CWEA SESSIONS v3Christine de Barbadillo, Black & Veatch Traditionally, grit system design criteria...

Annual Conference CWEA 20081

TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 1 - OPERATOR TRAINING - PREPAREDNESS AND SUCCESSIONSession Chair and Moderator: Ed Mann, Novato Sanitation District

1A1 Training the Next Generation of OperatorsJames Dix, Richard Gilliam, and Jason Sinkler, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

Are you apprehensive regarding a likely mass exodus of seasoned operators from your facility in the near future? If you are, then prepara-tions must be made to ensure a seamless transition from an experienced and knowledgeable group of operators to a crew that will, in all likelihood, be much less experienced and lacking the basic concepts of operations – troubleshooting skills, process control, PM, etc. This presentation discusses the manner in which an organization can address the influx of new operators through extensive continuing educa-tion and in-house training efforts to ensure that your operators of the future are well-trained and knowledgeable with regard to plant opera-tions.Email: [email protected]

1A2 Information, Involvement, Internet: The Three I’s of Writing a Useful O&M ManualLyn Gomes, Carollo Engineers

If you’d like to write an Operations and Maintenance Manual for plant personnel that they will actually use, then this is the presentation for you. We will break down the qualities of a useable O&M manual through the lens of the three I’s: Information, Involvement, and Internet. Many plants have O&M Manuals that are so old that the information is useless. What is known about the plant is contained in the heads of your senior staff. This is where the first I comes in - the Information must be captured. Then the second I comes in: Involvement. Plant staff must be involved in writing and reviewing the information. After that, the information from the involved staff must be put in an easily accessible format; for our project, this involved the company Intranet. Plant staff can call up an up-to-date O&M Manual from their desktop intranet connection.Email: [email protected]

1B A Wastewater Training SystemJames Mcpherson, Union Sanitary District

The Union Sanitary District set out to develop competencies tied to specific job functions throughout the operating groups; Plant Operations (PO), Collection Services (CS), Fabrication Maintenance and Construction (FMC). This need was evident due to the fractured approach to training. The effectiveness of knowledge transfer was a crap shoot with few outstanding systems and haphazard, check-in-the-box reactive programs. Development of Training Modules began, each module containing four elements. Development of 13 training modules to date in areas such as Jet Rodder Operator, Influent Pumping Operator, SCADA, Trouble Calls, and Point Repair have been completed. Future topics include Pump Station Mechanic, Engine Generators, and Anaerobic Digestion. This system can be applied to any utility service. Its significance is delivery of not just training topics but also a system to manage employees’ professional development from cradle to grave, impacting such HR issues as Employee Performance Review, Long-Term Staffing and Organizational Development.Email: [email protected]

1C Emergency Equipment PreparationEd Dunn, Precision Systems

In today’s uncertain world of power generation and distribution all municipalities should be equipped to operate their collection and/or distribution systems for extended periods of time without their primary power source. This presentation deals with the application of standby equipment to be used as a back-up to that loss. It presents general topics that should be considered by both operators and engineers with regard to designing, specifying, and operating standby equipment. Topics include: fuel selection, sizing of generators/pumps, sound at-tenuation, general maintenance, and warranties. The presentation is designed to provide people unfamiliar with the application of standby equipment items to consider prior to specifying their next piece of equipment. We also present real-life examples of other municipalities that were not prepared for their outages and what they went through during that outage so the attendee can learn from others’ mistakes.Email: [email protected]

Annual ConferenceCWEA 2008 2

TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 2 - ENGINEERING DESIGN - PLANT PROCESS & OPERATIONSSession Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & VeatchModerator: Randy Fiorucci, Black & Veatch

2A1 Removal of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge Incinerator Wet Scrubber Drainage Using Commercially- Available Rental Treatment SystemsCraig Mizutani, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

The Central Contra Costa Sanitary District (CCCSD) operates a multiple hearth sludge incinerator rated at 2.3 dry tons/hr. 48.4 lbs of Mer-cury (Hg) is fed to the incinerator every year. A significant amount of Hg is captured in the wet scrubber and ends up in the plant effluent. With new lower limits for Hg being implemented, CCCSD needed to find a way to treat the scrubber water to remove heavy metals in the event that our metals discharge levels were suddenly reduced. Companies that deal with environmental cleanup (such as contaminated groundwater) have specialized treatment equipment that is designed to mobilize rapidly and provide equipment to treat a wide variety of wastewater streams. Typically, this equipment includes settling tanks, filters, and carbon adsorption units. This paper presents the unique application of rental treatment equipment for treating a specialized wastewater stream to reduce copper by 95% and mercury by 65%.Email: [email protected]

2A2 Fast-track Delivery Analysis for a Wastewater Treatment Plant ExpansionHan Kang, Carollo Engineers

Due to significant growth in its service area, in 2005, the Moreno Valley plant saw increased influent flows that were approaching its rated plant capacity. Consequently, Carollo was retained by Eastern Municipal Water District to 1) define the scope of this entire plant expansion and 2) determine a project delivery method that achieves the necessary capacity goal prior to the needed time-line based on influent flow projections. Furthermore, when the future flow projections were updated, they were significantly higher than before, creating a critical chal-lenge in providing a step-wise increase in capacity ahead of the new projections. Based on various analyses of the existing plant and of available expansion options, the overall scope was ultimately divided into six separate projects to address the timing and the “bottle-neck” treatment processes. Specifically, four processes were completed within individual fast-track projects, and several others will be completed as early completion milestones within the major project.Email: [email protected]

2B Optimizing Headworks Design By Addressing Project Schedule ConstraintsRaluca Constantinescu, Anne Kernkamp and Maria Pang, CH2M HILL

This presentation discusses the challenges encountered in the design and procurement of a new Headworks influent screening system, and washing and compacting equipment for a city in Northern California. The discussion includes three perspectives: process design, con-trol system design, and project management.Due to schedule constraints, the project was set up such that the equipment specifications were developed early in the project under a pro-curement contract. The drawings and specifications for the installation contract were developed and put to bid after the bids for the procure-ment contract were received and evaluated. From the perspective of the installation contract, the influent screens and washer/compactors were Owner-furnished.The main project management challenge was coordination between contracts. The process design and equipment sizing needed to be far along during the development of the procurement specifications, while many of the process mechanical installation details were sorted out in the final design. The control system design took into consideration existing plant-wide controls and established City programming standards.Email: [email protected]

2C1 The Testing of Grit Systems - Understanding Fact and FictionChristine de Barbadillo, Black & Veatch

Traditionally, grit system design criteria have been based on the assumption that grit settles at the same rate as sand. Literature, such as MOP 8, indicates a grit generation rate of 0.5 to 5.0 cf/mg for separate collection systems and 0.4 to 10.5 cf/mg for combined collec-tion systems. This information has allowed treatment plant design staff to size grit facilities for many years. Recently, testing approaches have been developed that allow for accurate measurements of grit, allowing for a grit mass balance to be performed around grit facilities. Testing results from several wastewater facilities indicate that grit has a settling velocity about half that of sand resulting in radical changes


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

to traditional approaches. This paper will discuss the various grit testing methods that are available, the advantages and disadvantages of each test method, and implications of using results from the various test methods in the design of grit facilities.Email : [email protected]

2C2 Flow Splitting Optimization Using CFD ModelingEdward Wicklein, Beverly Kildare and Rick Chan, Carollo Engineers

The treatment capacity of many existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is being increased to meet demands of shifting popula-tions, changing regulations, and changes in wet weather flow management. The new treatment facilities require changes in how the plant flow is divided. During design of the new facilities, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling can be used to model flows through the system and evaluate and improve the geometry and/or operational strategy for dividing the flow stream. This presentation will cover two WWTP expansions recently designed in California. In the first system, the CFD model was used to develop a structure in the headworks to improve the flow distribution to the screen channels. For the second system the CFD model was used to evaluate how gates would have to be adjusted to balance the flow between five existing primary clarifiers, and two additional clarifiers being added to the facility.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 3 - ENGINEERING DESIGN - RECLAMATION & REUSESession Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & VeatchModerator: Rick Chan, Carollo Engineers

3A1 Design and Management Practices to Minimize Nuisance Algae in Recycled Water Storage ReservoirsRon Crites, Brown and Caldwell

Algae growth in recycled water storage reservoirs can produce nuisance conditions in both the reservoirs and in the operation of the sub-sequent recycled water irrigation systems. Aesthetic concerns about unsightly algae or odors from decaying algae can be a detriment to a successful recycled water storage system. Complaints from users of recycled water about clogged sprinklers and odors also detract from a successful operation. A survey was conducted of 22 municipal systems operating in California with seasonal storage reservoirs to deter-mine successful operating practices and lessons learned on the design and management of storage reservoirs.Email: [email protected]

3A2 Evaluation and Comparison of Screening Technologies to Remove Fruit Labels Prior to Recycle Filtration Kathy Marks, Carollo Engineers

Fruit labels and floating or “neutral buoyant” plastics have created filtration problems for recycled water systems. Carollo has been working closely with the City of Roseville staff to determine how to best resolve this issue. Fruit labels create unique difficulties as they tend to curl when placed in water and retain their ability to stick to surfaces even after the sticker has been through the treatment process. Continuous backwash filters provide a high quality effluent, although they do have difficulties with fruit labels and floating or “neutral buoyant” plastics. We have evaluated the operational procedures of the filters, as well as filter bags, manual screens and mechanical screens, at a number of locations within the plant. Carollo has also prepared an extensive evaluation of mechanical screening technologies specifically for the purpose of removing these nuisance plastics. The selection and evaluation process will be presented.Email: [email protected]

3B1 Stanford University: Water Reclamation at “The Farm”Curtis Lam, HydroScience Engineers, Inc. and Tom Zigterman, Stanford University

Stanford University planned the construction of their new Science and Engineering Quad (SEQ2) to receive recycled water for both toilet flushing and landscape irrigation. However, without existing available recycled water supplies, Stanford decided to scalp, treat, and reuse industrial process water from their Central Energy Facility cooling towers to create a new recycled water supply. This required construction of a new 60,000 gpd microfiltration/UV disinfection treatment plant capable of producing Title 22- quality recycled water. Special permitting for this project was also required through the RWQCB since this project does not utilize domestic waste as a water source and is not sub-ject to Title 22 requirements. To maximize reliability within a campus environment, storage facilities were located under SEQ2 (and other future reuse sites) to provide for one day of storage for landscape irrigation. These projects are scheduled to be completed during 2008.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

3B2 Advanced Recycled Water Treatment - An Effective Long-Term Strategy for Two AgenciesSanjay Reddy, Black & Veatch

Demands on local water supplies in Santa Clara County continue to increase. Current forecasts predict shortages of as much as 125,000 AF by 2030. The Santa Clara Valley Water District (District) and the City of San Jose are working jointly on ways to expand recycled water use to meet both water supply needs and wastewater discharge requirements. The District along with the City of San Jose has begun the implementation of an Advanced Recycled Water Treatment Facility (ARWTF) to meet their long-term recycled water goals. The ARWTF will use secondary effluent from the Santa Clara / San Jose Water Pollution Control Plant and provide advanced treatment with micro/ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection to produce high-purity recycled water with a total dissolved solids concentration of 50 to 500 mg/L.Email: [email protected]

3C1 Pasteurization of Reclaimed Water - Certification and Use of a Sustainable Disinfection TechnologyAndrew Salveson, Carollo Engineers and Greg Ryan, Ryan Pasteurization and Power

The concept of pasteurization of bulk liquid is well-researched as it pertains to the food industry. Data are available to track the disinfection of pathogens, including poliovirus, adenovirus, cryptosporidium, and various bacteria in juice and milk products. Until now, the disinfection of reclaimed wastewater by pasteurization has not been examined.Ryan Pasteurization and Power (RP&P) has funded Carollo Engineers, working with the California Department of Public Health, to re-search the novel application of pasteurization to wastewater. The research is complete and the technology has garnered Title 22 accep-tance.This paper will detail the RP&P patented concept to utilize waste heat (as part of co-generation) to sterilize wastewater, a sustainable ap-proach to energy use. Results indicate full reduction of coliform at high temperatures (>165 degrees F) and at short contact times (less than 10 seconds). Pathogen investigations also show pasteurization as a robust virus and protozoan barrier. Full results will be detailed at the conference.Email: [email protected]

3C2 AWTP Addresses Water Shortage Issue in AustraliaCindy Wallis-Lage, Black & Veatch

A severe water shortage throughout Australia has prompted the government in Southeast Queensland to implement a variety of programs to address pending water shortages. One of the key projects is the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project (WCRWP), which will reclaim water from municipal effluent for reuse to reduce source water demand by industrial users and possibly reservoir recharge. Three AWTPs will be constructed to treat secondary effluent from six wastewater treatment plants to provide an ultimate reuse water supply of 310 MLD. The first project, Bundamba-A, was placed into service in September 2007 with an initial capacity of 30 MLD. The second phase, Bundamba-B will go into service in mid- 2008 with an additional 30 MLD. The liquid stream process will consist of micro-filtration, reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation using UV- peroxide. Nitrogen and phosphorus will be removed from the RO concentrate prior to discharge to a brackish river.Email: [email protected]: Purple Water Flows - Lessons Learned from Installing a Recycled Water Distribution SystemGregg Cummings, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

Email: [email protected]

SESSION 4 - ENGINEERING & RESEARCH - BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT

Session Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & VeatchModerator: Pavitra Prabhakar, Carollo Engineers

4A1 Advances in Dewatering Technologies: Evaluation of High Solids BFP as Compared to Centrifuge TechnologiesAbu-Orf M. Mohammad, Metcalf & Eddy

This presentation will present results from pilot testing high solids belt filter press (BFP) against centrifuge technology at the Ocean County


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

Utilities Authority (OCUA), NJ. The performance of both high solids BFP and centrifuge will be compared in terms of cake solids, solids re-covery and operating costs including polymer dose, hauling costs of cake, and energy usage at three treatment plants of OCUA. The com-parison was part of selecting the proper dewatering technology at each facility. The three plants are the Northern, Central, and Southern Water Pollution Control Facilities. The biosolids at the Northern and Southern facilities are digested, thickened and hauled to the Central WPCF where they are blended with thickened digested biosolids, dewatered and dried using rotary dryers to produce a pellet known as OCEANGRO®.The paper will compare the operating costs and cake odor testing results that showed BFP cake produced no to little odor when stored compared to the centrifuge cake.Email: [email protected]

4A2 Full-Scale Pilot Testing of Innovative Belt Filter Press Technology: The Fresno ExperienceMatt Stucky and Steve Swanback, Carollo Engineers, Rick Staggs, City of Fresno and Bill Decker, Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Corp

The City of Fresno (City) currently treats 75 mgd average flow and annually dewaters 15,500 dry tons of biosolids with seven 2-meter belt filter presses. The City contracts with a private hauler for off-hauling to a composting/land application facility. Because of ever-increasing biosolids disposal, polymer, and power costs, the City is always looking for alternatives to reduce operating costs. In early 2007 the City was approached by Ashbrook Simon-Hartley to pilot test a new belt filter press technology using electro-kinetic geophysics (EKG). This paper will present the results of two side-by-side pilot tests. The first test is a comparison of a conventional eight (8) roll 2-meter Ashbrook Winklepress and a modified twelve (12) roll 2-meter Winklepress. The second test is a comparison of a conventional eight (8) roll 2-meter Ashbrook Winklepress and a modified twelve (12) roll 2-meter Winklepress using electro-kinetic geophysics. Results will include solids capture, throughput capabilities, and cake solids concentration.Email: [email protected]

4B1 The Addition of Chemicals to Biosolids Prior to Centrifuge Dewatering to Reduce Odor GenerationRobert Morton and Jim Barry, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts

The Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (Districts) are currently evaluating a number of chemical compounds for their effect on control-ling odor from dewatered biosolids. The tests are being conducted due to concerns with the possibility of increased odor generation from high-speed centrifuges that are being evaluated at the Districts’ largest wastewater treatment plant, the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant. High-speed centrifuges have been identified as producing dewatered cake with higher odor emissions than low-speed centrifuges or belt fil-ter presses. A series of tests were conducted onsite with a portable high-speed centrifuge and various chemicals added to digested sludge just prior to centrifugation. The products that were tested included aluminum-based chemicals and oxygen-release compounds. The odor control performance of the different chemicals was determined by analyzing the levels of volatile organic sulfur compounds (methyl mer-captan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide) in the dewatered cake.Email: [email protected]

4B2 Taking Steps Toward Sustainable Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG) ManagementKen Fonda, Brown and Caldwell and Bob Adamson, Central Marin Sanitation Agency

The Central Marin Sanitation Agency (CMSA), in collaboration with four other Marin County agencies, coordinated a Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) management feasibility study. The goals were to: Estimate the quantity of pumped FOG to be produced when the agencies imple-ment FOG control programs, requiring food service establishments (FSEs) to pump their grease traps and interceptors; Determine whether existing disposal sites were adequate to reliably dispose of the projected quantity of pumped FOG; and Examine the impacts and benefits of receiving pumped FOG in anaerobic digesters at one or more agencies. The study concluded that CMSA could arrive at a sustainable solution for FOG management in the County by off-setting natural gas purchase for power generation with methane generated by anaero-bic digestion of FOG. This could provide a reliable, affordable disposal option for FSEs.Email: [email protected]

4C Controlling Mercury Emissions from a Multiple Hearth Sewage Sludge Incinerator Exhaust Using Dry PowderCraig Mizutani, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

The Central Contra Costa Sanitary District (CCCSD) operates a multiple hearth sludge incinerator rated at 2.3 dry tons/hr. 48.4 lbs of Mercury (Hg) is fed to the incinerator every year. A significant amount of Hg is captured in the wet scrubber and ends up in the plant effluent. With new limits for the TMDL for Hg being implemented, CCCSD is investigating technologies to reduce Hg in its effluent. Source


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

Control programs have reduced influent Hg; however, additional means of removing Hg are still required. In the summer/fall of 2007, CCCSD constructed and tested a pilot plant that is based on dry powder carbon injection technology being used in the coal-fired power plant industry as well as fluidized bed sewage sludge incinerators. This process involves injecting dry carbon directly into the furnace exhaust where it adsorbs Hg and other contaminants and metals. This paper presents the setup and results of the pilot plant.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 5 - PRETREATMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, AND STORMWATER

Session Chair – Norman Domingo, South Bayside System AuthoritySession Moderator – Jack Betourne, City of Davis

5A/ 5B Construction Site Stormwater ComplianceScott Taylor, RBF Consulting

This presentation addresses questions every construction site manager should ask in regards to compliance with applicable federal and state stormwater regulations. • How can I comply with the NPDES permit requirements?• What are the pending regulatory changes?• What are effective erosion and sediment control BMPs for my projects?• How can I tell if BMPs have been installed properly?• What are the sampling and monitoring requirements for construction site operators?These sessions will feature information on construction site requirements & responsibilities; effective erosion and sediment control BMPs, inspection, monitoring and sampling; and site plan update procedures.Email: [email protected]

