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CURRICULUM AND
SUPERVISION(MAPE 200)
Professor: Charles H. Nillos, Ph. D.
Reporters:
Abesar, Ramonito N.
Paril , Rodel T.
Education is the most powerful
weapon which you can use to change
the world.-Nelson Mandela
WHAT IS ?
a particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth , the nature and mening of life.
Philosophy
WHAT IS ?
the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in school
Education
WHAT IS ?
Derived from Latin word “ currere” means to run
In education , the course of race with time came to stand for course of study.
A set of course constituting an area of specialization.
Curriculum
RELATIONSHIP OF PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION:
Philospohy and Education are two sides of the same coin.they are two flowers of one stem.
It is the active aspect and practical means of realizing the ideals of life.
Education renews and re-builds the social structure in the patterns of philosphical ideals.
1. Education is the dynamic side of philosophy.
Relationship of Philosophy and Education:
Education who deals with the real facts of life,while philosophy is the arm chair theorist who is busy in speculations.
2. Education is practical in nature and philosophy is theory.
Relationship of Philosophy and Education:
Education as the modification of behavior, the direction in which modification to be carreid out is determine by philosophy.
3. Philosophy shows the way and education moves on in that direction.
Relationship of Philosophy and Education:
4. Education is a laboratory where philosophic theories and speculation are tests and made concrete.
5. Philosophy is wisdom; Education transmits that wisdom from one generation to the other.
6. Philosophy formulates the methods, education its process.
Relationship of Philosophy and Education:
PHILOSOPHY AND CURRICULUM
1. Philosophy is central to curriculum.2. Studying philosophy allows us to better
understanding school and its curricula.3. Philosophy is the beginning point in
curriculum decision making.4. Philosophy reflects one’s background and
experiences.5. Philoosophy may be defined as general
theory of education. It is a way of thinking that gives meaning to our lives( Dewey)
•Philosophy provides education, teachers and curriculum planners with, implementing and evaluating curriculum in shool.•It helps in answering what school are for, what subjects are important, how students should should learn , materials and methods should be used.
EDUCATION AND CURRICULUM RELATIONSHIP
Content of what is taught along with an overall process of how that content is to be taught, and instruction being the more detailed plans and the way those plans are implemented in order to teach the curriculum content, it becomes easy to understand that the two must be compatible in order to maximize student learning.
MAJOR PHILOSPHIES
The realistics idealism are spiritual , moral or mental unchanging
Approach that haas its central tenets that ideas are the only true reality.
Truth can be found through reasoning , intuition and religiuos revelation.
Teachers’ role is to bring latent knowledge and ideas to consciousness.
Teaching methods focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion, and socratic dialogue.
Learning is an intellectual process that involves recalling and workin with ideas.
1. Idealism
MAJOR PHILOSPHIES
In Idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individual’s abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society.
Curriculum is knowledge based and subject based.
The most important subjects are philosophy, theology and mathematics because they cultivate abstract thinking.
1. Idealism
MAJOR PHILOSPHIES
It based on natural laws, objectives and composed of matter.
People can come to know the world through thier senses and their reasons.
Aristotle believed that everything had a purpose and human’s purpose is to think.
Teachers’ role: is to be moral and spiritual leader and to be an authority.
Learning is just exercising the mind, and logical thinking are highest form.
2. REALISM
MAJOR PHILOSPHIES
The realist curriculum emphasizes the subject matter of physical world, particularly science and math.
Teaching methods focus on the mastery of facts and basic skills through demonstration and recitation.
Curriculum is knowledge based abd subject based.
Most important subject are humanistic and scientific subject.
2. REALISM
MAJOR PHILOSPHIES
It is based on change, process and relativity. Learning occurs as the person engage in
problem solving. Bothe learners and environment are
constantly changing. Teachers’ role is to focus on critical thinking. Teaching is more exploratory than
explanatory. Curriculum was based on childs’ experience
and interest and also problem solving activities.
3. PRAGMATISM( EXPERIMENTALISM)
MAJOR PHILOSPHIES
The nature of reality for Existintialsist is subjective and his within the individual.
A philosophy concerned with finding self and the meaning of the life through freewill, choice, and personal responsibility.
Teachers’ role is to cultivate personal choice and individual self-definition.
Teacher’s view the individual as an entity within a social context in which the learners must confornt other view to clarify his or her own..
4. Existentialism
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
The oldest and most conservatitive educational philosophy.
It is rooted in realism and lies on the past and stresses traditional value.
The aim of education is to ensure that students acquire understandings about the great ideas of western civilization.
The focus is to teach ideas that are everlasting, to seek enduring truth which are constant, and are not changing.
1. PERENNIALISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
The demanding curriculum focuses on attaining cultural literacy, streesing students grwoth in enduring disciplines.
Curriculum is subject centered and constant..
It emphasizes the great works of literature and art, the laws or principle of science.
1. PERENNIALISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
Traditional and conservatives philosophy based on idealism and realism.
This approach was in reaction to progressivist appraches.
Believe that there is a common core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic ,disciplined way.
The core of the curriculum is essential knowledge and skills and academic rigor.
Essentialist accept the idea that this core curriculum may change.
2. ESSENTIALISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
Schooling should be practical, preparing students to become valuable members of society.
Teachers are to help students keep their non –productive instinct in check, such as aggression or mindlessness.
