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Describe the different models ofcurriculum development

Recognize factors which contribute toeffective learning in your own practice

Select appropriate strategies in

changing a curriculum for your ownprofession

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from the Latin currere meaning to run

Systematic learning of a specific subject

Intended learning outcomes Useful subjects in this society

Means for personal improvement and

development

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Developed by Ralph Tyler

Ultimate Concerns: learning products

Four main questions

What are the educational aims? (intentions)

Which educational experiences? (content)

How to organize educational experienceseffectively (methods)

How to evaluate if the aims are achieved?(assessment)

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Characteristics:

Scientific / rational Focusing on how (not what) Specific & behavioral objectives

(structural) Evaluating curriculum with regard to

objective achievement or learningproducts (behavioral changes) Education=means Learners=passive /

Teachers=authoritative

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Strengths:

Rationality and logic

Providing a clear guide or blueprint (aims,experiences, outcomes, evaluation)

Can be assessed easily

Accountable Easy to follow

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Rigidity Nature of Knowledge: Fixed? or Evolving? Differences in understanding among

teachers (experiences, assumptions,values) Separation of objectives and

experiences (means-end)experiencesshould be more valued by learners

Difficulties in claiming expertise (teachersare learners too)

Difficulties in specifying all the objectives Dangerous in ignoring some important

objectives (hidden values)

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Ultimate Concerns: Learning Processes

Accdg to stenhouse

4 fundamental processes of educ.:1.Training (skills acquisition)

2. Instruction (information acquisition)

3.Initiation (socialisation and familiarisationwith social norms and values)

4. Induction (thinking and problem solving)

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Characteristics

learning experiences are intrinsicallyvaluable (not just a means)

knowledge & skills: not fixed,problematic & shifting

should focus on enquiry andexploration but not products

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Characteristics:

content: key concepts & procedures (e.g.causation in history; experimentation inscience)

Focus: classroom processes

Evaluation: subjective, qualitative comments

Learner=active, participating

Learners should participate in designingobjectives

Focusing on needs, growth and development

Teachers roles: as facilitators, assistants, learners

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Skilbecks Situation Approach:(main concerns: context and needs)

5 steps in curriculum process Situation analysis Goal formulation

Programme building Interpretation and implementation Monitoring, feedback, assessment &

reconstruction

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1. Select a curriculum development modeland identify how you would implement

that model in a nursing curriculum. Thecurriculum you are interested in could bea nursing program or a portion of thecurriculum.

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Learningobjectives/outcomes

Teaching and learningactivities

Assessment

On completion of thesession the student willbe able to:

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Consists of 68 stations

Each station, the student has a primary

task to accomplish Timed-10 minutes