5C Saving Nemo: Utilizing a Cooling Tower to Prevent Effluent Thermal PollutionLyn Gomes and Tom Mossinger, Carollo Engineers

Thermal pollution is becoming a hot topic, no pun intended. Wastewater effluent can significantly alter the temperature of the receiving body. Elevated effluent temperatures can harm fish and other aquatic life and generate additional monitoring and compliance requirements. This presentation will look at two cases in which cooling towers were utilized to reduce the effluent temperature to comply with NPDES permits. We will look at how the systems were designed, design challenges, cost, maintenance, and performance.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 6 - PUBLIC EDUCATIONSession Chair and Moderator – Catherine Allin, City of Millbrae

6A1 Social Marketing – How Does It Translate Into a Winning Outreach Campaign? Lois Humphreys, TRG & Associates

It is believed by some that raising awareness in a population—increasing knowledge of an environmental problem—will cause individuals to become involved and change their behavior to solve the problem. According to most research, it is not enough to let people know that a problem exists. Awareness is the first step in the process but by itself doesn’t cause people to act. It is necessary to understand how people work through the complex decision-making process to change their behavior. Social marketing techniques, which involve various steps to persuade, motivate and ultimately change behavior, are considered more effective than simple awareness campaigns. So what real-world techniques and strategies work to make change happen?Email: [email protected]

6A2 And the Winner Is...Recognition for Your Plant, People, and Projects Through Awards ProgramsDianne Lee, West Yost Associates

The general population is aging, staff are retiring, and the workforce seems to be shrinking - finding, hiring and keeping top employees is especially relevant for municipal agencies. The effective use of industry award programs can be a great HR tool. Awards programs can


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

help you recognize and acknowledge outstanding staff members, and award-winning plants can give a better impression to prospective recruits and new hires. This presentation will cover the types of industry award programs out there, how to prepare a winning nomination package, and how and where to get help. Everyone wants to feel good about the work they are doing and the places they are working; participating in award programs can help you create that feeling for your agency.Email: [email protected]

6B1 Helping Wastewater Professionals See the Big Picture – EWA’s Regional Water Education DayKevin M. Hardy, Encina Wastewater Authority

Creating and maintaining an effective and motivated workforce is one of the Encina Wastewater Authority’s (EWA) six (6) strategic focus areas. Regional Water Education Day brings EWA’s wastewater professionals together with public and private sector leaders in the water community in an effort to promote mutual understanding of “big picture” issues affecting the water infrastructure in the EWA service area, here in California, across the county, and around the world. Staff strive to ensure that, to the participants, Regional Water Education Day has the look and feel of a one-day, offsite symposium: the event is held away from most employees’ normal work stations, meals and refreshments are provided, the speakers program is structured, note pads and pens are provided, feedback is sought, and all elements of the day are coordinated to maximize audience learning. This presentation will share lessons learned from the first two Regional Water Education Days.Email: [email protected]

6B2 Communicating Service Levels – The Importance of Customer Involvement and Employee Buy-InClaudia Goss, Sacramento Area Sewer District (SASD)

Clearly-defined service levels and service level targets provide a framework of expectations between SASD and its customers and stake-holders. As SASD began the process to establish its key Customer Service Levels, the underlying theme was to ensure that they were 1) relevant to our customers; 2) measurable, and 3) reportable. To begin, SASD internally identified five “pilot” service levels that SASD staff felt best represented what would resonate with customers. The next step was to involve the customer to gauge reaction on those levels, and to solicit further ideas. What Participants Will Learn:• How to involve customers and stakeholders in determining your core service levels • How to explain the importance of service levels to employees • How communicating service level reporting can affect overall agency performance• How data collection and reporting can re-focus the organization on what is most important• What service levels SASD usesEmail: [email protected]

6C Enhancements Lead to an Effective Sewer Science ProgramLynna Grijalva and Kumudini Dharmawardana, City of LivermoreThis presentation will discuss an enhanced Sewer Science Laboratory that offers agencies an effective program for reaching high school students. Three years ago, the City of Livermore extended its public outreach program to high schools by offering the Sewer Science Labo-ratory program originally developed by the City of Palo Alto and San Jose State University. In the week-long Sewer Science Lab, students prepare a simulated wastewater and analyze and treat the wastewater in a classroom setting. In the course of teaching the lab, the experi-mental setup was optimized in many ways, resulting in achieving excellent student involvement. Students gained a thorough knowledge in experimental design, problem- solving skills and critical thinking ability. The results of pre- and post-testing showed that students gained proficiency in the material covered in the program. The modifications to the “original” Sewer Science Lab proved to greatly enhance the effectiveness of the program. Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 7 - SAFETYSession Chair – Sibely Calles, City of ModestoSession Moderator – Rod McKinney, Truckee Sanitation District

7A Rewards and Challenges of Participating in Cal OSHA’s Voluntary Protection ProgramChris Dembiczak, East Bay Municipal Utility District

The EBMUD main wastewater treatment plant and three wet weather facilities have been certified star sites in Cal OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) since 2002. Learn what the VPP program is, what critical safety elements must be in place to participate, and the steps that must be followed to become a star site. EBMUD is one of only two public agencies in the state in this program. Both the rewards and challenges to obtain and maintain star site certification will be shared in this presentation along with some specific safety best management practices that EBMUD adopted as a result of participating in this program.Email: [email protected]

7B Heat Illness (Indoor and Outdoor)Cari Elofson, JoshuaCasey Corporate Training

California law requires employers to have a specific program for Heat Illness Prevention that identifies and evaluates workplace hazards and takes the required steps necessary to address them. Title 8 outlines the program requirements, which are vital to protecting the lives of California workers. Other states are expected to follow California’s lead! The State has also introduced the new indoor Heat Illness Preven-tion standard, and this will be discussed.Email: [email protected]

7C Why Nobody Likes Safety TrainingTim Page-Bottorff, JoshuaCasey Corporate Training

Awwww! Not Again! This is a typical sound when students are told that they have to attend a class that they know they will not enjoy. This presentation will guide the attendee on several methods to make classes more invigorating and stimulating for the student. The topics that will be covered are implementing audio/visual components into training, methods on humor during training, and how to use PowerPoint. One final note on the topic, the hierarchy of learning, will be a key element to understanding the needs of students (of course, something other than donuts!).Email: [email protected]

SESSION 8 - STUDENT PAPERSSession Chair and Moderator: Uday Khambhammettu, Metcalf & Eddy/AECOM

8A Lipid Productivity of Mixed Algae Cultures Grown on Dairy WastewaterIan Woertz, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo

Research by the Department of Energy (DOE) under the Aquatic Species Program concluded that cultivating algae for biofuels was cost-prohibitive at that time and that a more integrated approach should be studied by combining wastewater treatment with algal biofuel production. Nutrient removal, in particular N and P, from wastewater is becoming an ever more enforced process, and the use of algae cultivation could create a unique marriage between waste treatment and energy production. To investigate this possible synergy, bench-scale tests were conducted to determine potential algal lipid productivity with mixed-culture algae grown on anaerobically pretreated dairy wastewater in batch mode. Percentages of total lipid content varied from 8% to 29%. Total maximum lipid productivity was reached at Day 6 with 2.8 g/m2/day, which suggests a maximum productivity of 1,200 gallons/acre/year if scaled up. Ammonia (NH3) was reduced 96% to 1.1 mg/L NH3 (as N) and phosphate (PO43-) was reduced 100%.Email: [email protected]


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8B1 Removing Pond Suspended Solids Without Chemical CoagulationDaniel Frost (Student), Laura Fulton (Student), and Tryg Lundquist, Assistant Professor, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo

Ponds are the second-most common wastewater treatment technology in the U.S. Paddle wheel-mixed high rate ponds (HRPs), in particu-lar, can remove BOD and nutrients to low levels. However, most conventional ponds and HRPs have excessive effl uent TSS (algae), and addition of coagulation/separation equipment negates much of the simplicity of ponds. Extrapolation of data from many poorly performing HRPs indicates that soluble BOD is a key controller of TSS in the effl uent of algae set-tling units. One of our hypotheses is that sBOD promotes the formation of settleable algal-bacterial fl ocs. The primary facultative ponds typically placed upstream of HRPs remove the needed sBOD and lead to poor algae settling.Early results from our new pilot HRP facility show that use of primary clarifi ers rather than primary ponds vastly improves algae sedimenta-tion while still removing >90% BOD with a 3-day residence time.Email: [email protected]

8B2 Water Resources Institute Science-Based Learning Internship Program: A CSUSB Success StoryLisa A. Pierce and Melissa Quintana, California State University San Bernardino

The WRI at CSUSB is developing various Geographic-based digital mapping projects (Geospatial) in conjunction with various departments at CSUSB to develop an Applied GIS Internship program. These efforts use Geographic Information System technologies to help improve access to WRI’s historical water archives as well as allow researchers, students and faculty to apply our digital science methods to water-related research. The WRI has recently been collaborating with Faculty and interns from Computer Science, Geography, Art and various Natural Science departments. Projects have included a web search environment to locate historical water archives by watershed and to search our extensive historical aerial photos of the Santa Ana River. Our newest project will serve a “Green Assets” map advancing the Santa Ana River Regional Trail connectivity to the watershed. With the use of GIS, the collaborative opportunities for a virtual watershed-based vision is evolving, and our students gain applied science-based experience.Email: [email protected]

8C1 Effect of Integration Step Size on Numerical Simulation of Sequencing Batch ReactorsLale Guven (Student), Dr. Udeme J. Ndon (Professor), and Marta L. Siguan (Grad Student), San Jose State University

Numerical simulation of reactor processes is a necessary tool for predicting reactor performance. The anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) is widely used in the treatment of industrial wastewaters. We present the impact of integration step size for ASBR treatment of low strength wastewater at temperatures of 35°C and 25°C, at various substrate concentrations, and at various hydraulic retention times (48, 24, 16 and 12 hours). Results show decreasing system stability at higher integration steps and at low temperature of 25°C in comparison to 35°C. The modeling results were in agreement with results of laboratory studies and provide a mathematical approach for predicting the performance of ASBRs, and they also confirm the impact of integration step size on numerical simulations.Email: [email protected]

8C2 Wastewater Treatment Ponds: Institutional Barriers to Their Use in International Development PracticeKhalid Kadir, UC Berkeley

A substantial number of the centralized wastewater treatment projects undertaken in the developing world are expensive, energy intensive, high technology-oriented designs. These projects, such as activated sludge plants, often involve western-trained designers and technicians, resulting in high project costs and undermining long-term viability. Alternatively, natural systems including ponds and wetlands offer simpler, lower cost and maintenance solutions for wastewater treatment.In this talk I explore limitations to the application of alternative wastewater treatment technologies. As sanitation in the developing world is tied directly to poverty, this discussion is situated within the broader framework of poverty alleviation. In this vein I focus on two paradigms of the theoretical discourse surrounding poverty alleviation germane to the topic of sanitation: the rule of experts and the power of perception. Following this I discuss some of the ethical implications of our roles as technical experts in international development.Email: [email protected]


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SESSION 9 - LABORATORYSession Chair – Barbara Santos, City of Simi Valley

Session Moderator – Bill Ray, State Water Resources Control Board

9A Nocardia, A Biologist’s PerspectiveVictor Santa Cruz, Inland Empire Utilities Agency

A biologist’s perspective about Nocardia (Gordona) from behind the microscope. As more wastewater treatment plants are required to comply with nitrogen and phosphorus removal, Nocardia can rear its ugly head and impact not only operations but the laboratory as well. The myths and realities about this filamentous organism will be discussed including aspects associated with laboratory analyses.Email: [email protected]

9B Microthrix, The Next ScourgeVictor Santa Cruz, Inland Empire Utilities Agency

Microthrix parvicella has been a nuisance in Europe in a much greater scope than in the US. As more countries in the colder regions of Europe are required to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from their wastewater, longer detention times combined with cold weather has increased the chances that Microthrix can significantly affect operations and the laboratory. A few scattered cases in the US through the years has kept Microthrix at a distance, but as effluent discharge limits are tightened Microthrix cases are starting to rise, especially in States situated in the more frigid areas of the US. A close look at Microthrix and its ability to cause havoc is presented from a biologist’s point of view.Email: [email protected]

9C Immunological and Genetic AssaysVictor Santa Cruz, Inland Empire Utilities Agency

There is a new field emerging in the wastewater industry, and it is the use of immunological and genetic assays for the identification of compounds and organisms present in wastewater. An introduction to these types of laboratory analyses will be presented as well as case studies and ease of use.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 10 - COLLECTION SYSTEMSSession Chair - Lenny Rather, Oro Loma Sanitary District

Session Moderator - Bruce Corwin, CDM Inc.

10A Collections Systems by the NumbersJohn Larson, Larson Consulting

The most common question asked by collection system staff is “How are we doing?”. There are two common roadblocks to answering this question. The first roadblock is that there are no current benchmark data, and the data that are available have become outdated. The second problem is that most collection systems do not use their O&M data to effectively track performance.This presentation will cover the range of current benchmarks that are in use, and it will present new areas for consideration/discussion/ap-plication. This presentation will also update historical benchmarks using data from a variety of sources and, where possible, will develop common ranges. Participants should be able to apply the concepts and determine and track their relative system performance using this data.Email: [email protected]

10B City of Roseville - Development and Implementation of a Sustainable SSMPArt O’Brien, City of Roseville and Patrick Hassey, Brown and Caldwell

This presentation will describe the two phase approach that the City of Roseville utilized to create a stand-alone written Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP) that describes Roseville Wastewater Collection System and how it will be managed to sustain the infrastructure protect public health and the environment. This plan describes how Roseville is addressing each element of the SSMP contained in the


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State Water Resource Control Board’s Waste Discharge Requirement Order No. 2006-0003 to eliminate preventable Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs). Email: [email protected]

10C Digital Visual Sidewall Scanning (DVSS) Technology – Pipeline InspectionMike Russin and Bryan Fox, Advanced Infrastructure Technologies and Envirosight, LLC

Digital Visual Sidewall Scanning or DVSS relies on the proven inspection crawler platform to gather visual data within the pipe. Unlike tra-ditional CCTV, DVSS implements digital image processing to deliver information in an easy format. DVSS relies on software to manipulate video frames into a flat digital scan. This scan resembles a long mural or scroll, and it bears an image whose length corresponds to the length of the pipe, and whose height represents the pipe’s circumference, from 0 to 360 degrees. These scans capture detail greater than conventional video. Rather than sitting through hours of inspection video, an analyst can review an entire length of pipe at a time, quickly pinpointing problem areas and making annotations and measurements on the scan itself.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 11 - MAINTENANCE TRAINING – MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND APPROACHES

Session Chair and Moderator: Roy Reynolds, Orange County Sanitation District

11A Breakfast Meeting11B Maintenance Task Analysis (RCM LITE)Bob Bell, Orange County Sanitation District

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) provides organizations with a tool set to optimize equipment reliability and sustain the equipment for its expected design life. The process involved follows a rigorous detailed analysis of the functional requirements of the equipment as well as the anticipated failure effects. This presentation will discuss the implementation of a less intensive process based on the principles of RCM implanted at Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD). The presentation will briefly discuss the main concepts of RCM; the functional analysis of a lift station at OCSD, and the development of maintenance tasks from this process for a lift station at OCSD.Email: [email protected]

11C Maintenance Key Performance Indicators – If You Measure It, You Will KnowBob Bell, Orange County Sanitation District

Maintenance organizations increasingly find themselves out of the field and in the boardroom, educating the organization about the business of Maintenance. One of the challenges we face is communication. While we know our jobs, we often fail to effectively communicate the business of Maintenance. This is often true during the budgeting process, resource planning, and inter-agency benchmarking activities. This presentation will discuss the development of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) at Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD), the information required to support this program, and the benefits gained from measuring what you do against a target goal or standard.Email: [email protected]

11D Implementation of Predictive Maintenance Program in Orange County Sanitation District: Stage 1 – Vibra-tion Monitoring & AnalysisSantiago Escobar, Orange County Sanitation District

Predictive Maintenance philosophy involves using condition-based monitoring techniques to determine the health of a piece of equip-ment; as a result it is possible to schedule repairs before a failure occurs. Vibration Monitoring and Analysis is the dominant technique for condition monitoring of rotating machinery. This technique is used to analyze the vibration generated by rotating machinery to assess its mechanical condition.This paper presents the implementation process of Vibration Monitoring and Analysis Program in Orange County Sanitation District; includ-ing technical, organizational, and financial aspects with case histories.Email: [email protected]


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SESSION 12 - OPERATOR TRAINING – PROCESS OPERATIONS, TROUBLESHOOTING AND DECISION SUPPORT

Session Chair and Moderator: Ed Mann, Novato Sanitary District

12A Breakfast Meeting

12B1 Make Your Hydraulic Model Come Alive with Graphical InteractivityTony J. Park, Carollo Engineers and Raffi Moughamian, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

Hydraulics play an important role in the planning and day-to-day operation of a treatment plant. However, hydraulic models have been traditionally developed using input values embedded with detailed calculations in a spreadsheet. This type of model often lacks user-friend-liness, making it difficult for plant staff to evaluate hydraulic impacts.As part of Central Contra Costa Sanitary District’s Treatment Plant Hydraulic Capacity Evaluation Project, a hydraulic model was devel-oped with integration of a sophisticated graphical user interface (GUI). With this feature added to the hydraulic model, the end-user can essentially run the model by taking advantage of the user-friendly “click-and-configure” functions of GUI to turn treatment process units and other hydraulic elements on and off in a simulation. The strong benefit of incorporating GUI to the hydraulic model is that the plant staff can conveniently analyze hydraulic capacity for different configurations and plan for different operational scenarios with confidence.Email: [email protected]

12B2 Successful Integration of a 360 MGD Effluent Pump Station into OCSD’s Ocean Outfall SystemJonathan Hay and Jim Clark, Black & Veatch and Umesh Murthy, Orange County Sanitation District

The $44 million Effluent Pump Station Annex (EPSA) provides back-up pumping capacity for the existing Ocean Outfall Pumping Station at OCSD Plant 2. EPSA includes: three, 120 mgd, centrifugal pumps; three, 2 MW, emergency standby generators; electrical facilities; several hydraulic structures; and various appurtenances. The pump station began initial operation in 2006 after several months of sched-uled start-up testing and commissioning during which the pumps and support equipment were thoroughly tested and optimized. Success-ful construction and start-up of the new facilities entailed the application of advanced design techniques, phased construction, multiple plant outages to connect new facilities to the existing facilities, bypass pumping of raw sewage, innovative construction methods for large diameter pipelines, and a comprehensive testing and commissioning plan for the pumps and other equipment. This paper focuses on the unique features of the project, challenges faced during construction, and lessons learned in bringing the new facilities into full operation.Email: [email protected]

12C1 Experience with Biological Odor Control at the Southeast WWTP in San FranciscoNohemy Revilla, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

Biotechnology has become increasingly popular in recent years because it is a “green” and economical approach to odor control. This talk describes the results and findings of the returned activated sludge and scum/dewatering wet wells hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal with a BIOWAY bioscrubber pilot demonstration. This pilot test was performed from August to October 2006 at the Southeast Wastewater Treat-ment Plant.The objectives of this pilot test included investigating the efficiency of a bioscrubber in removing hydrogen sulfide from the contaminated air in the returned activated sludge (RAS) and secondary scum wet wells.Email: [email protected]