Student should be taught hard work, rspect for authority and discipline.
2. ESSENTIALISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
It developed from pragmatism philosophy. Progressivist believe that education
should focus on the whole child rather than on the content or the teacher.
The learner is a problem solves and thinker who makes meaning through his or her individual experience in the physical and cultural context.
It emphasizes how, to think, not what to think.
Curriculum content is derived from student interest and questions
3. PROGRESSIVISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
John Dewey was its foremost proponents .
One of his tenets was that the school should improve the way of life of a citizen through expriencing freedom and democracy in schools.
Shared decision making, planning of teachers with students, students selected topics are all aspects. Books are tools rather than authority.
3. PROGRESSIVISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
It is opposed to:1. Rote learning2. Authoritarian teaching3. Over reliance on textbook
methods4. Intimidation or corporal
punishment.
3. PROGRESSIVISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
Based on socialist ideas. Reconstructiovist educators focus on the
curriculum that highlights social reform as the aim of education.
According to Brameld, the founder of social reconstructiovism,students and teacher must improve society.
Curriculum must be transformed in keepin with a new social-economic-political education.
Society is always changing and the curriculum has to cahnge.
4. RECONSTRUCTIONISM
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
For social reconstructiovist, critical theorist curriculum focuses on students experience and taking social action on treal problems, such as violence, hunger, international terroirsm and inflation.
4. RECONSTRUCTIONISM
CONCLUSION: Curriculum as a field of study with its
own methods, theories, and ways of solving problemm has influenced by history and philosophy.
We believe that no single philosophy,old or new, should guide decision about shool and curriculum
Curriculum planners need to help improve and design school practices in harmony with history of curriculum and philosopy of the school and community.
MAJOR EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
PERENNIALISM
IDEALISM REALISM PRAGMATISM(EXPERIMENTALI
SM)
Reality(ONTOLOGY)
A world of reason and God
A world of the mind
A word of things A wordl of experience.
Truth or Knowledge(Espitemology)
Reason and revelation
Consistency of ideas
Correspondence and sensation( as we see it)
What works , what is
Goodness(Axiology)
Rationality Imitation of ideal self, person to be emulated.
Laws of Natue The public test.
Teaching reality Disciplinary subjects and doctrine
Subject of the mind-literary, philosophical, religiuos
Subject of physical world-math, science
Subject matter of social experiences-special studies.
MAJOR EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
PERENNIALISM
IDEALISM REALISM PRAGMATISM(EXPERIMENTALI
SM)
Teaching truth Discipline of the mind via drill.
Teaching ideas via lecture, discussion.
Teaching for mastery of information-demonstrate, recite
Problem-solving, project methods
Teaching goodness(values)
Discplining behavior (to reason)
Initating hereos and other exemplars
Training in rules of conduct.
Making group decision is light of consequences
Whys school exist?
To reveal reason and God’s will
To sharpen the mind and intellectual processes
To reveal the order of the world and universe
To discover and expand the society we live in to share expereices.
MAJOR EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
PERENNIALISM
IDEALISM REALISM PRAGMATISM(EXPERIMENTALI
SM)
What should be Taught?
Eternal truth Wisdom of the ages
Laws of physical reality
Group inquiry into social problems and social science, methods and subject together
Role of the Teacher
Interprets,tells
Reports, person to be emulated
Display, impart knowldge
Aids, consultant
Role of the students
Passive reception
Receives, memorizes
Manipulates, passive participantion
Active participaton, contributes.
School’s Attitude towrads changes
Truth is eternal,no real change
Truth to be prererved, antichange
Always coming towards perfection ,oredrly change
Change is ever-present , a process.
PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES/ BELIEF SYSTEM IN EDUCATION:
1. Make People Healthy: Each extra year of a mothers schooling reduce the probability of infant mortality by 05 to 10%.
2. Increase Incomes: Extra year of schooling increase an individual person earning by 10%
3. Save Children Lives: A child whose mother can read its 50% more likely to live past 5 ages.
Education Plays important role in our society. Here is the 8 things which make education valuable:
PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES/ BELIEF SYSTEM IN EDUCATION:
4. Reduce Poverty in society: Educated persons earn money more so we can reduce poverty. With the basic reading skills 171million people could be lifted out of poverty.
5. Promotes Girls And Women Rights: Educated women and girls know About their social rights and increase women visibility in society.
6. Boost Economic Growth: Educated person thinks about country. Apply new ideas in economic So GDP (Gross Domestic Product) surely Increase
Education Plays important role in our society. Here is the 8 things which make education valuable:
PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES/ BELIEF SYSTEM IN EDUCATION:
7. Raises Crop Yields: Agriculture is very important part of human life. Population day by day increase and agriculture growth slowdown. Educated person apply new ideas to raise crop yields.
8. Fosters Peace: Educated persons always think about country development they don’t think about war. Improving higher education in middle areas we can reduce 30% risk of wars.
Education Plays important role in our society. Here is the 8 things which make education valuable:
UNEXAMINED ASSUMPTIONS:
1. Raises Crop Yields: Agriculture is very important part of human life. Population day by day increase and agriculture growth slowdown. Educated person apply new ideas to raise crop yields.
2. Fosters Peace: Educated persons always think about country development they don’t think about war. Improving higher education in middle areas we can reduce 30% risk of wars.