DETEMINANTS OF CURRICULUM

Presented By: Kamala Uprety MN 1st Year, LNC

Presented By: Kamala Uprety MN 1st Year, LNC

Meaning of curriculum

Definition Modalior commission :-

“Curriculum includes all the learner’s experiences in or outside that are included in a program which has been devised to help him develop physically, emotionally, socially, spiritually and morally.”

Definition A statement or written description of

activities of a given programme. A simple way of considering the

curriculum is to see in terms of four facets: Content, methods, purposes and evaluation.

PJ Hills (1982)

Purpose of curriculum

To guide teacher and learner To maintain the standard of service,

education and research To fulfill the need of the people To protect society from harm

Components of curriculum

Objectives of the course/programme Course contents Methods Materials Time and place Methods of assessment

Curriculum Determinants The curriculum is dynamic & will change, as the

influencing forces will differ with the time, like changes in knowledge, changes in concepts of the learner and the learning process, changes in school conditions &the widening of expectations of the role of the society.

The sociopolitical & economical situations; human & material resources; the advancement in science & technology; the external & internal support received, and the like will always have power over the curriculum & hence called the curriculum determinants

Curriculum determinants includes all those factors that influence in some way or other the process of curriculum making as well as the implementation of curriculum.

The influencing factors could have its origin in:

Philosophy Psychology Science Economics Sociology Politics

DETERMINANTS OF CURRICULUM

A curriculum planner should take into account of all those power factors existing within and outside the school system that may influence the curriculum design as well as its implementation.

Factors influence the curriculum design/plan/implementation such as follows: Power outside the System; the society is both a

source and influence whereby the school develops its objectives and curriculum. Some of the forces/ factors that exert a profound influence on curriculum are as follows:

Sociopolitical Forces: : Democratic ideals of pluralistic society reflected as social equity and justice in terms of policies on “equity of opportunity;” “regional balance”, “inclusiveness” and “self determination”, etc will influence the curriculum.

Cont. Scientific and Technological Development: The

state of advancement in scientific knowledge and access to modern technology affects not only the nature of curriculum but also the implementation of curriculum through its capability to use different educational technology.

Educational policy: Educational policy and regulation as the national and university level is the major factor that influences the type of programme offered in a country as well as the nature of the curriculum

Cont… Educational Philosophy : In case of

professional education, it is shaped both by the social environment and by the stage of development of professionals( the function of professional association and the council) delivering the service.

Academic Support from Other Disciplines: The support from other discipline is decisive factor in determining which subject should be the part of core curriculum and what content should it cover. Similarly, the interest of particular academic discipline is also important factor to considered.

Cont… The Society: The demand by the local community,

parents, clients and authorities as what capabilities are expected in the students are seen as the external influencing factors. Hence the expectations of society, professions, potential employers need to be considered.

The Political Commitment : No educational system can escape from the political community in which operates. Only with the support from the people at the policy making level, the education system can include the changes it sought to bring in the community. Further, the university’s commitment to internationalization of curriculum is an important factor.

Cont… Feedback from Hiring Agencies: The feedback

from the supervisors of the graduates in terms of their strength and weakness as human resources necessitates curriculum review.

International community: As the world has become a global village today, it is demanded that the students from one country get admission to educational institutions easily. Hence both the educational policy and educational standard of one country are needed to be at par with other country.

Cont.Power within the System: for the successful

implementation of the curriculum it is vital for both the curriculum planners as well as the implementers to recognize the influencing factors existing within the system and use it for their benefits.

Acceptance of the Curriculum:The curriculum has to be well understood and accepted both by the educational administrator as well as the teachers who are responsible to implement it as necessary change, and they should be ready to try it out.

Cont…In order to facilitate the acceptance the following

can be done. Involve the institutional head as well as

teacher in curriculum development process. Involve teachers in the developing the

evaluation system( plan & the measurement tool)

Involve the students in review. In fact students’ feedback should always be considered in reviewing the curriculum

Cont… Effectiveness of the educational Leadership:

The principal/ campus chief’s capacity to act as change agent plays an important role in the curriculum review and effective implementation of the curriculum.

Support from Higher Authority : It includes moral support as well as materialistic and logistic support received in the curriculum development as well as in its implementation.

Cont… Faculty Resources: The success of

implementing curriculum depends upon the adequacy and the capabilities of teachers in terms of number and the knowledge, skills and attitude they possess.

The Social Climate of the School: This is called organizational health and is manifested in terms of the morale of teachers and other staff within that institution. If the morale is high any innovation will be accepted more easily.

Cont… The status of Learning Resources: This include

physical set up like classroom, boarding facilities, library common room etc. ; educational equipments ( types, number and their maintenance) ;text book and reference material; and other logistics.

Students Acceptance of the Curriculum: If students find that the learning opportunities planned for them infeasible in terms of translating into the reality, it will be compel the curricular planners as well as the implementers to revise them. Also, drop out rate of the students strongly reflects the acceptance of the programme/ curriculum by the students.

Cont… Budgetary State: Definite financial sources and

their strong commitment to support the programme, and farsighted financial plan leading to self- sufficiency in future is needed for the sustenance of the curriculum or educational programme planned.

Administrative Support : Each and every person working within the educational institution contribute significantly one way or other in smooth running of the programme.

 

References Chaube S.P.(2002)Foundations of education (2ndedi)New Delhi:

Vikas publishing house pvt. Ltd india Iwasiw C.L. & Goldenberg D.(2010) Curriculum development in

nursing education (2nd edi.) New Delhi: Jones and bartlett pvt ltd india

Neeraja KP.(2003)Textbook of education (1stedi.)NewDelhi:Jaypee brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd

Singh .,(2012) Essentials of education(2nd edi.) Kathmandu: J B singh Hisi offset printers pvt Ltd

Thappa B.(2003) Nursing education( 1st edi) New Delhi: Jaypee brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd

SharmaS.(2014) Curriculum and its determinants Retrieved from:http://www.slideshare.net/.../