12C2 Challenges of Treating Low Alkalinity Wastewater with a High Rate Clarification ProcessAlbert Velasco and Domènec Jolis, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

The Northpoint Treatment Facility in San Francisco provides treatment to wastewater and stormwater when flows exceed the storage capacity of the collection system. Treatment problems were encountered during periods of rapidly changing, low influent alkalinity, resulting from heavy rainfall that greatly diluted the wastewater when ferric chloride was used as coagulant, as it would consume all of the available alkalinity and cause a drop in pH that would lead to a loss of flocculation. Aluminum-based coagulants, aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) and polyaluminum chloride (PACL), were chosen as potential substitutes because of their minimal impact to alkalinity and an online alkalinity meter was purchased to assist with treatment monitoring. After these changes, influent and effluent alkalinity values were kept almost iden-tical at the dosages required for treatment and removal rates for TSS, COD and turbidity averaged 82%, 70% and 91%, respectively. PACL and ACH were both very effective in treatment.Email: [email protected]


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12D1 Where is the E. coli? Recycled Water Coliform and PathogensRobert B. Holden, , James Heitzman, Patrice Parsons, and Tom J. Kouretas, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

The Salinas Valley produces much of the nation’s cool weather vegetables. Many of the crops are eaten without processing so it is impera-tive that recycled water used for irrigation be safe.Several studies: “Monterey Wastewater Reclamation Study for Agriculture” in 1987, “Monterey County Water Recycling Projects Food Safety Study” in 1998, and “Efficacy of Pathogen Removal at Full-Scale, Operational Water Reuse Facilities in Monterey, California” in 2003 have shown that recycled water is a good choice for food crop irrigation.The pillars of the recycled water safety program include:• Reduce coliform and pathogens as much as possible within the treatment process. This process includes exceeding regulatory

requirements.• Minimize contaminant introduction after disinfection. Several innovative ideas will be presented.• Minimize regrowth in the distribution stream. Study results will be provided to show the efficiencies of these techniques.Ten years of data will be provided to prove success in each area.Email: [email protected]

12D2 Optimization of MBR Operation at the City of RedlandsCoenraad Pretorius, Todd Sheldon and Graham Juby, Carollo Engineers

The City of Redlands operates a 6.0 mgd Membrane Bioreactor plant. The plant is under contract to supply treated effluent to a nearby power plant and must therefore consistently meet the effluent limits, including ammonia and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) limits. After start-up it was noticed that influent characteristics showed significant deviations from design assumptions. This made meeting TIN limits challenging. The BIOTRAN ™ process model was used to identify the optimum operating parameters that would allow the city to meet the effluent limits reliably and consistently, even as influent flow to the plant increases over time. The investigated parameters included mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration, dissolved oxygen concentrations and mixed liquor return rates. The effect of MLSS con-centration on aeration efficiency and membrane performance was also taken into account. The modeling results allowed the city to reduce MLSS concentration while continuing to meet the required effluent limits.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 13 - ENGINEERING DESIGN – WASTEWATER TREATMENT 1Session Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Justyna Kempa-Teper, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants


13B1 The Challenge of Grit Removal - The City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant’s ExperiencePei-Chin Low, MWH Americas, Inc. and Jerry Hernandez, City of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works

Most treatment plants have processes to remove grit from influent at the headworks, including City of Los Angeles, Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP). HTP has six aerated grit basins (AGBs), with grit removal system similar to many other wastewater treatment plants. HTP has been experiencing a decline in grit removal and thus has been investigating ways to improve grit removal performance, including alter-native grit pumps. Different pump alternatives were evaluated and HTP conducted a pilot test of a hybrid airlift pump that is currently not commonly used for grit removal in the wastewater industry. This hybrid pump is a cross between conventional airlift pump and a modified siphon-ejection pump, and the pilot test primarily included the hybrid pump and a carefully-designed conical bottom tank as a sedimenta-tion unit where grit was allowed to settle and could be quantified. The challenges experienced during the test, results and conclusion of the pilot test will be shared in this presentation.Email: [email protected]


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13B2 Increasing the Capacity of a Five-Stage Bardenpho Plant Without Interrupting Plant Operation - Installation and Operation Rajesh Doppalapudi and Rick Doeve, Carollo Engineers and John Jannone, Eastern Municipal Water District

Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) serves an area that is experiencing rapid growth. The Perris Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility will be expanded from a rated capacity of 11 mgd annual average flow (AAF) to 23 mgd AAF. However, influent flows are increas-ing so rapidly that the expanded capacity will not be available in time. Thus, the capacity of the existing plant had to be increased while maintaining effluent quality. The existing 8 mgd AAF Bardenpho process currently produces very low effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) concentrations (2.0 mg/L) compared to the required effluent TIN concentration of 10 mg/L. By sacrificing some of the TIN removal capabil-ity, capacity could be increased. Potable aeration equipment will be installed in some of the secondary anoxic zones, converting them to aerobic zones, thereby increasing capacity from 8 to 12 mgd AAF. This presentation deals with the installation and operation of the aeration equipment.Email: [email protected] Fitting a Round Peg in a Square Hole: Converting a Square Secondary Clarifier to a Circular ClarifierPriya Sathyanarayan and Dana Rippon, CH2M HILL, Tim Grillo, Union Sanitary District

Union Sanitary District (USD) is a 27.5 mgd ADWF wastewater treatment facility. The WWTP currently maintains an activated sludge process with six secondary clarifiers (4 at 90’ and 2 at 120’), all of which were constructed in a square configuration. Customized RSR mechanisms were installed in the square clarifiers and proved to be a maintenance challenge. Additionally, RAS return rate process control was inadequate. In 2005, improvements were designed to the four 90-foot clarifiers to alleviate intensive maintenance activities and en-able RAS control. To verify the efficacy of the improvements, USD constructed improvements only to Clarifier No. 2, with pre-construction effluent TSS testing conducted in September 2005 to provide a process performance benchmark. Post-construction testing was completed in March 2007, and proved no negative impact to effluent TSS values and some improvement to clarifier performance. Construction began on the three remaining 90’ clarifiers in 2007.Email: [email protected]

13C2 Sequencing Batch Reactors - Design Considerations for Simultaneous Nitrification and DenitrificationVamsi Seeta, Parsons Corporation

Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) have distinct advantages compared to continuous treatment systems and have been gaining popular-ity ever since their inception. There are a handful of manufacturers for the SBR systems with a few variations in the system design criteria as well as in the hardware used in the system. In spite of numerous installations world-wide, the process design of SBR systems does not have a clear and consistent design methodology. This presentation attempts to compare the design methodologies followed by various manufacturers and highlights the common design pitfalls. The presentation also includes a discussion on achieving simultaneous nitrifica-tion and denitrification in the SBR process. As the aeration is not continuous, it is a challenge to properly distribute aeration air across the basins, and this presentation attempts to present an optimum design methodology to estimate air requirements and their distribution.Email: [email protected]

13D1 Selection of On-Site Wastewater Treatment System for Water ReuseOnder Caliskaner and Brian Davis, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

River Highlands Community Services District provides sanitary sewer service for the community of Hammonton Gold Village located in a remote location in Yuba County, California. Yuba County is interested in an on-site wastewater treatment system due to the long distance to the nearest collection system. The selection of the on-site wastewater treatment system is made based on the following criteria:1. Qualifying Experience2. Schedule Control3. Procurement4. Quality5. Facility Startup, Training & Service Facilities6. Economic Assessment7. Process Flow Diagram & Equipment Description8. Preliminary Layout DrawingThe following 5 technologies were evaluated for the on-site treatment system: 1. Membrane bio-reactor followed by UV disinfection


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2. Up-flow sludge blanket filter followed by sand filtration and UV disinfection3. Moving bed bio-reactor followed by membrane filtration and UV disinfection4. Anammox microbial process with continuous backwash filtration and UV disinfection5. Sequencing batch reactor followed by chlorination.Email: [email protected]

13D2 Brine Treatment Alternatives for the New 6 MGD Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) Plant at Fort Irwin, CaliforniaMaryam Alborzfar, CH2M HILL

The EDR brine concentrate comprises 8 percent of the influent. A detailed technology analysis was completed given the limited water sources and the strict site limitations of Fort Irwin. Lime softening, reverse osmosis, mechanical evaporation and solar evaporation were selected to treat the brine concentrate thereby establishing a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) brine treatment plant. Treating the brine/concen-trate will ultimately increase the overall plant recovery to over 99 percent. The plant waste will comprise of non-hazardous salt crystals that will be disposed of in a nearby landfill. The challenges faced during design of the ZLD plant and advantages and disadvantages of similar facilities will be discussed.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 14 - ENGINEERING DESIGN – SUSTAINABLE & GREEN DESIGNSession Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Thomas Hendrey, Whitley Burchett & Associates

14A Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Plant Design - Principles and PracticesStephen Tarallo, Black & Veatch

Sustainable design in the sphere of wastewater treatment is the art of designing wastewater infrastructure in a way that reduces use of non-renewable resources, minimizes environmental impact, and is economically viable and socially responsible. Changing the paradigm of wastewater treatment planning and design has the potential to transform wastewater treatment from an energy-consuming and waste producing process to one with positive net energy production and minimal waste. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) process is a tool organizations use to evaluate the environmental impact of a product, process, or activity by examining the energy and materials used, waste generated, and ways of implementing environmental improvements.The speaker will explain the basic principles of sustainable design as it relates to wastewater treatment and disposal. Applying the LCA framework, the speaker will present real-world examples of sustainable wastewater treatment practices.Email: [email protected]

14B Wind Power Generation 101Jim Schettler, Brown and Caldwell

Renewable carbon-free wind power is garnering a great deal of interest, and globally wind power is one of the fastest growing types of electric power generation. Water and wastewater treatment plants are beginning to consider wind power generation as a potential source of Green Energy. This presentation is a summary of wind power generation as a viable form of renewable and sustainable green energy, along with summary of what wind power can and cannot do. This presentation is an overview of wind power generation and outlines the advantages, disadvantages, and siting issues associated with wind power. Included with this presentation is a history of wind power, a summary of leading wind power turbine manufacturers, as well as a map of wind power in the U.S. Also included is a comparison of two of the leading forms of renewable energy: wind power and solar power generation.Email: [email protected]

14C Fuel Cells - The Ultimate Green Energy SourceTom Mossinger and Doug Lanning, Carollo Engineers and Jalal Ahmadpour, Eastern Municipal Water District

This presentation will provide information on the successful implementation of digester gas-fueled fuel cells for the Eastern Municipal Water District. Fuel cells are the cleanest possible technology for converting digester gas to electricity. Discussion will present the many environ-mental and economic advantages of fuel cell cogeneration systems. An overview of digester gas as a fuel source will be given highlight-ing the issues specific to using digester gas. Discussions on gas treatment requirements will focus on current technologies used to treat


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digester gas such that it can be used as a fuel source to reliably generate power. Following this, an overview of current fuel cell equipment technology will be presented.This presentation will provide operational data for the new 900 kW fuel cell facility at the Moreno Valley WRF, as well as provide an overview of the recently designed 1200 kW fuel cell facility for the Perris Valley WRF.Email: [email protected]

14D The Cleanest, Most Efficient Cogeneration Technology for Digester GasSarwan Wason and Penny Carlo, Carollo Engineering and Lew Nelson, City of Tulare

This session will present a comparison of various cogeneration technologies for digester gas at WWTPs and procurement of fuel cell tech-nology on a competitive basis at the City of Tulare. The presentation will include competitive procurement strategy, lessons learned during installation of the cogeneration system, and operating and maintenance experience of the 750/900 KW digester gas-fueled fuel cell cogen-eration facility. Fuel cells provide the highest efficiency in converting BTUs in the digester gas to electricity and have lowest emissions. The cost of obtaining nitrogen oxide emissions offsets were also considered in the procurement comparison of various technologies including fuel cells, engine generators and microturbines. Advantages and disadvantages of various cogeneration technologies will also be presented. Dis-cussion will include gas treatment technology to remove contaminants from digester gas, including hydrogen sulfide, water and siloxanes, for better reliability and longer life with digester gas fuel.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 15 - ENGINEERING & RESEARCH - WASTEWATER TREATMENT 1Session Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Session Moderator: Michael Selna, Los Angeles County Sanitation District

15A1 What the Textbooks Don’t Teach You About Extended AerationPaul Friedlander, Whitley Burchett & Associates

Process parameters for conventional activated sludge are generally well-defined. There is less information widely available, however, for the extended aeration process. This presentation will review “textbook” values for various process parameters and present recent extended aeration modeling and full-scale treatment plant stress test data. Parameters include sludge yield, clarifier solids flux and solids loading, and overflow rates. These parameters highlight the differences between extended aeration and conventional activated sludge processes due to the incorporation of primary solids into the secondary treatment process, longer solids retention time, and the resultant differences in solids settleability. This information can be valuable for both design and performance evaluation of the extended aeration process.Email: [email protected]

15A2 Maximizing Nitrogen Removal at the Valencia Water Reclamation PlantJeff Weiss, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts

The Valencia Water Reclamation Plant (VWRP) consists of five parallel treatment units that have been operated for biological nitrogen removal since 2003. Originally, three of the units were configured for modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) operation. The other two units were operated as step-feed nitrification/denitrification (NDN) systems. In anticipation that the current discharge limit for nitrate nitrogen of 10 mg N/L will be lowered to 6.8 mg N/L in 2009, the Sanitation Districts began to research options for improving overall nitrogen removal at this space-limited facility. This research led to the testing of a hybrid nitrification/denitrification (NDN) process that combined features from both the MLE and step-feed NDN treatment configurations. The hybrid produced an effluent that was lower in nitrate nitrogen than either the MLE or step-feed treatment units. This presentation reviews the development of the hybrid process and provides an update on the Sanitation District’s efforts to convert existing treatment units at the VWRP to hybrid operation.Email: [email protected]

15B1 A New Process for Denitrification to Low Nitrogen Levels - Results from a Membrane Biofilm Reactor Pilot StudyShane R. Trussell, Trussell Technologies, Inc.

This paper investigates a new treatment process, called a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which promises to revolutionize water, water reclamation and wastewater treatment. An MBfR uses a membrane, not for filtration of water or mixed liquor, but to deliver H2 gas as an electron donor to autotrophic bacteria growing on the membrane surface that reduce contaminant oxyanions. The hydrogen gas diffuses


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through the “bubbleless” membranes that typically have no continuous pores. The main focus of this work is to remove nitrate from the secondary effluent to a low level (<2 mg N /L) for water reclamation using an in-novative hydrogen-fueled MBfR. Results from a nine-month pilot study will be presented with a focus on the effects of hydraulic retention time, recycle rate, hydrogen pressure, module configuration, loadings based on membrane area, and reactor volume on reactor perfor-mance both short-term and long-term.Email: [email protected]

15B2 Pilot Testing of Denitrification Filters at the City of Auburn WWTPDan Rich, NEXGEN Utility Management

The City of Auburn’s new discharge permit requires reducing effluent nitrate levels to below 10 mg/L as N. While readily accomplished by newer WWTPs, denitrification by conventional means (the MLE Process) represented an expensive and difficult-to-construct upgrade to the existing secondary process. Instead, a novel approach to denitrify the wastewater was pilot tested at the WWTP. The pilot test involved growing denitrifying bacteria within the plant’s deep bed sand filters by adding a supplemental carbon source (methanol) to the nitrified secondary effluent. The test was run at full-scale on one of the filter cells during the winter of 2006/2007. The denitrification filter successfully reduced nitrate to below the 10 mg/L nitrate N standard. The City is currently designing the full-scale project. The paper will present the testing workplan and results and discuss a number of important design considerations determined through the course of the test.Email: [email protected]

15C Meeting Secondary Treatment Criteria with Active Biosolids Enhanced High Rate ClarificationEd Fernbach, CDM

The objective of this research was to demonstrate the increased organics removal that could be obtained by using Actiflo® in a bio-en-hanced mode. Biologic solids of mixed liquor suspended solids are added a few minutes detention time upstream of the injection of sand, coagulant and polymer. This contact time allowed the MLSS to absorb colloidal and soluble organics prior to the rapid settling achieved in the Actiflo clarifier. The advantages of this approach are: Increased BOD removal during wet weather events and increased removal of constituents of concern like metals and PCBs where stringent water quality standards are in effect during wet weather events. Combined with an MBR and UV, Actiflo in lieu of primary clarifiers would result in an extremely compact plant footprint. Demonstration testing of this concept was completed at two treatment plants, and the results are contained in this presentation.Email: [email protected]

15D1 Enhanced Filter Pilot Tests Ask: “What More Can be Achieved?” Greg Humm, West Yost Associates

The City of Galt, California, is preparing for new NPDES permit limits through several studies and investigations. Treatment requirements focus on removal of inorganic constituents, trace metals, and organic compounds to meet the anticipated discharge limits. Compliance with the limits will require significant process improvements. Although the new permit will require tertiary filtration to reduce TSS and turbidity, enhanced filtration may achieve other treatment objectives. As examples, effective metals removal through filtration could eliminate con-struction of treatment wetlands, and denitrification in sand filters may be a cost-effective alternative to constructing anoxic basins.To investigate these treatment alternatives, the City is conducting side-by-side tests of three different filter technologies—membranes, cloth filters, and denitrifying sand filters—to determine whether these technologies also provide treatment benefits beyond simply meeting TSS and turbidity limits. Results of the filtration tests and conclusions regarding filtration capabilities for key constituents of concern will be presented.Email: [email protected]

15D2 Determining Cycle Times for Sequencing Batch ReactorsNitin Verma and Coenraad Pretorius, Carollo Engineers

Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) are extremely flexible, and the effluent quality can almost be manipulated on a batch-by-batch basis, assuming sufficient process control can be achieved, as suggested by the recent development of the so-called “Intelligent” SBR. Key to the flexibility is the ability to adjust cycle times. Current wastewater design references tend to avoid the topic of cycle times altogether or to


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suggest using predetermined cycle times. In operating plants, cycle times are often adjusted using trial-and-error. This paper will present an analysis of the SBR process and provide a method for determining optimal cycle times based on such variables as peak flow to average flow ratio, sludge settling characteristics, tank dimensions, and number of tanks in operation. For example, determining settling time should take into account the effects of the mixed liquor suspended solids concentration, the decant depth (itself dependent on tank dimensions) and sludge settling characteristics.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 16 – PRETREATMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, AND STORMWATER

Session Chair and Moderator– Norman Domingo, South Bayside System Authority

16 A, B, C, and D The FOG Challenge• Regulatory Perspective: Ken Greenberg, USEPA• FOG Program Development: Mark Kawamoto, OCSD• Collection System Issues: Gail Chesler, CCCSD• Large Agency FOG Program Implementation: Trish Maguire, EBMUD• Small Agency FOG Program Implementation: Steve Aguiar, City of Livermore• FOG Outreach and Education: Linda Dorn, SCRSDFats, Oils, and Grease. FOG. Grease. No matter how it is written, FOG remains a collection system and source control challenge for many agencies. The SSMP clock is ticking for agencies to get their FOG control programs up and running. This half-day panel presenta-tion will focus on all key aspects of a FOG program. These presentations and panel discussions will provide insights for developing, imple-menting, and funding effective FOG control programs. This session will include brief presentations and an extended panel discussion and question/answer session. The panel will address frequently asked questions about FOG programs and answer audience questions.

