CV301 Mod 5 Pavement Design Terms and Concepts

8/13/2019 CV301 Mod 5 Pavement Design Terms and Concepts

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PAVING MATERIALS

MODULE 5

Pavement Design Termsand Concepts



Technically, what is a pavement?

“Black Top” or “Tarvy” ?

“to pave” means “to cover with

asphalt, gravel, concrete, macadam,etc.”

A surface ?



Why build pavements?

Originally, footpaths sufficed

Increasing traffic and loads

Transportation

Quality Issues: drainage,

subgrade materials

John Macadam, 1756 - 1836



5.01 Define the term pavement as it isgiven by the MTO's Pavement Design

and Rehabilitation Manual .

"Pavements are layered structures ofselected and processed materials

which have been designed to resistsurficial wear, to support wheel loadsand provide drainage of water."



PAVEMENT TYPES

5.02 Identify the various pavement typesaccording to the following threeclassification methods:

a) Surface Typeb) Load Transmission

c) Composition

a) Surface Type: Bound or Unbound



b) Load Transmission

FLEXIBLE RIGID40 kN Load 40 kN Load

Typical deflection signatures

Stress istransmitted

through boundsurface layer to

underlyinggranular layers

Bound surface (slab)distributes stress over a

broader area, thusreducing the amount of

stress transmitted tounderlying material



c) Composition: Type of materials usedand arrangement/installation technique

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)



Asphalt Cement Concrete (Hot or Cold Mix)



Surface Treatment



Mulch



5.03 Identify the 3 key componentsto a pavement structure.

SURFACE

GRANULAR BASE

GRANULAR SUBBASE

5 04 Li h 4 f i f bi i



5.04 List the 4 functions of bituminoussurface materials.

provides resistance to surface wear

reduces surface water infiltration

provides a smooth and rideable finish

provides structural support to wheel loads

5 05 Id if h b d l f



5.05 Identify the two broad classes ofasphalt pavement surfaces and give

examples for each.MIX SYSTEMS

Hot and Cold Mixed Asphaltic Concrete Hot and Cold Mixed Stabilized Base

Recycled Hot and Cold Mixed Asphaltic

Concrete Travel Plant Mixes (cold)

Slurry Seal



LAYERED SYSTEMS

Penetration Primer

Surface Treatment

Macadam



5.06 Describe the materials andmanufacture of Hot Mix Asphaltic

Concrete.Materials:

a mixture of fine and coarse aggregate with

asphalt cementManufacture:

components are heated and mixed in a central

plant

mixture is hauled to site in special trucks andplaced on the road using an asphalt spreader



Manufacture (Continued):

designed, manufactured and placed withinspecified tolerances for use on high trafficvolume roads

5.07 Identify the use(s) of the following

MTO designations: HL 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8;HL 3 Fine; HL 3, 4 and 8 Modified;Heavy Duty Binder; DFC; OFC; and

Electrically Conductive Mix.

These MTO mixes are described in Table 5.01

5 08 D ib th t i l d

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/CV604%20MTO%20Hot%20Mix%20Designations%20-%20Table%204-01.pdf

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/CV604%20MTO%20Hot%20Mix%20Designations%20-%20Table%204-01.pdf



5.08 Describe the materials andmanufacture of Cold Mix Asphaltic

Concrete.Materials:

a mixture of emulsified asphalt or liquid

(cutback) asphalt and aggregateManufacture:

components are mixed at ambient air

temperature can be mixed in a central plant or in-situ on the

road surface with a travelling mixer such as theMidland Mix Paver or road mix mulch

pavements

M f t (C ti d)



Manufacture (Continued):aggregate and emulsified asphalt are delivered

to Midland Mix Paver separately and blended in

a pug millaugers distribute mixture to a screed which

uniformly controls the thickness of the cold mix

layeronce the emulsified asphalt in the mixture

surface starts to break or set, the mixture iscompacted

use in Ontario generally restricted to lowvolume rural roads, where HMAC surfacedpavements are not required



5.09 Describe the materials used

and general placement method forSurface Treatments.

consist of an application of emulsified or liquidasphalt and select aggregate over a preparedgranular base or existing surface

5 10 List the reasons for applying surface



5.10 List the reasons for applying surfacetreatments to:

a) granular road surfaces, andb) existing surface treatments or asphalticconcrete

a) to control waterinfiltration, providefrictional resistance,

improve ride quality &

control dust and stonepick-up

b) to restore frictionalresistance and reducewater infiltration

in general, on light to medium volume roads



5.11 Describe the materials/placement

and primary application for: MulchPavements, Slurry Seals, Fog Seals,Primers, Tack Coats and Granular

Seals.

These treatments are described in Table 5.02

5 12 Id tif th i i f h lt

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/CV604%20Other%20Bit.%20Surface%20Treatments%20-%20Table%204-02.pdf

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/CV604%20Other%20Bit.%20Surface%20Treatments%20-%20Table%204-02.pdf



5.12 Identify the origin of asphaltcement and the MTO grade

specifications (test and designations).

the majority of asphalt cements come from

petroleum distillation as do liquid (cutback)asphalts and asphalt emulsions (see next slide)

MTO has graded asphalt cements by standard

penetration number (PEN); eg: 85/100(hardest), 150/200, 300/400, 500+ (softest)

SUPERPAVE is a new mix design method that

replaces this grading system



Atkins, 2nd Ed.

5 13 Describe the 2 conflicting



5.13 Describe the 2 conflictingproblems related to asphalt cement

grade faced in Ontario. if a soft grade is used then rutting is a problem

in the hot summers

if a hard grade is used then low temperature

(transverse) cracking is a problem in the winter

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CV301 Mod 5 Pavement Design Terms and Concepts

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