ICT (free of congestion, with redundancy) is a necessary condition Need to know what works and what
appropriate mixes are
Training No Training
Sarvodaya Village Stages 1, 2 & (3) (less organized)
VSAT Mobile phone
Fixed phone
ASR VSAT Mobile phone
Fixed phone
ASR
ASR + Ham radio
ASR + Fixed phone
ASR + Mobile Phone
Control Village
ASR + Ham radio
ASR + Fixed phone
ASR + Mobile Phone
Control Village
Sarvodaya Village Stages (3), 4 & 5 (more organized)
VSAT Mobile phone
Fixed phone
ASR VSAT Mobile phone
Fixed phone
ASR
ASR + Ham radio
ASR + Fixed phone
ASR + Mobile Phone
Control Village
ASR + Ham radio
ASR + Fixed phone
ASR + Mobile Phone
Control Village
Partners and responsibilities
LIRNEasia: Research design and project management
IDRC: Funding TVEAP: Training of trainers; evaluation Sarvodaya Shanti Sena: Trainers and
evaluators Sarvodaya DMC: Hazard info hub Sarvodaya tech services: Telecenters
using VSATs; maintenance of equipment
Partners and responsibilities
WorldSpace: DWRR Mobile operator (Dialog) and software
partner (MicroImage): Multi-lingual SMS on Java; priority SMS?
London School of Economics (Dr Gordon Gow): CAP and international best practices
Our objectives
Generate research findings as quickly as possible (even though project runs until November 2007)
Use those findings to provide appropriate ICTs and training to All 226 tsunami-affected villagesAll 15,000 Sarvodaya villagesAll ~30,000 villages in our country
Preparedness: the bulwark that saves lives