SESSION 17 – PUBLIC EDUCATIONSession Chair and Moderator - Catherine Allin, City of Millbrae


17B Capturing the Corn Without Disgusting Your Audience: How to Make Wastewater Treatment Sound InterestingLyn Gomes, Carollo Engineering and Linda Kekelis,Techbridge

Have you ever been reluctant to talk about wastewater for fear of grossing out your audience? Do you wonder how to make your job inter-esting and important? Do you want to inspire students to be future engineers or operators? If so, then this session is for you. The involve-ment of agencies and professionals in reaching out to students can dispel stereotypes and inspire them to consider careers in wastewater. This presentation will provide the tools to conduct successful outreach to middle and high school students. We will give you a “recipe for success”, a hands-on activity and ideas to host plant and office visits and school presentations. You’ll discover how you can make a dif-ference as a role model and ambassador for wastewater. Participants will receive tootsie rolls and CD-ROMs with activities and sample presentations.Email: [email protected]

17C and D Don’t Reinvent the Wheel: Beg, Borrow & Steal from Award WinnersCatherine Allin, City of Millbrae

Looking for the perfect solution to your public education/outreach challenge? The 2007 Public Education Award nominees and winners may have just the answer for you. Come learn about their programs and projects, and beg, borrow and steal the perfect idea to adapt for your own agency’s customers! Actually, you won’t have to beg. Find out how your agency can access the ideas and materials on display at this Public Education Presen-tation/Resource Fair. Featuring a wealth of effective public outreach materials and programs, all are available for you to review! Wastewater organizations across the state are participating in this incredible event by displaying and discussing their education and out-


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reach tools. Come learn how others are reaching out to their service areas and get ideas for your programs too. This is a great opportunity to exchange public outreach experiences, information, and strategies. Learn effective communication tools that you can implement into your own agency’s programs. Email: [email protected]

SESSION 18 – SAFETYSession Chair – Sibely Calles, City of Modesto

Session Moderator – Maria Sandoval, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

18A Online Safety Resources for the Wastewater IndustryDavid Patzer and Lorri McAuliffe, Online Risk Solutions, LLC

More and more, employers are using online safety training as a simple, affordable means to keep up with the countless training require-ments imposed upon them by OSHA. But – does online training really meet OSHA training requirements? This presentation will discuss when online training does, and does not; satisfy OSHA training requirements, how to get the most out of online training, and how to man-age your online training programs. Additionally, new and cutting edge online safety resources that are custom-made for the wastewater industry, including online programs that literally “build themselves,” will be presented. If keeping up with the myriad of safety requirements is a challenge for your agency, you will want to know about these exciting online options that are available. Email: [email protected]

18B Crane Regulations UpdateChris Smith, Crane and Lift Equipment

Discuss current crane operator certification requirements and what changes have occurred in certification categories. Look at what the future of certification is going to be and what other certifications may be needed to help maintain a safe work environment with cranes and comply with future regulations. We will also discuss what to do to maintain current operator certification and how to get other workers certi-fied as signalpersons and riggers.Email: [email protected]

18C Violence in the WorkplaceMaria Sandoval, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

Violence in the workplace is a serious safety and health issue. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), there were 564 workplace homicides in 2005 in the United States, out of a total of 5,702 fatal work injuries. There are currently no specific standards for workplace violence. However, this presentation will discuss the need for employers to have preventative measures in place to protect employees from violent acts. Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act, often referred to as the General Duty Clause, requires employers to “furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees”. Section 5(a)(2) requires employers to “comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act”.Email: [email protected]

18D Confined Space Rescue at a Wastewater Treatment PlantWilliam Toci, City of Burlingame Wastewater Treatment Facility

Review the process in which we put together our confined space rescue program that includes: equipment, training, outside agency coordination, and hurdles that must be overcome to enter and retrieve personnel from confined spaces found in the Burlingame Treatment Facility.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 19 – LABORATORYSession Chair – Barbara Santos, City of Simi Valley

Session Moderator – Tony Pirondini, City of Vacaville


19B Is There Permit Relief for Cyanide: Potential Impact of Recent Studies on Complying with Permit LimitationsTony Pirondini, City of Vacaville

In recent years, several cyanide studies have been performed to better understand why cyanide is being detected in wastewater effluents. Most of these studies have concluded that cyanide is a byproduct of chlorine disinfection and/or created in the dechlorination process. However, recent studies performed without pH adjustment have shed new light on effluent cyanide chemistry.These recent studies conducted by LA County Sanitation Districts and City of Vacaville scientists have demonstrated that most, if not all, of the positive interference in the total recoverable cyanide procedure can be attributed to the method-required pH adjustment of samples to pH 12. These recent studies conclude that the immediate analysis of unpreserved samples will eliminate most of the positive interferences identified in the total recoverable cyanide procedure, which should result in the ability of most wastewater treatment operating facilities to meet effluent permit limitations. Email: [email protected]

19C The ABCs of TREs and TIEsStephen L. Clark, Pacific EcoRisk

NPDES permits that require dischargers to perform Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing often require that follow-up studies be performed if toxicity is observed. The follow-up studies may be specified in the permit (e.g., accelerated monitoring) and/or may be required in the form of a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) workplan. A TRE is a step-wise process that combines evaluation of existing data with toxic-ity testing (i.e., a Toxicity Identification Evaluation [TIE]) to help identify the cause (and source) of the observed toxicity. The TIE consists of a 3-phased process used to identify the toxicant(s) that caused the toxicity: Phase I (characterization), Phase II (identification), and Phase III (confirmation). The required components of a TRE and of a TIE, as well as several TIE case studies, will be presented.Email: [email protected]

19D Biosafety in the Environmental LaboratoryRichard E. Danielson, PhD., BioVir Laboratories, Inc.

Samples of wastewater and associated biosolids derived from human waste streams potentially contain pathogenic microorganisms. Care must be taken in the laboratory to ensure the safety of laboratory personnel. Aseptic technique not only protects the laboratory worker but also preserves the integrity of the sample. This discussion will focus on laboratory safety in dealing with potentially infectious material as well as some of the methods used to detect these organisms. In addition, a relatively new area of microbial risk assessment will be dis-cussed, and examples of the application of microbial risk assessment will be presented.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 20 – COLLECTION SYSTEMSSession Chair – Lenny Rather, Oro Loma Sanitary District

Session Moderator – Tom Edwards, Duke’s Root Control


20B The City of Los Angeles Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP), An Advanced Infrastructure Asset Management ProgramFarsheed Farhang and Adel Hagekhalil, City of Los Angeles

The City of Los Angeles operates and maintains the largest sewer system in the nation, serving a population of over 4 million within a 600 square mile service area. The City’s system collects and conveys an average of 450 million gallons per day of sewage flow and consists of


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

more than 6,700 miles of sewers, 140,000 maintenance holes, and 46 pump stations.City sewers vary in size from as small as 6 inches to as large as 12 feet in diameter. The majority are small 8- to 15-inch diameter sewers which are the most susceptible to blockages and overflows. The City achieves outstanding sewer overflow control and mitigation through the implementation of a comprehensive and well-integrated Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP). Sewer overflows have been re-duced by about 70 percent since 2001. The City’s SSMP fully complies with the State General Waste Discharge Requirements (WDR) for SSMP development and implementation.The City continually enhances its system performance and successfully addresses the following three major challenges:1- Sewer overflows caused by rain2- Sewer overflows caused by blockages mainly due to grease and roots, and3- Sewer odors.Email: [email protected]

20C1 Creeks and Pipes. Why Can’t They Just Get Along?John Goodwin, West Yost Associates and Sami Ghossain, Union Sanitary District

Union Sanitary District operates an existing 33-inch diameter VCP gravity sewer that crosses under Alameda Creek, an identified steelhead spawning habitat. Over the years, progressive channel erosion has exposed the sewer, and the channel flow now cuts below the pipe.This presentation will identify the problem, describe the temporary emergency repair and pipe support work completed, and present the evaluation of various long-term alternatives to “remove the 750-foot long pipe from the bottom of the creek bed.” The project is a particular challenge due to numerous agencies having jurisdiction (including DFG and NOAA Fisheries).The alternatives evaluated included replacing the pipe with a multi-pipe siphon, constructing a pump station and force main (installed on an existing bridge or by HDD under the creek), and keeping the pipe in the same alignment by replacing with a pile-supported pipeline to span the creek bottom.Email: [email protected]

20C2 “The Sharks Smell Blood (SSOs)”. What We Did When the Lawyers and EPA Came FishingPhil Scott, City of Ceres

The City of Burlingame is a Tree City and has 100 miles of sewer mains, but the average age is 75 to 80 years old, and we maintain about 60 miles of laterals as well. We have been super honest, reporting every wet spot. Our SSO stats on the CIWQS website report are high when comparing SSOs per 100 miles of system. But we would rather be persecuted for doing the right things than for doing the wrong things and hiding them. The state report doesn’t differentiate between main and lateral SSOs or between Category 1 and Category 2 SSOs; lawyers and the EPA are pounding at our door. We would like to share our experience and indicate what we think helped our case and what kinds of things we might want to do better. Possibly, hearing our experience might help prepare you for that knock on the door.Email: [email protected]

20D Why Did the Chicken Cross Interstate 80 and Other Stories of Guided Auger BoringGlenn E. Hermanson, RMC Water and Environment

A sewer system capacity limitation in Vallejo, California led to the trenchless installation of a new gravity sewer pipe under Interstate 80. Traditional, unguided auger boring was specified in the contract documents to open the job to a large number of contractors. Minor adjust-ments of the 22-inch HDPE product pipe would rectify potential problems with the line and grade of the 243-foot long, 48-inch steel casing. Caltrans-approved structural details were provided for modification of the existing freeway soundwall piers to allow passage of the 48-inch casing.As an alternative to the specified approach, the contractor proposed guided auger boring (GAB) to install a 28-inch steel casing for the 22-inch product pipe. Precise line and grade of the casing would obviate the need for extra annular space for post-bore adjustments. Further-more, the smaller steel casing can pass under the soundwall without modification to its piers. Installation of the casing and HDPE product pipe was successfully completed in February 2007.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 21 – MAINTENANCE TRAINING - ENERGY SOLUTIONSSession Chair and Moderator: Roy Reynolds, Orange County Sanitation District

21A Fuel Cells - Basics, Emissions and EconomicsRichard Konieczka, Logan Energy

As related to stationary fuel cells in wastewater treatment plants, types of Fuel Cells will be discussed including electrolyte (Phosphoric acid, Molten Carbonate, etc.), capacity and manufacturers. There will be a brief and simple explanation on how Fuel Cells work. Emission charts will show the amount of CO2, VOCs CO, NOX and SOX per megawatt hour generated and how they are viewed by the air quality management districts of California. The physical size (footprint) will be covered for various capacities. Economics will include the effects of self-generation grant rebates and how they make Fuel Cells competitive with engines and micro-turbines. Photos will be included for a number of wastewater treatment plant installations around the country.Email: [email protected]

21B Putting Solar Where the Sun Don’t ShineRichard Konieczka, Logan Energy

Solar can be a nice addition to wastewater treatment plants. Currently, many plants have co-gen utilizing digester gas; however, few utilize solar energy; missing an opportunity for a cost-effective energy alternative. Solar energy is believed to be too expensive to be cost effec-tive; however, by utilizing Purchase Power Agreements with third-party financing, the tax advantages unavailable to non-profits can be captured to offset system costs. The California Solar Initiative (CSI) rebates can make this green technology affordable and cost-effective. Plants with available land can install ground-mounted systems up to 1 MW in size, generating clean, low maintenance, renewable power during peak demand periods. With rebates decreasing faster than system costs, the best time to add solar energy is yesterday - the next best time is today. Come and see if solar energy could complement your energy portfolio.Email: [email protected]

21C Power Quality SolutionsNathan Judd, Eaton Corp.

Evaluating power quality solutions is often very challenging. Symptoms associated with harmonic distortion, transients, voltage variations and grounding are relatively well understood for many power system applications. However, finding the right solution is challenging based on relative cost and technical advantages. Some solutions are significantly more cost-effective in the initial design stage, and some are appropriate as retrofit solutions. This presentation will provide recommendations for improving power quality, system capacity, and system reliability while evaluating economic considerations using case study examples. Special considerations regarding the application of genera-tors will be discussed. Finally, while reliability is typically the most important consideration, optimizing power flow, saving energy, and re-ducing the loading on the power system (all result in savings) will also be discussed. Some power quality solution providers claim that their product will save energy as well as improve power quality. This presentation will discuss these claims and the actual expected savings from these solutions. Videotaped demonstrations of power quality solutions will be used to reinforce the presented information.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 22 – OPERATOR TRAINING - ACTIVATED SLUDGESession Chair and Moderator: Ed Mann, Novato Sanitary District

22A Hydraulic Impact on Activated Sludge Quality and SedimentationBrad Musick, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

This presentation discusses how hydraulic loading (flow) impacts activated sludge quality and the secondary sedimentation process. Flow impacts on cBOD, nitrification, phosphorus removal, and selector effectiveness are all discussed. Operational suggestions will be provided that minimize the impact of high flows on the secondary process.Email: [email protected]

22B1 A Tale of Two FilamentsNeil Massart, Black & Veatch

Organic overloading from an industrial source and a blower malfunction combined to cause a BNR nitrogen removal plant to self-destruct.


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

This is a story about a 12 mgd facility that suffered a major process upset. Unlike other activated sludge plants experiencing organic overloading, this plant resisted conventional recovery efforts. Chlorinating RAS and re-establishing a good dissolved oxygen profile in the oxic zone did not result in system recovery. Quite to the contrary, filaments continued to flourish. This presentation will cover how filament identification is important to remedy plant upsets. The presentation will provide a detailed description of the actions taken (oxidant doses and nitrate doses) to re-establish a good microbial population and the lessons learned from this plant upset.Email: [email protected]

22B2 Fine-Bubble Diffuser Fouling In Nitrification Service; A Case Study In Los AngelesSlavica Dedovic-Hammond, Montgomery Watson Harza and Michael Bell, City of Los Angeles, Bureau of Sanitation

The City of Los Angeles has conducted testing of a new fine-bubble aeration system at its upstream plants using foul air from the primaries as process air in the activated sludge reactors. Diffuser fouling has resulted in decreased Oxygen Transfer Efficiency (OTE), increased back-pressure, and increased horsepower and maintenance requirements.The testing was to determine the source of fouling of the diffusers potentially due to:• Airborne particulates,• Precipitates such as carbonates and/or metal hydroxides on the liquid side,• Formation of a biofilm layer on the diffuser surface,• Large diurnal variations in air flow resulting in less-than-minimum flow per diffuser.This paper presents the results of the OTE testing and analysis of the diffusers and contaminants, the resulting recommended cleaning system and maintenance schedule, and a discussion involving a potential conversion (partial or full) to fresh air rather than foul air.Email: [email protected]

22C Nitrification Toxicity Evaluation Using Bench-Scale TestingBrad Musick, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

This presentation discusses the six bench-testing techniques utilized to evaluate a suspected ammonia toxicity issue in a NW wastewater treatment facility. The facility experienced a prolonged period of poor ammonia removal (nitrification). This has resulted in the facility exceeding permit discharge limits for most of a two-year period. Using a combination of both common and unique “real-world” bench-testing techniques, the plant’s potential to nitrify and the presence of toxins were investigated. The findings surprised everyone.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 23 - MBR & MEMBRANESession Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Shane Trussell, Trussell Technologies, Inc.

23A Advances in Membrane Systems for Water ReclamationDhiru Patel, LEE & RO

Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration membrane systems have made significant inroads into water treatment and wastewater treatment applications in recent years. When properly applied and operated, these systems offer attractive cost benefits to the Owners. Conversely, improper applications and/or improper operations and maintenance practices can cause significant problems for Owners and the system supply chain. Expanded user base has provided membrane suppliers the intelligence to adapt products to suit water and wastewater treatment market. This paper provides an overview of the current advances in membrane materials, system applications, operations and O&M practices. Three case studies presenting small, medium and large scale applications and two case studies involving a good application and an improper membrane system application are provided to enable potential users to avoid pitfalls. The case studies present relative cost benefits including capital costs, annual and life cycle O&M costs, ability to handle changing flows and water quality issues, regulatory constraints and system integration constraints. The paper will provide guideline to future users in selecting and optimizing membrane systems for meeting their specific needs.Email address: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

23B1 Integrated Design for a Membrane Bioreactor FacilityNicolas Cooper, Metcalf & Eddy

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) facilities until the past 5 years were of small capacity, usually less than 1 mgd. Almost all of the facilities were modular in configuration and tended to be complex in operation. For a medium to large municipal facility, features should be integrated to provide a single facility to the greatest extent possible. In this way, a complex technology will be manageable for a limited plant staff. The new Fowler Water Reclamation Facility has been configured for an initial capacity of 2.5 mgd with likely expansion to 7.5 mgd or more. This facility has the advantages of the MBR process but is one of the first to be configured for large scale operation. By integrating pro-cesses and equipment instead of a modular design, the operation can be simplified and operation costs reduced. Many of the innovative features developed overcome much of the complexity and expense of MBR facilities.Email address: [email protected]

23B2 Unique Procurement and Design for the City of Healdsburg’s MBR/Cannibal® Treatment PlantCraig Olson, HDR, Inc.

The City of Healdsburg’s new MBR/Cannibal® treatment plant was designed using a competitive equipment procurement processes. MBR suppliers submitted proposals for equipment and design services. US Filter|Siemens was selected to supply the MBR equipment. This selection opened the door for using the Cannibal® solids management process. The City negotiated an agreement with the process supplier to guarantee the upper limit of solids disposal, with a clause to protect the City in the event that the process performance is less than optimal. This paper will present the procurement and design process for this unique way to complete the process. Cooperation between equipment supplier and design engineer was excellent, resulting in three competitive construction bids, with the selected bid within 5% of engineering estimate (with a 5% contingency). The project is currently under construction.

Email Address: [email protected]

23C1 Large MBR ProcurementJustyna Kempa-Teper, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are a relatively new wastewater treatment technology that promises high treatment efficiency and a reduced footprint compared to conventional systems. As the MBR technology becomes widespread, an increasing number of large-size facilities are incorporating the MBR process. This raises new questions about the most effective membrane procurement, especially for large MBR plants. This paper will describe membrane selection steps and procedures, explain the operation and maintenance issues being evaluated, discuss the operation and maintenance findings, and name the most important parameters that should be considered in the membrane evaluation and key weighing factors that are applicable to the various criteria. This paper will provide differentiating factors for the flat plate membrane and the hollow fiber membrane. The paper will also describe how site-specific factors might help decision-makers narrow down the list of MBRs that would be most appropriate for a given application.


