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THE EARLY COLD WAR
THE EARLY COLD WAR
End of World War II
End of World War II Visions of a Postwar World
Germany? Eastern Europe?
Satellite States “Iron Curtain”
East Asia? Japan Korea
United Nations
Post-World War II Europe
“Iron Curtain”
Competing Ideologies
Command economy Dictatorship Warsaw Pact Comintern Gain global
influence Acquire natural
resources
Capitalism (free market)
Democracy NATO Containment Gain global influence Acquire natural
resources
USSR & EASTERN EUROPE U.S. & WESTERN EUROPE
Expansion of the Cold War
Arms Race Brinkmanship
Space Race Sputnik I (1957)
Global Containment Eisenhower Doctrine
Decolonization Proxy Wars
Latin America Africa
The Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin. The wall fell in 1989.
Cold War as a Global “War”
East Asia Chinese Revolution
1949 Mao Zedong People’s Republic of
China U.S. refuses to
acknowledge Communist China
Korean War (1950-1953) Korea remains divided
near the 38th parallel Japan
Rebuilt Japan fearing spread of Communism
Southeast Asia Vietnam War
Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh defeats France in 1954
Fearing spread of Communism the U.S. supports South Vietnam
North Vietnam, with help from Viet Cong, defeats U.S. and unifies Vietnam in 1975
Cambodia Khmer Rouge
Indonesia Bandung Conference in 1957
Khmer Rouge
South Asia
India Supporter of Non-Alignment
movement Received aid from USSR
Pakistan Received millions of dollars in
economic & military aid due to its location
Afghanistan Soviets invade 1975 Opposed by the mujahedeen Defeated Soviets retreat in1989
Middle East
Turkey Truman Doctrine
Iran Oil industry dominated by the
West Mosaddegh attempted to
nationalize oil industry in 1951 CIA overthrew Mosaddegh
Shah Reza Pahlavi made absolute ruler
Egypt Nasser received aid from both
sides
Africa
The Congo Gained independence in 1960
Patrice Lumumba is first prime minister Belgium reoccupied parts of the
Congo a week after independence Lumumba failed to get support from
U.S. Lumumba went to Soviet Union for
support C.I.A. helped stage a coup d'état
Mobutu Sese Seko Civil War breaks out in Congo
Laurent Kabila
Latin America
U.S. attempted to overthrow countries that attempted to go Communist Cuba
Cuban Revolution (1959) Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis
Nicaragua Resisted Sandinistas by supporting
capitalist Contras Guatemala
C.I.A. removed Jacobo Arbenz
End of the Cold War
End of the Cold War Destalinization
Nikita Khrushchev Détente
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) First major nuclear arms treaty
signed in 1972 President Nixon visits China in
1972 Helsinki Accords (1975)
No political boundaries should be changed by military force
Paved way for dialogue between U.S. and USSR
Mikhail Gorbachev
Begins series of reforms in 1985 Glasnost
Opened government to criticism Provokes criticism by minority
nationalities (nationalism) Perestroika
Free-market reforms Nuclear arms agreements
with Ronald Reagan Russia’s 1st free election
(1990) Replaced by Boris Yeltsin
First McDonalds opened in Russia on January 31, 1990