23C2 The Devil is in the Terms and Conditions - Procuring Membranes for ReclamationKenneth Abraham, Black & Veatch

Multiple vendors now market competing technologies to consulting engineers, contractors and directly to owners, often with limited knowledge of expected average feed water quality or typical variability. In order to address the risks inherent in this marketing approach, vendors protect their financial interests with sophisticated legal mechanisms including confusing “Terms and Conditions” and “Warranty Exclusions”. Once systems are operational, and should problems arise, Owners often find that significant, unexpected expenses are not covered by agreements in place.

Therefore, although membrane chemistries are interesting, and flux and permeability are important, what is absolutely critical in selecting membrane technology is evaluation of “Terms and Conditions”. Practical experience with applying a tested procurement approach and some surprising answers will be presented.


SESSION 24 - ENGINEERING DESIGN - PROJECT MANAGEMENTSession Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Alan Wong, Metcalf & Eddy

24A1 Program Implementation with Focused Core Team DevelopmentJim Devlin and Jerry Kipp, CH2M HILL; Bill Davis, Black & Veatch; and Dave Evans, CWC

Clean Water Coalition (CWC) has undertaken the planning, design, and construction of the $600 million System Conveyance and


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

Operations Program (SCOP) to improve the water quality of Lake Mead. As a young agency, the CWC has implemented a unique approach to project execution by assembling a core program team consisting of a Lead Design Engineer (LDE), Construction Manager (CM), and seven Final Design Engineers (FDEs) to develop SCOP from preliminary design through construction. This approach has enabled the relatively small agency to execute a very large program to completion by 2012.During preliminary and final design, the LDE is responsible for preliminary designs up to a 30% level of completion, with the CM providing program scheduling and construction planning. During final design, FDEs will complete designs for nine packages with the LDE providing design administration.Email: [email protected]

24A2 Construction Cost Escalation Calculation ModuleJerry Dehn, CH2M HILL

Predicting the escalation of construction costs has been quite challenging since early 2004. This is primarily due to a couple of factors: (1) An increased demand for a number of material commodities (steel, copper, concrete, petroleum) has led to significantly higher material prices and (2) An increased demand for construction allows contractors to be more selective in how they bid projects. CH2M Hill has developed an Escalation Calculation Module (ECM) to assist in forecasting the escalation of construction costs, by specific types of projects. The ECM takes into account the typical material and labor mixes for a given project type. Fifteen project types currently exist in the module, ranging from wastewater plants to airport hangars to bridges. The tool addresses price changes by utilizing a number of indices that forecast changes in the costs of labor, consumables, and materials. The tool forecasts escalation for up to 10 years.Email: [email protected]

24B1 Special Equipment Procurement: You Can Always Get What You Want…UsuallyDennis Gellerman, RMC Water and Environment

The selection of specialized equipment has a major impact on the reliability and efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities. Procurement strategies that can assist agencies in securing the optimum equipment can be of great value. However, restrictive public bidding laws and funding restrictions can make the selection of equipment difficult. City councils and District boards are usually reluctant to authorize sole-source equipment selections without substantial justification. Over the past several years a number of wastewater treatment facilities have been successful in implementing a number of equipment procurement strategies for specialized process equipment including UV disinfection systems, recycled water media filters, and flocculating clarifiers. These experiences will help agencies with the following: when to use special procurement methods, methods of procurement, ensuring a high-level of competition, bidding law restrictions, funding agency restrictions, evaluation methods, terms and conditions, example procurements, and keys to successful procurement.Email: [email protected]

24B2 More, More, More - Pump Station Improvements Add Capacity and MorePatrick Fuss, West Yost Associates, Ali Gharegozloo and Antoniao Tovar, City of Stockton

The City of Stockton’s 1990 General Plan identified significant growth for northern areas served by the 14-Mile Slough Pump Station, an interim facility with a capacity of only 3.75 mgd. A new station was needed to meet a capacity of 27 mgd (700% increase). Along with more capacity, the new station had to do more to address maintenance (including grease issues) and be more operator-friendly. To accomplish this, the design consists of two trench-type wet wells. The trench wet wells provide a means for the station to be self-cleaning. The dual wet wells allow operators to perform work in one wet well while retaining the ability to pump flow. High-groundwater and poor soils typify the site conditions. This paper presents the decision process that led to this design and the construction challenges that were overcome in imple-menting such a large trench wet well.Email: [email protected]

24C Secondary Process Selection for Rancho California Water District Nitin Verma, Coenraad Pretorius and Graham Juby, Carollo Engineers and Andy Webster, Rancho California Water District

Rancho California Water District owns and operates the Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility (SRWRF) in Murrieta, CA. The wastewater treatment processes at the SRWRF include headworks, grit removal, secondary treatment (in Sequencing Batch Reactors [SBRs]), tertiary filtration, and disinfection with chlorine. Waste solids from the SBRs are aerobically digested and dewatered using belt filter presses. Based on influent flow projections, the plant’s rated capacity needs to be increased from 5.0 mgd to 9.0 mgd.


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

Numerous expansion alternatives were developed. There were a total of four biological treatment alternatives: expansion of the existing SBR process; conversion to an extended aeration process; conversion to a conventional activated sludge process incorporating primary treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion; and conversion to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. This presentation will describe the challenges faced by the District, the development of treatment alternatives along with the cost estimates, and the approach used to select the most appropriate treatment alternative.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 25 – ENGINEERING & RESEARCH - DISINFECTIONSession Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Carlos De Leon, Black & Veatch

25A1 Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Evaluate Flow in a Serpentine Chlorine Contact BasinThomas Molls, Chris van Lienden, Nichole Baker and Marilyn Bailey, RMC Water and Environment

Typical chlorine contact basins have a serpentine configuration. To provide adequate detention time, a contact basin should promote plug-flow conditions and minimize dead-zones and short-circuiting. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate several contact basin design alternatives by performing numerical tests on a computer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The CFD model will be used as a “vir-tual laboratory” to test three design variables: (1) the bend opening, (2) guide walls, and (3) a hydrofoil. The affect of the design variables on the performance of the contact basin will be assessed by: (1) comparing the CFD predicted flow field downstream of the bend with the plug-flow condition, (2) qualitatively analyzing the numerically-generated dye test patterns, and (3) comparing the CFD-predicted detention time with the theoretical plug-flow detention time. The information presented will help engineers design efficient chlorine contact basins.Email: [email protected]

25A2 Virus Inactivation with Sequentially Applied Free Chlorine and ChloraminesChi-Chung Tang and Shiaw-Jy Huitric, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts

The Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (Districts) have developed an innovative scheme for disinfection of the fully nitrified reclaimed effluent produced from its facilities. This scheme, named “sequential chlorination,” applies free chlorine followed by chloramines (added as ammonia followed by additional chlorine) for disinfection. Previously presented results from plant-scale testing at four water reclama-tion plants operated by the Districts demonstrated that the sequential chlorination process effectively disinfects treated effluent with respect to indicator bacteria and produces much less NDMA than chloramination alone. Results also suggested that effective disinfection may be achievable with lower CT values. To determine the appropriate CT values for the process, the Districts are conducting bench-and-pilot scale experiments on virus inactivation. Preliminary results from a bench-scale study indicate that the process could achieve 5-log inactivation of two surrogate viruses (MS2 coliphage and poliovirus) with chlorine contact times far shorter than those currently required for unrestricted reuse in California. Email: [email protected]

25B1 Combining UV and Chlorine for the Disinfection of Reclaimed EffluentsNaoko Munakata, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts

The two most common methods of disinfection at wastewater treatment plants are chlorination (with chloramines or free chlorine) and UV irradiation. Combining these two methods (“combined disinfection”) may take advantage of the strengths and mitigate the disadvantages of each technology with respect to disinfection efficacy, byproducts, and operations. For example, combined disinfection should produce fewer disinfection byproducts than chlorine alone, should be more effective against adenovirus, and should allow easier adjustment to high flow conditions than UV alone. The Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (Districts) have been evaluating combined disinfection for per-formance, synergistic or antagonistic effects, and the effects of disinfectant order (applying UV vs. chlorine first). The Districts are conduct-ing bench-scale experiments with both free chlorine and chloramines, in parallel and in sequence with UV disinfection, with DI water and fully nitrified/denitrified secondary effluent samples. This presentation will discuss the results, as well as plans for pilot-scale tests.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

25B2 The Certification and Use of Ozone for Reclaimed Water DisinfectionCari Ishida, Carollo Engineers

The disinfection capability of ozone and ozone/peroxide for drinking water is well quantified. Research on these technologies in wastewater show substantial destruction of trace pollutants (endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), etc.) at low ozone doses (<5 mg/L). What has not been sufficiently demonstrated is the pathogen disinfection ability of ozone in wastewater.Carollo Engineers, working with Applied Process Technology, the California Department of Public Health, and Biovir Laboratories, has com-pleted detailed testing of ozone dose/response to various pathogens, including poliovirus. The research team is investigating the impact of contact time, temperature, pH, alkalinity, and solids on wastewater ozone disinfection. One example finding is lack of impact of solids (as measured by turbidity, particulates, TSS, and BOD) on ozone disinfection performance. The final result of the research is the certification of ozone and ozone/peroxide for reclaimed water disinfection. The paper and the presentation will detail the full results.Email:[email protected]

25C1 Evaluation of Chlorination Disinfection Requirements for Membrane Bioreactor PermeateBruce Mansell, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts

California requires disinfection of reclaimed water, with a minimum CT value of 450 mg-min/L for unrestricted use. Although this value was based on disinfection by chloramines after media filtration or carbon adsorption, it is applied to all chlorine disinfection processes and tertiary effluents. The purpose of this study is to determine protective requirements when free chlorine (a stronger disinfectant than chlo-ramines) is used to disinfect MBR permeate (typically fully nitrified, and higher quality than media filter effluents). Bench- and pilot-scale experiments were conducted, under normal operations and simulated membrane failure conditions, to determine (1) the inactivation of two surrogate viruses, MS2 coliphage and poliovirus; (2) inactivation of total coliform; and (3) formation of trihalomethanes. Results show that free chlorine is very effective for inactivation of the indicator microorganisms at CT values much lower than the current requirement, and that significant THM formation can be avoided at these CT values.Email address: [email protected]

25C2 Advanced Treatment for NanopollutantsGary Hunter, Black & Veatch

Regulatory attention is turning to removal of endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) and Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) due to concerns regarding their potential environmental and health impacts. These nanopollutants are not easily removed by conventional wastewater treatment processes. The City of Phoenix is investigating the use of various disinfection alternatives at its 91st Avenue Wastewater Treatment Facility due to operational and compliance problems using UV alone. Disinfection combinations being tested at the pilot facility include UV, Ozone, UV/Ozone, UV/Peroxide and Peroxide/Ozone. With concern over nanopollutants in mind, the City of Phoenix has extended the scope of pilot testing to include evaluating removal of nanopollutants by these disinfection technolo-gies. This presentation will include a discussion of results from the pilot testing, and the cost implications of each technology for the City of Phoenix.Email address: [email protected]


Session Chair – Norman Domingo, South Bayside System Authority

Session Moderator – Michael Li, South Bayside System Authority

26A Bringing Food Service Establishments into ComplianceRyan Harrison, City of Palo Alto

Food Service Establishments (FSEs) discharge Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG) that can cause increased maintenance costs and sanitary sewer overflows. The overflows can lead to health and environmental impacts as well as liability exposure for the collection system opera-tor. Storm water violations are also very common at FSEs. Since 2006, the City of Palo Alto has visited over 300 FSEs and conducts rigorous inspections and enforcement for both FOG and stormwater violations. Find out how to ensure that restaurants are in compliance with the local requirements. Learn how to determine if drainage fixtures are plumbed correctly and that grease removal devices are sized, functioning and maintained properly. See Palo Alto’s new electronic inspection form and database. Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

26B1 Sanitary Sewer Management Plans – the Hands-On Approach to SuccessDavid Balgobin, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

Most owners and operators have developed management practices for operation, maintenance, capacity and condition assessment, and sewer overflow response that are relevant and appropriate for their system. The SSMP serves as one document that records the manage-ment practices and may identify management gaps and remedies where improvement is needed. For very small collection systems it may be appropriate to use all manual management systems. However for collection systems serving rapidly growing communities and for large systems, it’s appropriate for system management to include computer information management systems (CIMS) and hydraulic models. This presentation examines the development of an agency SSMP for several different types of agencies and what steps each agency took to implement their SSMP. Specifically, the SSMP development and implementation for the City of Manteca, the Santa Barbara Airport, and the Community of Twain Harte are presented.Email: [email protected]

26B2 Using Customer Surveys To Develop and Implement Initiatives to Improve City of Los Angeles’ Pretreat-ment Program and Transform Relationships With Its CustomersRonald Mayuyu, City of Los Angeles

In January 2006, the City of Los Angeles, Industrial Waste Management Division initiated a Customer Service Survey of permitted industrial facilities. The survey was conducted as part of the Division’s efforts to recognize customer needs and develop specific goals to continu-ously improve its pretreatment program.Results from the survey challenged the Division to overcome the “business as usual” environment by developing aggressive and far-reach-ing goals to meet and surpass the customer‘s expectations. By focusing on the customer, employees from all levels collaborated to gener-ate new and creative ideas to improve its customer service.The Customer Service Survey is transferable to any local pretreatment program. It’s an effective template to use and develop new perfor-mance goals and to overcome deep-seated client relationship challenges facing a department or a division. Procedures in developing a customer service survey and lessons learned from the survey will be discussed in this presentation.Email: [email protected]

26C Inefficiency and What You Can Learn From ItKristofer M. Zanardelli, City of Roseville

The present work force is becoming segmented and we have two distinct age groups with different experience. This experience gap can create inefficiencies in inspections. These inefficiencies lead to wasted man-hours and unhappy users. Commentary on how best to unify the young and more seasoned generations of source control staff will be shared. Case studies will be presented detailing the City of Roseville’s experience in cultivating a young Source Control staff and the resulting inefficiencies from the collective inexperience and lack of inter-departmental knowledge.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 27 – GOVERNMENT AFFAIRSSession Chair – Nichole Baker, RMC Water and Environment

Session Moderator – Jim Clark, Black and Veatch

27A1 Intergovernmental Interaction in the Development of a Recycling ProjectHarold Bailey, RMC Water and Environment

The City of Chula Vista, Otay Water District, and Sweetwater Authority cooperated in a feasibility study for a satellite water recycling facility that would provide additional capacity for Chula Vista and supplement irrigation water supplies for the water agencies. The project would involve utilization of City of San Diego facilities for disposal of excess or off specification recycled water and for biosolids processing. The program would also interface with the City of San Diego Water Department whose operations may be affected by the project. The key regulatory agencies that would be involved are the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the Coastal Commission. Each of the agen-cies has different goals and objectives. The presentation will explore the influences of these constraints on the form of the project and the processes used or to be used to engage the agencies in the development of the project.Email: [email protected]


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27A2 From the Other Side of the Table, An Elected Official’s ViewLayne T. Baroldi, Orange County Sanitation District

While working at the Orange County Sanitation District as the Legal and Regulatory Affairs Liaison Layne was elected as a Council Mem-ber for the City of La Habra Heights in 2007. Layne has been working in the industry for 20 plus years with 19 of the years being with OCSD. During this presentation Layne will share his experiences sitting on “the other side of the table” while serving as an elected official.Email: [email protected]

27B The Global Warming Solutions Act and Its Impact on Wastewater Treatment PlantsStephanie Cheng, CH2M HILL

This presentation will outline the requirements of the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB32) and identify the potential im-pacts of upcoming state regulations on POTWs with respect to mandatory reporting and emissions reduction measures for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This presentation will also outline the proactive measures currently being taken by the WWTP industry to meet future requirements of AB32, such as communication and collaboration with the California Air Resources Board and the California Climate Action Registry, development of the California Wastewater Climate Change Group, and development of protocols to estimate GHG emissions from wastewater treatment processes. This presentation will further outline potential GHG reduction strategies for POTWs, such as energy ef-ficiency projects, and discuss the potential for inclusion of POTWs in a future carbon trading market.Email: [email protected]

27C Regional Water Quality Control Board’s Perspective on Current and Upcoming Regulations Pamela Creedon and Ken Landau, California Regional Water Quality Control Board – Central Valley Region

An update of current and upcoming regulations will be presented.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 28 – SUPERGROUPSession Chair - Jim Heitzman, Marina Coast Water District

Session Moderator – Paula Riso, Marina Coast Water District

28A1 Managing Your CareerJim Heitzman, Marina Coast Water District

Learn some of the how, when and where to take charge of your career in water/wastewater. You might be in the lab, operations, main-tenance, safety management etc. and this session could provide some benefit to your knowledge in how to manage your career. It will provide tips on education, job information, salaries, benefits and overall opportunities. The retiring Baby Boomers are leaving a wide-open field of opportunities for those who are preparing for the future. Come learn some of the opportunities that will be available and how to manage your career to be prepared to take advantage Email: [email protected]

28A2 Getting Your Electeds and Staff on Board - A Compelling Case for Asset ManagementPervaiz Anwar, Brown and Caldwell

While many Asset Management (AM) principles are selectively, and successfully, being applied at many utilities, broader application of AM in all facets of utility management continues to be a challenge. It is principally because of a lack of a compelling case, which resonates with two important institutional stakeholders: policymakers and front-line operators. Based on actual success stories, this presentation makes the case. From the policy-makers perspectives it shows that AM can lead to continued strong bond ratings, managed and predict-able rate structure, and improved decision making based on appropriate balance among costs, benefits, and risks. From the operator’s perspective, it shows how asset management tools, processes, and methodologies can help with their day-to-day activities while boosting their knowledge and skills for personal advancement and added organizational responsibilities. In short, the presentation makes a compel-ling case for its stakeholders.Email: [email protected]


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28B1 Basics of a Business Case EvaluationJay Cha, Sacramento County Sanitation District No. 1 (SASD)

Sacramento County Sanitation District No. 1 (SASD) conducts business case evaluations (BCE) to determine the most cost-effective solu-tions for problems with their pump stations and pipelines. The alternative with the lowest cost projection over 40 years is selected as the solution to the problem. Although the most cost-effective solution may be intuitive, it is important to conduct a BCE to confirm and document the decision. In order to evaluate the true cost of each alternative over a 40-year life cycle, all costs associated with each alternative should be included. These costs include maintenance and operations costs, life cycle costs, and risk costs. Conducting BCEs helps ensure SASD meets service level targets at the least cost to the customer.Email: [email protected]

28B2 How to Establish RatesLindsay Synsteby, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

MRWPCA bills bimonthly for sewage treatment. Categorical rates are determined by three components: average daily flow, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids, (SS). These three components are entered into a rate formula that is determined by what it costs MRWPCA to operate the collection and treatment facility. This formula is computed by a rate model designed for MRWPCA. Sometimes these components change, so MRWPCA will conduct a rate study. To conduct a rate study the categories daily flow, BOD, and SS must be determined. MRWPCA takes a sample survey of twelve months of water usage. From these numbers an average flow is determined by dropping the highest and the lowest flow. BOD and SS are determined by sampling. Once all of the data are in, then MRW-PCA will decide if a change is necessary.Email: [email protected]

28C Sustainability – It’s the Latest Buzz Word, but What Does It Mean for Your Agency?Peter Kistenmacher, Matt Hoeft, and Emmalynne Hu, RMC Water and Environment

Due to societal pressures, an increasing number of water and wastewater agencies are incorporating sustainable development principles into their planning processes, and with rising energy prices and new State regulations such as AB 32 taking effect, agencies are feeling even greater pressure to implement sustainable technologies in their daily operations. This presentation will: 1) introduce the concept of sustainable development in the context of the water and wastewater industry, 2) provide an update on the latest drivers and regulations pushing agencies towards sustainable development, and 3) provide examples of practices (e.g. life cycle assessments) and technologies (e.g. alternative energy sources) that have already been embraced by agencies throughout California. The goal of this presentation is to help agencies understand the implications of the latest sustainability buzz and to help them begin to identify steps that their individual agen-cies can take towards sustainability.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 29 – BIOSOLIDSSession Chair – Jonathan Hay, Black and Veatch

Session Moderator - Bob Gillette, Carollo Engineers

29A1 Optimizing Solids ProcessesPeter Brady, Alpine Technology, Inc. and Troy Reynolds, Metso Automation, Inc.

Costs associated with wastewater treatment and operations have been escalating, and in 2006 WERF approved a major solids optimiza-tion project to contain and manage these costs for rate-payers. Solids treatment operations (i.e. sludge thickening, dewatering) and solids handling, transport, and disposal account for a significant portion of the annual budget at wastewater facilities. On a 2001 WERF Dewatering Optimization Project operations staff identified a need for an on-line sensor, which would be capable of reli-ably measuring percent solids, both in liquid and dewatered cake. The speaker has been involved in development work on such sensors for three years and will report on several full-scale field tests.The speaker will also provide data from several solids optimization projects he is currently working on, and will use content from a paper he presented at the 2007 WEF Biosolids Annual Conference titled “The Optimized Bioenergy Plant.”Email: [email protected]


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29A2 Drying with Manure Digester GasTodd Jordan, Carollo Engineers and John Lande, City of Monroe, WA

The City of Monroe, Washington is addressing the long-term goal of providing sustainability to their biosolids management plan. Sludge drying was identified as a sustainable alternative, but there were concerns whether it was cost-effective. The Qualco Energy Corporation is constructing an anaerobic digester at the Monroe Honor Farm to process manure. Monroe and Qualco are teaming up to benefit from each other’s project. Monroe would utilize digester gas for the proposed drying system, which could provide fertilizer for the farms cattle feed crops. This presentation will present teamwork challenges and identify alternatives to lower costs for a new sludge drying facility.Email: [email protected]

29B1 San Francisco’s EMS Program – Shining a Light in the Dark Corners of the PlantNatalie Sierra, San Francisco PUCThe City and County of San Francisco’s Wastewater Enterprise (WWE) is one of the demonstration agencies for the National Biosolids Partnership’s EMS program. In the course of implementing the EMS at the WWE’s Water Pollution Control Plants, we have discovered several areas needing attention and improvement. For example, when evaluating the critical control points for WWE’s Southeast Plant, Engineering and Operations discovered that the septage receiving area was not well-monitored, and there were no good data on quantity and quality of septage, or even if those discharging were permitted to discharge. With the help of the WWE’s BERM, the septage receiving program was audited and improved upon to allow the City to have tighter control around this process step. This talk will discuss this and other ways that the EMS helps draw attention to overlooked areas in the treatment plant. Email: [email protected]

29B2 Application of Numerical Methods to Design of a Wind Attenuation Scheme for a Biosolids Composting Facility in Kings County, CaliforniaWendy Wert, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles CountyThe Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (LACSD) is designing a biosolids composting facility in Kings County. Regional permitting conditions guide the development of windbreak specifications. In 2007 the Air District passed Biosolids Rule 4565 as a portion of their EPA sanctioned ozone compliance plan. As a proactive response, LACSD combined state-of-the-art mathematical methods with site-specific monitoring data to develop a responsible wind attenuation scheme for this facility. Site-specific wind directions and velocities were established by applying statistical methods to data. Barriers were strategically located to maximize velocity reduction. Velocity reduction across a barrier is related to three factors: speed, permeability, and height. Research conducted by the University of Alberta summarizes these relationships in a general formula for oblique, stratified winds that applies to all leeward positions. As a function of the design velocity and developed site conditions a tiered approach is required to achieve the desired level of protection. Email: [email protected]

29C Fuel Cells: The Talk of the Town, But How Do They Work and Why Would You Use One?Thomas D. Hendrey, Whitley Burchett and Associates, Inc.Fuel cells are the talk of the town lately. But what are they, how do they work and why would you want one? Fuel cells are a different technology for the conversion of energy from one form to another - from chemical energy (fuel) to electrical energy - compared to most other systems making electrical power. The typical fuels for electrical energy production are coal, petroleum, natural gas or, in the case of wastewater plants, methane produced in anaerobic digesters. Fuel cells are a way to convert the energy in methane gas into electrical power plus useful heat energy.Fuel cells make the energy conversion in a liquid phase instead of combustion in a boiler, engine or turbine. This presentation will cover how the energy conversion takes place in a fuel cell, what different types of fuel cells there are, what the limitations of each type are and why you might want to consider using a fuel cell.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS


Session Moderator - Jody Allen, South Placer Municipal Utility District

30A1 Planning and Implementing a Flow Monitoring SystemKimberly Maker and David Guhin, City of Santa Rosa, Utilities EngineeringThe City of Santa Rosa has recently upgraded and expanded its existing sanitary sewer flow monitoring system to assist in the manage-ment and analysis of the collection system. The existing ultrasonic meters, originally installed in the 1980s, were replaced with non-contact radar sensor type meters, and the number of permanent metering locations was expanded from twenty-one to thirty-four. Additionally, data transfer technology was changed from dial-up modem/DOS-based to a cellular/internet-based system. The implementation of the new monitoring system will provide valuable flow data for Inflow and Infiltration analyses. This presentation examines the upgrade and expansion in four parts: identifying the need for the system, metering site determination, tech-nology selection and uses of the data. The goal of this presentation is to provide lessons learned as well as a framework of best practices to be incorporated into the planning and implementation of a sanitary sewer flow monitoring system.Email: [email protected]

30A2 Gated Cross Correlation Velocity - A Breakthrough Technology for Wastewater Flow ManagementPaul Mitchell, ADS Environmental ServicesWastewater treatment plant and collections system operators increasingly rely on flow monitoring data to validate system performance and to justify asset management and capital improvement decisions. Thirty years ago, the first velocity technology was developed enabling direct measurement of flows in open channels and was based on the Doppler principle. Most open channel flow meters today rely on Dop-pler technology to measure velocity.Doppler meters all operate in the “frequency (shift) domain”. The newest velocity technology advancement is based on Pulsed Cross-Cor-relation, which operates in the “time domain” and measures time-shifts of wastewater particles’ reflection signatures. This technology has the ability to produce extremely stable and accurate velocities from less than 0.05 ft/s to greater than 15 ft/s.This presentation contrasts Pulsed Cross-Correlation technology to Doppler technologies and presents case studies of the first two North-American applications of this new technology. Limitations in application of the technology will be discussed.Email: [email protected]

30B Lift Station Performance Evaluation & Flow Monitoring for the City of Bend, ORKevin Krajewski and Derek Wurst, V&A Consulting EngineersThe City of Bend, Oregon has over 80 lift stations. There was concern that the stations were not operating as efficiently as designed. Determining the current efficiency and performance capabilities of the pumps in operation is particularly important as many of the drainage basins upstream of the lift stations are known to have infiltration and inflow (I/I), and the operational capacity of the lift stations was ques-tioned. The objective was to gather data and pump performance information for 40 of the lift stations to determine the baseline flow rates of the lift stations, and to determine the volume of I/I entering the lift stations during periods of wet weather. Capacity issues may be due to poor pump performance, excessive I/I flow into the lift stations, inadequate design capacity of the pumps, or a combination of issues. The study involved pressure monitoring, and open-channel, closed-pipe, and volumetric flow monitoring.Email: [email protected]

30C Protective Coatings & Linings For Brick and Concrete StructuresRocky Capehart, Raven Lining SystemsThe presentation will illustrate that Coatings & Linings provide solutions in Wastewater; for infiltration/inflow control, corrosion protection and structural enhancement. Recommendations will be given on how to select the right systems and to match problems with solutions. Dif-ferent product options will be discussed for corrosion protection, Infiltration/Inflow control and structural renewal. Some underground coating installation variables include ambient and time related conditions, facility accessibility, certified equipment for quality installation and required coating thickness for service requirements and longevity. It will be pointed out that a number of public agen-cies have reviewed & tested many available coating systems for structural capabilities and corrosion resistance.


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Some recommended objectives are included (i.e.: Proven and tested products and equipment, proper surface preparation, proper adhe-sion of coatings and linings to substrates, quality assurance and quality control during construction, qualified contractors, specific inspec-tion and testing parameters, trained inspectors and third party testing.)Email: [email protected]

SESSION 31 – MECHANICAL MAINTENANCESession Chair and Moderator: Roy Reynolds, Orange County Sanitary District

31A Handling, Mounting and Lubricating of Anti-Friction BearingsGary Schepker, NTN Bearing Corp. This will be a fifty minute powerpoint presentation on handling, mounting and lubricating of ball and roller bearings.Email: [email protected]

31B Belt Filter Press: Maintenance, Operation and Process Part 1Paul Bland, Ashbrook Simon-Hartley

Discussion and presentation regarding Belt Filter Press and Gravity Thickener sludge conditioning, process variables, optimization, and troubleshooting. Additional topics include: Types of polymers, polymer systems, retention times, mixing energy, and different types of machines. The presentation also includes discussions and graphs regarding pressure variables and calculations for solids loading, poly-mer dosage, capture rate, and cake solids. Expected performance levels will be discussed as well as routine maintenance needed. The program will conclude with a questions and answers period.Email: [email protected]

31C Belt Filter Press: Maintenance, Operation and Process Part 2Paul Bland, Ashbrook Simon-Hartley

Discussion and presentation regarding Belt Filter Press and Gravity Thickener sludge conditioning, process variables, optimization, and troubleshooting. Additional topics include: Types of polymers, polymer systems, retention times, mixing energy, and different types of machines. The presentation also includes discussions and graphs regarding pressure variables and calculations for solids loading, poly-mer dosage, capture rate, and cake solids. Expected performance levels will be discussed as well as routine maintenance needed. The program will conclude with a questions and answers session. Email: [email protected]

31D Membrane Maintenance and RepairDan Dunsford and Josh Brown, HydroScience Operations, Inc.

This presentation through narrative and photos on a power-point presentation will show how to disassemble a membrane and make repairs to broken air headers and fibers, bubble test membrane modules for proper repair, and isolate unrepairable sections of the cassette. In ad-dition we will show how to identify membranes that are beginning to fail through various means. We will also present the various tools and methods needed to make the repairs and retest the membrane module for proper operation.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 32 – OPERATOR TRAINING – ENGINEERING & OPERATIONS FOR ENERGY OPTIMIZATION AND CONSERVATION

Session Chair and Moderator: Ed Mann, Novato Sanitary District

32A Using Renewable Energy in the California Wastewater IndustryRichard O’Connell and Bret Harper, Black & Veatch

Using renewable energy to satisfy local electrical loads at wastewater plants has a long history. Renewables are a good match for the wastewater industry because the industry is energy-intensive and is generally willing to accept longer paybacks than private industry. In addition, progressive energy policies make installing renewable energy a cost-effective option for many wastewater treatment plants in


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California. Much more than the traditional digester gas engines, this presentation will cover how the wastewater industry is now using in-line hydro, solar PV, and wind turbines to reduce electric bills and protect customers from volatile electric rates. This presentation will clarify the complex array of renewable energy policy with a specific focus on the California wastewater industry and will explain the capital and production incentives that are available. With the State’s aggressive plan to reduce greenhouse gases, many wastewater facilities are in a strong position to benefit from renewable energy today.Email: [email protected]

32B Measures and Means to Reducing Energy Cost in TreatmentNathan Judd, Eaton Corp.

According to a recent AWWA publication energy costs an average of 11% of the annual operation budget at water treatment plants. To reduce energy cost in treatment we need to reduce the amount of energy used, reduce the effected rate per KWH, or reduce the fees charged by the power company. This presentation will discuss the components making up an energy bill and how to identify the items on your power bill to find where savings are possible. After building an understanding on how power companies charge for power the presen-tation will discuss solutions to reduce each type of charge. Solutions will discuss improvements in electrical efficiency, reducing or remov-ing power factor penalties, and adjustments sequencing to use lower rate off-peak power.Finally the presentation will discuss quantitative ways to estimate cost savings from each solution to assist in writing budget proposals.Email: [email protected]

32C1 Creating Biodiesel Out of FOGOlof Hansen, U.S. EPA Region 9

Biodiesel is a prime example for recycling of non-hazardous organic residuals to a commercial product and recovering energy out of waste. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, made out of virgin soybean oil or from waste grease. This second feedstock of used fryer oil may come directly from restaurants in the US which produce over 3 billion gallons of waste cooking oil annually. However, most of the grease ends up in public sewers, causing environmental damage and costing municipalities millions of dollars for cleanup. Waste Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) block drains and pipes of all public sewer systems in the U.S. 80% of all sewer overflows in the U.S. are caused by FOG. If FOG becomes a commodity, it assumes market value and less gets dumped down the drain. Many POTWs are already exploring the feasibility to generate biodiesel on-site. Wastewater treatment plants are ideal sites for biodiesel generation because supply and demand for this alternative fuel are at the same location. The feedstock (FOG) accumulates right in their plant, and the fuel users are present such as the vehicle fleet or power back-up generators.Email: [email protected]

32C2 From Bacterial Genomes to Energy Conservation at Wastewater Treatment PlantsAmber M. Boone, Santa Margarita Water District, Dr. Betty Olson, University of California, Irvine and Wade Specht, Santa Margarita Water District

As energy costs continue to escalate, wastewater treatment plants are seeking innovative ways to conserve energy. This project sought to optimize activated sludge secondary treatment processes at two partial-nitrification wastewater treatment plants through the use of rapid detection molecular techniques targeting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). These treatment plants have NPDES mandated limits on the amount of nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen discharged into the environment. The AOB were chosen because these bacteria are the rate-limiting step in the nitrification reaction. Enumeration of the AOB was found to be directly correlated with dissolved oxygen concen-trations, which was then found to be directly correlated with kilowatts of electricity used. By controlling the numbers of these bacteria, treatment plant personnel were able to optimize correct dissolved oxygen requirements for the AOB, thereby reducing electricity costs by approximately $57,000 per year from pumps that supply dissolved oxygen to the aeration basin while still maintaining permit requirements.Email: [email protected]

32D – Maneuvering Through the Maze of Dry-Runs and Startups During Construction Joseph Augustine, East Bay Municipal Utility DistrictThe presentation will be from plants ops on what pitfalls to avoid during construction projects. It will cover defining roles, contractors, inspectors and engineers. Use forms such as System Outage Request, flowchart to determine which plant process that needs to be shutdown or bypassed. Importance’s of plant walk through of the outage before the actual shutdown to determine which groups will be af-fected, maintenance, laboratory, the plant process and road closures as well as what to pitfalls to avoid when starting the plant.Email: [email protected]


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SESSION 33 – ENGINEERING DESIGN – WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2Session Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Toby Weissert, Carollo Engineers


33B1 Gaining Secondary Clarifier Capacity Using State-of-the-Art ToolsRion Merlo, Brown and Caldwell

The capacity of an activated sludge process usually depends on the performance of the secondary clarifier during peak flow conditions. There are several approaches that can be taken to predict the process capacity of a secondary clarifier. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling represents the most advanced clarifier diagnostic tool currently available, and models have advanced to the point where they can accurately predict clarifier performance. CFD modeling can be applied to secondary clarifiers to evaluate potential design modifica-tions, eliminating the need for expensive pilot testing. Coupling the use of the CFD model with a designer’s experience on factors impacting clarifier performance allows large savings to be realized in accommodating peak flows. This presentation will detail several case studies showing the practicality of using a CFD model as a diagnostic, design and operations tool for secondary clarifiers.Email: [email protected]

33B2 Do We Just Keep on Building Bigger and Bigger Clarifiers?Coenraad Pretorius, Carollo Engineers

The designed size of an activated sludge clarifier is closely tied to the expected settling velocity of the mixed liquor. Allowance must be made for the poorest settling sludge reasonably expected at the facility, but clarifiers can obviously not be made so large as to handle an infinitely poor settleability. Operators should therefore be aware that their clarifiers incorporate a compromise between design sludge settleability and the clarifier size provided. If settling starts to deteriorate beyond the design condition, positive action must be taken to im-prove settleability, or the clarifiers will fail. For designers, the presentation addresses the question of selecting design settleability and, for operators, how to regularly monitor operating settleability to quantify deteriorating conditions.Email: [email protected]

33C1 Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District Water Reclamation Facility Phase II ExpansionSanjay Reddy, Black & Veatch

Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District (SRCSD) is seeking to increase capacity and reliability of its existing Water Reclama-tion Facility. In conjunction with Sacramento County Water Agency, SRCSD will provide a drought-proof, long-term sustainable source of non-potable water to the City of Elk Grove and Sacramento, particularly in the hot summer months. SRCSD pilot-tested four different membrane filtration processes between May and November of 2005, encompassing both pressurized and vacuum systems. The pilot testing demonstrated that membrane technology can be used cost-effectively to produce high-quality recycled water. Through additional operational, maintenance and economic analyses, it was found that the pressure systems satisfied all the requirements for future use in the upcoming Phase II expansion. The next phase of the project will include development of the membrane procurement documents, prepara-tion of contract drawings and specifications. This presentation would outline the process and the associated challenges.Email: [email protected]

33C2 Oxidation Ditch-Membrane Bio Reactor Combination Saves Time and Money for the City of ModestoMichael Britten, Doug Wing and Allan Briggs, Carollo Engineers, Jennifer Pratt, City of Modesto

The City of Modesto is implementing its Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Project to expand the City’s effluent disposal capacity. Tertiary treat-ment will be added to a portion of the flow to allow year-round discharges to the San Joaquin River. To accommodate growth, the project must be on-line by January 2009. Treatment requirements include nitrification, denitrification, no disinfection byproducts, and low metals concentrations. The treatment process will be the Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) process. The aeration basin will be an oxidation ditch, designed for nitrification and denitrification. The membrane system will consist of hollow fiber membranes housed in a separate membrane tank. The MBR system, including tanks, will be “skid-mounted” and pre-purchased to save construction time. Treated effluent will be disin-fected with in-vessel ultraviolet light radiation. This presentation will show the design parameters, estimated capital and operating costs, as well as results from a pilot study conducted during design.Email: [email protected]


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33D Membrane Bioreactor Treatment Plant Expansion: Increasing Capacity, Reliability, and Flexibility at a Very Constrained SiteBill Slenter, James Jetton and Byron Nishimura, HydroScience Engineers, Inc.

The Thunder Valley Casino owns and operates a 350,000 gpd membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment plant. To support a major expansion of the casino, HydroScience Engineers recently completed design of a plant expansion that will increase the peak flow capacity of this MBR to 875,000 gpd. Every existing unit process must be modified in order to achieve this new capacity, and all construction must occur on a very small site while the existing plant continues to operate. Additionally, both the engineers and operators wished to incorporate improvements and optimizations based on lessons learned from four years of operating this MBR and implementing other similar MBR projects. The challenge was to balance these desires with the various constraints, including cost, constructability, space, and sequencing limitations. This presentation will provide an overview of the key design issues encountered on this project and the solutions implemented.Email: [email protected]: Achieving Optimum Conditions of Secondary Effluent Filtration for Water Reuse

Onder Caliskaner, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

SESSION 34 – ENGINEERING DESIGN – STORMWATER, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT & REGULATIONS

Session Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Kevin Jim, Black & Veatch

34A None

34B1 The City of Santa Monica’s Westside Water Quality Treatment ProjectLawrence Magura and Andrew Stanton, Black & Veatch, Neal Shapiro, City of Santa Monica

This presentation will present details on the design, construction, and operation of the City of Santa Monica’s new Westside Water Quality Treatment project, which was just awarded the 2007 Outstanding Stormwater BMP Implementation Award (Treatment Control/Structural BMP Implementation Subcategory) by the California Stormwater Quality Association (CASQA). The Westside project is a large state-of-the-art BMP treatment system designed to treat urban dry weather and wet weather flows generated by the heavily-urbanized Sawtelle Basin in the eastern portion of Santa Monica and the western portion of the City of Los Angeles. It is the largest facility of its type ever constructed by the City. The facility was completed and placed into service in September 2006 and treats urban runoff utilizing a combina-tion of commercially-available off-the-shelf treatment systems that utilize screening, sedimentation, and direct filtration to remove floatable trash, oil and grease, suspended sediment, herbicides and pesticides. The presentation will also include results of ongoing water quality sampling that has been conducted since the facility was placed into service.Email: [email protected]

34B2 Stormwater Lift Stations: A Tale of Three CitiesDavid Ehert, Romtec Utilities

Increasingly stringent regulations have put the spotlight on effective ways to deal with stormwater. This presentation examines projects for three California organizations that have successfully implemented a stormwater strategy. All of the approaches are different, but all of them depend on the use of a pre-engineered lift station. Line M, Union City, Calif. When a new housing development strained the capacity of Union City’s storm drainage channel, the city decided to build a 20-million-gallon detention pond that works in conjunction with a pre-engineered, submersible lift station. IMTT An innovative remediation project at IMTT’s Richmond, Calif. tank terminal uses cutting-edge techniques to ensure that the site meets demanding state and federal environmental regulations.Rumsey Rancheria A new rural community is built on land that has a naturally high water table and is subject to periodic flooding during large storms. A bioswale was constructed to help drain the land.Email: [email protected]


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34C1 Retrofitting Urban Watersheds - Basin Planning for Stormwater ManagementRosey Jencks, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

In September 2007, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) hosted Watershed Planning Charrettes to identify basin scale opportunities to implement stormwater BMPs in San Francisco’s eastern drainages. The goal was to use BMPs to address drainage management goals such as flood reduction and combined sewer overflow goals. Other goals included identifying opportunities for collabo-ration with other agencies, neighborhood greening, and opportunities for stormwater harvesting and reuse. Each drainage area was given numeric management goals. Stakeholder participants placed BMPs such as cisterns, ecoroofs, bioretention, pervious paving, street trees, daylit streams and rain gardens in the landscape. Teams then calculated their impacts on peak flows, and volume reduction and compared them to the basin’s overall drainage management goals. The plans were then rendered, and their benefits were quantified to give the SF-PUC a list of possible capital projects and further study. This presentation will summarize the outcomes of the charrette.Email: [email protected]

34C2 Regulatory Compliance - The “Three-Pronged” ApproachKathryn Gies, West Yost Associates

In today’s age of water quality based NPDES permitting, compliance with new limitations requires a “three-pronged” approach: Treatment Improvements, Upstream Water Quality Controls (Pollution Prevention), and Receiving Water Impacts Assessments. This presentation will focus on two case studies where the three-pronged approach was applied. One discharger, the City of Lodi, is very close to the end of the compliance planning process and is poised to meet the water quality objectives in their new NPDES permit by the May 2010 SIP deadline. The second discharger, the City of Galt, is currently completing several studies needed to finalize their planning for achieving ultimate com-pliance. Details will be provided for both dischargers regarding the studies, regulatory negotiations, and treatment improvements that have been completed and how these efforts have led them down the path to compliance.Email: [email protected]

34D1 The Three Wetlands and Other BMPs Treating Stormwater at Chino Creek Wetlands and Educational ParkEliza Jane Whitman, Parsons Water & Infrastructure Inc.; Martha Davis and Wyatt Troxel, IEUA; Jacob Hester, Willdan

IEUA’s Chino Creek Park is one of a handful of truly multipurpose parks. In addition to flood control, it detains and treats urban runoff through a forebay and three different types of wetlands (sub-surface, open water, and riparian) before discharging into Chino Creek. Advisors from all over California and the Country participated in a charrette to develop the wetland types and layout. Chino Creek is an important tributary to the Prado wetlands and is located only a few miles away from this unique and special place. From Prado, the water flows into the Santa Ana River and is either used for drinking water or continues down to the Pacific Ocean. With a $1.2 M grant from the State Water Resources Control Board, this project illustrates how and why it is critical to encourage stormwater treatment BMPs further up in watersheds to protect drinking water as well as coastal resources.Email: [email protected]

34D2 How a LEED Platinum Building Is Cleaning Up Inland Empire Urban RunoffEliza Jane Whitman, Parsons Water & Infrastructure Inc., Allison Rodiek, Malcolm Pirnie; Neil Clifton, Jamal Zughbi and Martha Davis, IEUA

IEUA has implemented a BMP project that truly showcases the beauty of “going back to the basics” in their creative stormwater management program. By integrating site design, source control, and treatment BMPs into the headquarters facility, runoff reduction and pollutant removal have been achieved as follows: Bacteria Reduction – 85% – 99%; Runoff Reduction - 90%; TSS Reduction - 89%. The IEUA Headquarters effectively demonstrates the integration of stormwater site design, source control, and treatment control BMPs into new development projects. It provides a publicly accessible site to view stormwater BMPs effectively integrated into a project design. Also, it provides for continued opportunities to promote the success of integrated BMPs, from a pollutant removal standpoint, maintenance standpoint, and longevity standpoint. A review of how the BMPs are functioning after 4 years will be presented and discussed along with O&M experiences.Email: [email protected]


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SESSION 35 – ENGINEERING & RESEARCH – WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2Session Chair: Christina Hartinger, Black & Veatch

Moderator: Dave Bachtel, Lee and Ro


35B1 Is it PAO-GAO Competition or Metabolic Shift in EBPR System? Evidence from an Experimental StudyUfuk Erdal, CH2M HILL

The reduced EBPR performance in full and bench-scale EBPR studies was linked to the proliferation of GAOs, but often with a lack of evidence. No study has been performed to show whether the reduced EBPR performance was a result of a major metabolic shift or the competition between PAOs and GAOs. In this study, a detailed enzymatic study was coupled with batch tests, electron microscopy and full-scale results for a realistic explanation. Reduced performance of enhanced EBPR facilities operated at warm temperature may not be a result of GAO proliferation; instead it may be related the efficient use of the glycolytic pathway by PAOs which results in more glycogen storage and less P uptake, thereby reducing the phosphorus removal performance of the facility. The findings will offer a better understanding of EBPR mechanisms.Email: [email protected]

35B2 Is Your Effluent Toxicity Coming From Your Sampling System?Mitch Maidrand, Sacramento Regional WWTP and Cameron Irvine, CH2M HILL

The Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP) is a 181 MGD, high purity oxygen activated sludge secondary treatment plant located in Sacramento, CA. The plant has experienced chronic reproduction toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia from the effluent since April 2004. This toxicity triggered a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) which ruled out conventional toxicants through toxicity identifica-tion evaluations (TIEs), plant process evaluations, and statistical analyses. Novel TIE treatments such as sterilization (e.g., heating with autoclave or microwave, UV treatment, and chlorination/dechlorination) were developed and proved to be the most successful treatments, consistently removing toxicity. Results of the TRE provided a compelling weight-of-evidence that the C. dubia toxicity is of biological (bacterial) origin and is from the effluent sampling system. Nutrient-rich DFE in the sample lines and in the autosamplers facilitates rapid bacterial re-growth. Improvements to the DFE sampling system have reduced the toxicity.Email: [email protected]

35C WRF 02-002 - Innovative Reclaimed Water Treatment TechnologiesKaumudi Atapattu, Carollo Engineers and Karl Linden and Jeff Bandy, Duke University

Concerns that pathogens and endocrine disrupting and pharmaceutically active microcontaminants in non-potable reclaimed water may not be adequately treated by conventional wastewater processes led to the WateReuse Foundation/Southwest Florida Water Management District funded project “Study of Innovative Treatments for Reclaimed Water.” As part of this study, various advanced treatment processes have been studied, including various forms of filtration (media and membrane), O3, and O3/H2O2, UV/H2O2, peracetic acid (PAA) com-bined with UV, chlorination, and UV/TiO2. Each process was tested for pathogen and microconstituent destruction on filtered wastewater effluents. The analysis also included the impact of water quality on process performance. Results are compelling, showing that pathogen objectives (Title 22) and substantial trace pollutant destruction can be obtained cost-effectively with combinations of the tested technolo-gies.Email: [email protected]

35D Stepping Up to the Challenge of Secondary Effluent Limits During Wet WeatherJim Fitzpatrick, Black & Veatch

Many wastewater treatment professionals equate terms such as primary and secondary treatment with distinct, separate process units. This paradigm is inferred in wet weather treatment policies recently proposed by USEPA, NACWA and NRDC referring to “diversions around secondary treatment units”. USEPA’s Secondary Treatment Regulation (40 CFR 133) does not dictate particular treatment pro-cesses. Nor does it require that every drop of influent be treated biologically. Therefore, the terms primary treatment, secondary treatment, etc. might be better viewed as levels of treatment involving the entire treatment works. This holistic approach raises the possibility of using high rate clarification to complement biological treatment of wet weather excess flows. Full-scale performance data from two facilities will


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be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. One facility treats excess flows up to 40 mgd using the Actiflo ballasted flocculation process. The second treats excess flows up to 232 mgd using the DensaDeg process.Email: [email protected]: Save the Lake…Freeze the Ground…

Tim Taylor, Auerbach Engineering Corporation and Matt Homolka, Tahoe City Public Utility District


Session Chair – Norman Domingo, South Bayside System Authority

Session Moderator - Melody LaBella, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District


36B1 Success of Dental Amalgam Programs in the Bay AreaLewis Harrison, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

Is your agency looking for tools on how to reduce mercury? Several Bay Area Agencies are seeing a reduction in their mercury levels by working with dentists. Come hear about the lessons learned and success stories from agencies with established programs, specifically San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and City of Palo Alto. Results will be provided on mercury reductions observed in their influent, effluent and biosolids, as well as a summary of their inspection results.Attendees will receive a CD that contains a comprehensive literature review of dental programs locally and nationally. The “Creating a Dental Amalgam Program” CD contains the most complete reference material on local and national programs to date. The CD includes examples of outreach material, ordinance language, permits, and inspection information. Email: [email protected]

36B2 Environmental Impact of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEs): A Literature ReviewVan Bergen, East Bay Municipal Utility District and Katie Harrold, San Francisco Estuary Institute

The Emerging Contaminants Workgroup of the Santa Clara Basin Watershed Management Initiative (SCBWMI) is conducting a literature review regarding the environmental impact of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs). The group is evaluating APE sources and pathways to surface water, impacts to aquatic organisms, regulatory drivers, alternatives, and next steps. The expectation is to prepare a White Paper in 2008 that parallels the group’s previous environmental evaluation of triclosan. At the CWEA conference, the workgroup will present their results to date. The Workgroup was initiated by the SCBWMI in 2001 and is open to all interested parties. Participants include scientists, engineers, staff and managers from government and non-government organizations. The purpose of the group is to collect and review information based on the best available science on emerging contaminants of concern in and around San Francisco Bay. The Workgroup has previously developed white papers regarding pharmaceutical disposal and triclosan.Email: [email protected]

36C1 Benefits of Regional Approaches for Wastewater Pollution PreventionMelody LaBella, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

The Bay Area Pollution Prevention Group (BAPPG), representing 43 wastewater agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area, has a proven track record for conducting successful regional pollution prevention (P2) projects. In this presentation, I would describe the BAPPG and how it evolved, highlight the advantages and efficiencies of regional approaches for P2 efforts, explain the BAPPG’s annual pollutant prioritization process as a way to guide the development of regional P2 projects and conclude by presenting some of the many successful BAPPG regional projects including: the 2006 Safe Medicine Collection Event, the 2006 Dental Amalgam Workshop and the 2007 Mercury Thermometer Exchange Project.Email: [email protected]


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36C2 Engaging Industry for Pollution Prevention and SustainabilityPhilip Lo and Paul Martyn, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

“Green” business is good business. With the concerns about climate change and high energy prices, businesses and industries are warm-ing up to the idea of being “green” and sustainable. For more than 15 years, the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County have engaged industry in dialogue and communication. An industry advisory council was set up in the early 1990s to interact with industries on regulation and compliance. It has since evolved into a vehicle to guide industry towards pollution prevention, resources conservation, environmental management system and sustainability. A model from industry of Seven Fronts for Sustainability is used as a road map. The presenta-tion will describe the experience and mechanics of leading industries towards conservation and sustainability through an industry advisory council. It is hoped that agencies can step up to the challenge of leading their industries to be “green” and sustainable.Email: [email protected]

36D1 Operational Strategies and Treatment Methods for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pharmaceuti-cally Active CompoundsUfuk G. Erdal, CH2M HILL

The impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) on aquatic life has been documented in numerous studies such as OCSD Ocean Outfall, Potomac River and Thames River, UK. EDCs and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have become a hot topic in reuse projects where recycled water augments drinking water supplies or has indirect contact with groundwater and surface water sources. Despite the increased research and public attention, many EDCS have not been regulated by the federal and local agencies due to lack of comprehensive strategy and lack of approved monitoring and analysis methods. This paper discusses current analytical methods for identi-fication and quantification of EDCs and PhACs, operational strategies for reducing EDCs, treatment technologies that are suitable for EDC removal and cost comparisons of the technologies for the technology selection. The findings of this study will be very beneficial for POTWs, consultants, researchers and the public.Email: [email protected]

36D2 Pharmaceutical Collection Programs: From Local to Regional to Statewide?Jennifer Jackson, East Bay Municipal Utility District and Karin North, City of Palo Alto

During the last five years, pharmaceuticals have emerged as a potential environmental pollutant. USGS studies have indicated wastewater is the primary source of pharmaceuticals in waterways. While not regulated pollutants, many agencies around the country are concerned about pharmaceuticals’ potential water quality impacts and have begun to address this issue by spearheading unwanted/expired medicine collection events and programs. EBMUD, Palo Alto, and other agencies in the Bay Area have developed both agency-specific and coor-dinated projects to reduce the sewering of pharmaceuticals. Learn about these individual agencies’ efforts, regional projects underway, various models for collection programs, and opportunities that could provide a statewide model for pharmaceutical disposal in CA.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 37 – GOVERNMENT AFFAIRSSession Chair - Nichole Baker, RMC Water and Environment

Session Moderator - Chandra Johannesson, City of Riverside

37A A Proactive Approach to Collection System Asset Management Practices in Southern California (as re-lated to CMOM and SSMP Regulations)Luis León and Scott Montgomery, CDM, Inc.

While federal regulatory efforts related to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) are delayed, California’s State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) moved forward with a new regulation intended to control SSO problems. On May 2, 2006, the SWRCB adopted waste discharge requirements (WDRs) for all publicly owned sanitary sewer collection systems with more than 1 mile of sewer pipe. The WDRs require the development of a sewer system management plan (SSMP).In 2005, the City of Fontana, California, acknowledged that regulatory requirements for wastewater collection systems were becoming more stringent at the state and federal levels, with a trend toward a zero-tolerance policy for “avoidable” SSOs. In a proactive response to the upcoming legislation, Fontana undertook a number of initiatives to improve the integrity, operation, and overall performance of its wastewater collection system, and embarked in development of a CMOM Program which is now the basis for their SSMP.Email: [email protected]


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37B1 Orange County Sanitation District Real Life Work Experience in Using CIWQSDindo Carrillo and Rachel Van Excel, Orange County Sanitation District

The State Water Board implemented the California Integrated Water Quality System (CIWQS) almost a year ago and in response Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) has invested time and staff across multiple departments to integrate its current practices according to CIWQS. This presentation will go over the coding OCSD had done to integrate its LIMS into CIWQS, the OCSD reporting procedure for the eSMR and SSO Database modules, and then dive into the Public Reporting abilities of CIWQS.Presentation specifics include:1. Brief overview of CIWQS2. Overview of the eSMR module3. Overview of the SSO database module4. Public reports availability on CIWQSEmail: [email protected]

37B2 Stepping Up to a New Challenge in NPDES Permitting – Dioxin and Dioxin-like CompoundsThomas R. Grovhoug, Larry Walker Associates

Numeric effluent limits for dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are being adopted in many NPDES permits in California. These limits pose unique compliance problems to publicly owned treatment plants due to the extremely low concentrations (parts per quintillion) that are being required. This presentation will describe the current permitting approach being used by different Regional Water Quality Control Boards, the resulting compliance problems, source control challenges, scientific issues with the use of dioxins and dioxin “toxicity equiva-lents” in NPDES permitting, and resulting legal challenges that have arisen in response to these permitting actions. The presentation will also describe efforts by the Central Valley Clean Water Association to work with the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board to meet this challenge and to develop a defensible permitting approach that is based on best professional judgment and reasonable protec-tion of beneficial uses. Email: [email protected]

37C1 Antidegradation Analysis and Plant ExpansionsMichael Bryan and Andrew Sayers-Fay, Robertson-Bryan, Inc.

Antidegradation analysis is both a State and Federal requirement that regulates water quality impacts to receiving water bodies (e.g. point source discharge to a river) for the purpose of maintaining water quality. If the water quality is better than standards, then that high qual-ity effectively becomes the rebuttable standard. The role of an antidegradation analysis is to quantify and weigh water quality impacts, and the costs to mitigate those impacts, against important socioeconomic development. Ultimately a determination is made to “maximize the benefit” to the people of California while protecting beneficial uses. The antidegradation policies have long existed (since 1968 and 1975), however, they have become more rigorously enforced in recent years. The requirements and implications of antidegradation will be discussed. This includes: best practicable treatment and control (BPTC), consideration of project alternatives to minimize water quality impacts, and evolving future obligations, especially for new or expanded discharges.Email: [email protected]

37C2 A National Overview of Regulatory and Legislative IssuesBob Matthews, CDM, Inc., WEF GAC

In this session, Robert Matthews will discuss new actions that must be taken to preserve and extend the purpose of the Clean Water Act for the next thirty five years. Past accomplishments have taken the United States only part of the way to achieving national clean water goals, and there are new challenges to overcome. These challenges include: pollution from nonpoint sources, mining and forestry operations, industrial sites, suburban yards, and highways, as well as atmospheric deposition of acidic agents, heavy metals and other toxins. Other challenges are represented by CSOs, SSOs, contaminated sediments, wetlands and other habitat loss, and the degradation of estuaries. Matthews will discuss potential solutions and actions needed to continue improving the condition of the nation’s waters in today’s political and economic climate. Email: [email protected]


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37D Update on California’s Water, Air and Land Regulatory Issues from TriTACArleen Navarret, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and Stephanie Cheng, CH2M Hill

An update of current water, air and land regulatory issues that agencies within California are facing from the current TriTAC chairs. Includ-ing the following:• AB 1207• SB 55• AB 32• Biosolids Management Options & Capacities• Permit Template• SWRCB Enforcement Policy• CA Ocean Plan Amendment• Methyl MercuryEmail: [email protected]

SESSION 38 – SUPERGROUPSession Chair – Jim Heitzman, Marina Coast Water District

Session Moderator - Paula Riso, Marina Coast Water District


38B1 How to Apply or Avoid Progressive DisciplineJim Heitzman, Marina Coast Water District

This presentation will discuss some of the aspects of progressive discipline. The attendees will learn how it can be applied and how to avoid it. It will include verbals, writtens, evaluations and terminations. Examples of types of documentation will be presented. It will include a little of the history of Skelly, some of the terms used, what you might encounter and some methods for proceeding. It will also talk about responsibilities involving this process. Included will be how to recognize that you’re in a progressive discipline cycle and how to get out of it.Email: [email protected]

38B2 Safety PaysMaria Sandoval, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

The greatest incentive to a safety program is ensuring that employees are working in a safe environment and going home safe every day. As safety improves, insurance premiums will also be reduced significantly. But how do we reach that goal? Safety Pays will offer tools on how to achieve this goal. First of all, it will identify the behavioral effects on employees involving changes to the safety program. Adding programs such as Job Safety Analysis, buddy systems, safety suggestions, celebrating milestone, and recognizing efforts made by employ-ees based on their recommendations to improve safety through safety suggestions are some of the tools that will improve safety, minimize injuries, and thereby lower insurance worker’s compensation costs. In essence, being proactive in safety will lead to a safe work environ-ment, minimize injuries and save money in the long run.Email: [email protected]

38C1 Crisis ManagementJim Heitzman, Marina Coast Water District

MRWPCA has developed a formal crisis management plan that is practical and user friendly. This plan states who the players are: who has what responsibility and what processes are to be followed. The recent Salinas Valley E. coli issue triggered the use of the Crisis Man-agement Plan and demonstrated the value of the Plan. This paper will reflect on the who, when, where, why and how to effectively develop and use a Crisis Management Plan.Email: [email protected]


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38C2 Rapid Response: Remediation and Clearance Testing after Wastewater Intrusion Into Indoor Environ-mentsJennifer Block, Block Environmental Services

When a wastewater facility is liable for damage to a private residence or business due to a ruptured pipe or sewer backflow, the conse-quences can be costly unless the cleanup is handled in a practical and efficient manner. A practical remediation plan will ascertain the source and the extent of the contamination to determine whether the affected materials must be discarded, as with damage incurred from blackwater, or dried and cleaned. Following appropriate remediation, post-abatement testing is necessary to ensure that all affected materials have been successfully remediated. This testing should include surface sampling, at a minimum, and possibly air sampling for bacteria if the affected individuals appear to be sensitive or litigious. This presentation will discuss general remediation strategies, as well as a detailed discussion of sampling techniques, data analysis and interpretation, and clearance strategies, in an effort to help wastewater facilities protect their liability and human health.Email: [email protected]

38D1 Mitigation Benefit-Based Project Alternative Development - Defining Viable Wastewater SystemsLorien Fono, Carollo Engineers

The development of community options for a wastewater system in Los Osos, CA is intended to identify viable projects (collection, treat-ment and reuse/disposal) based on water resource benefits. In Los Osos, water resource issues are critical as a result of seawater intrusion that is contaminating the groundwater basin. The latest estimates indicate that 460 acre-feet (149 million gallons) of salt water mi-grates into the fresh groundwater basin each year. The wastewater project can be an important first step to addressing this water resource problem.To identify viable project alternatives, seawater intrusion mitigation benefits were identified for wastewater reuse/disposal options. The reuse/disposal options were then combined into projects representing several levels of seawater intrusion mitigation. The project approach provides a basis to distinguish alternatives based on mitigation benefits and implementation costs rather than the conventional approach of ranking options based on subjective criteria and ratings.Email: [email protected]

38D2 Innovative Ways to Promote Reuse While Battling Financial InfeasibilityTracy Clinton and Kaumudi Atapattu, Carollo Engineers

In an effort to promote sustainability in their city, the City of Pismo Beach encumbered Carollo Engineers to evaluate the use of recycled water for irrigation purposes. With help from City staff, Carollo identified reuse markets, quantified reuse potential, developed conceptual alternatives for recycled water use, and developed planning-level costs for distribution and treatment as well as for operation and mainte-nance. These estimates revealed use of recycled water for irrigation to be 5 to 14 times higher than current water costs. Yet, because of public interest and Council support, the City continues to investigate alternate ways to encourage recycled water use. Pursued alternatives range from smaller scale projects, groundwater augmentation and ordinance modification to public outreach. This paper discusses the de-velopment of conceptual alternatives, the cost-benefit analysis, and the innovative methods the City is pursuing to facilitate use of recycled water.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 39 – BIOSOLIDSSession Chair and Session Moderator - Jonathan Hay, Black & Veatch

39A1 Current Approaches for Drying of Municipal Sludge in a Fluidized BedJon N. Orr, Schwing Bioset Inc.

Fluidized beds have been used for thermal treatment and processing of a variety of solids since the 1940s. The use of fluidized beds has been extended and successfully applied to drying of municipal biosolids to produce a Class A material. Interest from owner/operators in the use of fluid beds is growing due to the inherent safety, reliability, and energy efficiency advantages, which can be achieved with proper design and implementation. This presentation will describe current approaches in the use of fluid bed systems for drying municipal sludge.Email: [email protected]


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39A2 Business Case Evaluation for Sacramento’s Biosolids Handling ProgramSteven H. Ramberg, Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District

A 40-year business case evaluation conducted at the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP) shows that the cur-rent solids handling program is providing satisfactory results for the near term but that additional solids handling capacity will be needed in the future. The most cost-effective option for increasing the solids handling capacity will include the lining of two additional dedicated land disposal (DLD) areas to supplement the existing three DLDs and provide for more onsite biosolids disposal. Based on current operational performance and on future growth projections for Sacramento County, a fourth lined DLD should be needed in approximately 15 years and a fifth DLD should be needed in 25 to 30 years. Email: [email protected]

39B EWA Implements Innovative Management Plan for Biosolids Pellets from Its New Heat Drying FacilityMichael Hogan, Encina Wastewater Authority and Jonathan Hay and James Clark, Black & Veatch

When its heat drying facility starts operation in late 2008, Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA) will become the third agency in California to employ the triple pass, rotary drum, thermal drying process to produce Class A biosolids. The facility will manufacture about 7,000 tons per year of high quality pelletized biosolids (granulate) that are pathogen-free and suitable for unrestricted sale and distribution as fertilizer or biofuel. For the past year, EWA has been engaged in a comprehensive effort preparing a biosolids management plan to assess the feasi-bility of distributing and marketing the pellet product to a wide variety of agricultural, horticultural, and bioenergy outlets throughout South-ern California, including local users in San Diego County. This presentation will discuss the key elements of the plan including the product definition, selection, and evaluation of disposal and reuse options, staff consensus-building, business plan, implementation strategies and schedule, marketing approach, and private and public outreach.Email: [email protected]

39C Economics of Fluidized Bed Incineration of Sludges Ky Dangtran and James Coskey, Infilco-Degremont Technologies

In recent years, both the US EPA and the Water Environment Foundation have validated thermal oxidation as a viable and important option for wastewater solids treatment. An efficient and sustainable fluidized bed thermal oxidizer design typically consists of the fluid bed reactor, air pollution control system, and energy recovery subsystems. This paper will focus on recent advances with the design and operation of high temperature fluidized bed oxidizers, including operational strategies to optimize stack emissions, implementation of energy recov-ery initiatives and development of a novel automated controls strategy. Degremont Technologies – Infilco, the world’s leading supplier of Biosolids Thermal Oxidation via HTFB (High Temperature Fluid Bed) oxidation technology, examines the costs associated with installing and operating a thermal oxidation operation vs. composting and drying technologies. Emphasis shall be on ultimate disposal of biosolids with regard to overall plant operation, energy consumption, traffic/freight issues, final disposal, and short and long term liabilities related to health and environmental concerns.Email: [email protected]

39D1 Evaluation of Full-Scale Performance at North America’s Largest Municipal Wastewater Screw Press Facility Kevin Kennedy, HDR Engineering, Inc. and Ed Oyama, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

MRWPCA recently installed a 20-dry ton-per-day rotary screen thickener and screw press dewatering system. Selection of this innovative technology allows MRWPCA to meet current biosolids needs and disposal requirements, reduce power consumption, and adjust to future requirements such as higher cake solids, Class A biosolids, and lower greenhouse emissions. Completion is anticipated by November 2007 and the project will have been in full operation for nearly six months at the time of this presentation. The facility will represent the largest North American screw press installation for wastewater dewatering.This presentation will discuss startup, full-scale operating data, and lessons learned during design and construction. Comparison of numeri-cal performance (specification) requirements and operating data (e.g., polymer usage and cake concentrations) will be presented along with cost ramifications.Email: [email protected]


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39D2 Is Two-Phase Digestion Right for You? Becky J. Daugherty and Anne Conklin, Carollo Engineers

Several treatment plants across the United States have recently converted their conventional digestion facilities to two-phase digestion in the hopes of achieving a variety of operational benefits, including increased gas production, increased volatile solids reduction, elimination of digester foaming episodes, and increased sludge dewaterability. While these benefits have been achieved in most cases, is two-phase digestion right for everyone? This paper discusses a cost-benefit analysis that has been applied at four wastewater treatment plants in Cali-fornia and Nevada. The benefits of two-phase digestion varied and depended on solids processing costs, digester gas payback and waste activated sludge to primary sludge ratios. Startup and operating data from the two-phase digestion facilities at the City of Turlock and the Truckee Meadows facilities will be presented. At these plants, conversion to two-phase digestion offered a cost effective solids treatment capacity increase, and resulted in reduced solids production and more stable digester operation.Email: [email protected]


Session Moderator - Eric Sundale, Truckee Sanitary District

40A Elimination of Sewer Overflows Using a Continuous Real-Time Monitoring SystemRick Carver, City of Hawthorne and Greg Quist and David Drake, Hadronex

The recent implementation of the CA General WDRs has created intense interest in sewer monitoring with the goal of elimination of sani-tary sewer overflows (SSOs). The City of Hawthorne has virtually eliminated sewer spills in its collection system as a result of the installa-tion and operation of a low-cost, reliable, continuous real-time sewer monitoring system. Consisting of ruggedized, easy-to-install hardware and sensor package, wireless telemetry, cell phone real-time alarms, and web-based data acquisition, the SmartCover® sewer monitoring system has been deployed at 40 sites throughout the Hawthorne collection system and prevented five spills in its first year of operation. This paper will discuss the benefits of deploying such a system, specific examples of how the system has prevented spills, and how a real-time, remote continuous monitoring system can also be used – if widely deployed – for preventive maintenance of the collection system, further enhancing the value of continuous monitoring.Email: [email protected]

40B Pipe Bursting/Reaming Asbestos Cement PipelinesKent Von Aspern and Thomas S. Kalkman, Carollo Engineers

In California, thousands of miles of asbestos cement (AC) pipe are approaching the end of their useful lives. The US EPA, Region 9, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, and the Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District have all promulgated statements indicating that AC pipelines cannot normally be replaced by pipebursting. This paper presents information evaluating whether this limitation should be of concern to wastewater system managers, O&M crews, and engineers. The paper provides an historical look at the history of AC pipe, data concerning the prevalence of AC pipe, a summary of regulatory requirements, details of the pipebursting and pipe reaming methods of trenchless pipeline construction, and predictions for the future of AC pipe replacement.Email: [email protected]

40C FOG: 8 Years LaterRalph Palomares, El Toro Water District

This presentation will address the startup of a FOG program in 2002 and what it took to get were we are in 2008. It will be a brief introduc-tion to the FOG Ordinance and the inspection process and what it means to be in violation of this ordinance. It will also go over different types of devices for FOG removal, what the district allows as part of its rules and regulations, and having to work with five different cities and the County. It will show what to look for when inspecting Food Service Establishments (FSEs).Email: [email protected]


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40D1 A Different View of FOGJeff Carson, Oro Loma Sanitary District

The Oro Loma Sanitary District initiated a FOG pilot study to analytically evaluate the sources (loadings) of FOG in the District’s collec-tion system. The pilot study included single-family residences, multi-family units, and food service establishments (FSEs). The study also evaluated grease discharge from a large FSE chain with various pre-treatment equipment using sampling pumps, CCTV, and photos. An efficient inter-department networking system was developed between Source Control, Field Maintenance, and Engineering to correct po-tential SSO locations. In 2006 the SWRCB issued WDR Order No. 2006-003 requiring all collections systems to comply with a SSMP FOG Control Program Plan. The Oro Loma Sanitary District initiated a FOG pilot study to analytically evaluate sources in terms of “loadings” of FOG in the District’s collection system. The pilot study findings revealed that FSEs are minor grease dischargers and single family residences are major grease dischargers. The study also evaluated grease discharge from a FSE chain with various pre-treatment equipment and multiple FSE dis-charge. The grease discharge from the various FSE pre-treatment devices was evaluated analytically and with CCTV and photos. The most valuable tool utilized to evaluate grease and the effects on our sewer mains is CCTV. By evaluating grease in the collections system, identifying high frequency cleaning areas caused by excessive grease discharge, developing a network between source control and field maintenance, enforcing grease troubled areas caused by pretreatment violations, and having a proactive field maintenance crew, the Dis-trict has been able to maintain a very small number of Sanitary Sewer Overflows per year. Email: [email protected]

40D2 The Epoxy at the End of the TunnelRaffi J. Moughamian, and Michael J Penny, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

Additional/contributing authors are: Ba T. Than from Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, Mike Oriol and Manuel Najar from V&A Consulting Engineers

In 1997 two cast-in-place concrete box culverts (6’x7.5’ and 8.5’x4.5’) were installed under Grayson Creek with PVC liner. The PVC liner glued to the bottom of each culvert has completely failed. These culverts flow directly into the treatment plant’s headworks and are critical to the Central Contra Costa Sanitary Districts infrastructure as they convey a large portion of the flows to the plant. The treatment plant also utilizes the culverts and upstream sewers for peak flow shaving. Rehabilitation of these culverts involved cleaning 100 cubic yards of sediment from each, removing the existing failed liner, bypassing 10 MGD of wastewater utilizing slide gates and flow-through plugs, surface preparation, and application of a 100 percent solids spray-applied epoxy liner. Dams were installed at the downstream end of each pipe to prevent headworks water from backing up into the work area.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 41 – MAINTENANCE TRAINING – MAINTENANCE OF COLLECTIONS SYSTEMS AND APPROACHES

Session Chair and Moderator: Roy Reynolds, Orange County Sanitary District

41A Force Main Condition Assessment by Physical EvaluationGlenn H. Willson and Bryan H. Hughes, V&A Consulting Engineers

This presentation discusses the requirements and techniques used to evaluate the condition of force mains. Asset management and condi-tion assessment of existing force mains is becoming a critical issue for wastewater agencies. External and internal evaluations are required to provide an accurate assessment of a force main condition to determine the remaining useful life. External evaluations involve identify-ing locations of corrosive soils, known leaks, pipe settlement and recent construction in the area of the force main. Excavation and in-situ testing of the force main allows direct measurement and documentation of the exterior condition. Reliable information on the condition of the force main interior requires confined space entry into the pipe. The parameters that can be measured and their relative importance in evaluating the condition of the force main are discussed. Safety issues associated with confined space entry over 1,000 feet into a force main are also addressed.Email: [email protected]

41B1 Integrating Pipeline Corrosion Data with Web Based GISBill Clement and Carl Von Stetten, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

CCCSD has successfully built a web-based GIS (on-line digital map). The presentation shows how CCCSD accomplished the integration of


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a District-wide Corrosion assessment and maintenance database with the GIS. The GIS allows employees to access maintenance, permit-ting, engineering design, emergency response, etc. information and display them on an interactive map of the District. On-screen reports from the most useful datasets will be shown, with discussion of how they are used for asset management. The corrosion survey is a typical example of how an existing tabular maintenance database is enhanced with coordinates and then integrated with the GIS. Planning for the project allowed for seamless integration of the data. All CCCSD assets having potential for significant corrosion were surveyed. Coordinate locations of the pipes were collected using a Global Positioning System (GPS). The GIS report format anticipated the data and pictures that maintenance and engineering personnel would need to access.Email: [email protected]

41B2 Wastewater Collection System Risk: How Are You Managing It?S. Colin Chung and Mathew Oakey, GHD Inc.; Doug Kanis, Orange County Sanitation District, and Aaron Witt, Johnson County Wastewater

An aging wastewater collection system, increasing sewer flow, and limited budget all collaborate to challenge the asset manager’s deci-sion-making process. Which sewer segments require condition assessment? How should I prioritize my resources? Which assets represent the greatest risk? How do I tell the story to the decision-makers? What are my future budgetary needs? An efficient way to help organize data and provide answers to the above questions is by evaluating the Business Risk Exposure (BRE) of the collection system. BRE is a measure used to estimate the relative risks that individual assets present. BRE is derived by analyzing probability of failure and conse-quence of failure. Understanding the BRE of your system allows for the optimal allocation of asset management strategies to the collection system. This paper presents the BRE methodology and demonstrates the benefits of implementation through two case study examples from Orange County Sanitary District and Johnson County Wastewater.Email: [email protected]

41C Polyethylene Delivers: Margin of Safety, Longevity and Peace of Mind for Hazardous and Corrosive Chemical StorageMarshall Lampson, Poly Processing Company

Water treatment plant owners, operators and consulting engineers are faced with increasing pressures to provide solutions for storing hazardous and corrosive chemicals in the most cost-effective and safety-oriented environment while helping the client increase productiv-ity through increased plant operating efficiencies. The participant will gain an understanding of the most common materials of construc-tion use in storing hazardous and corrosive chemicals: FRP, Steel and Polyethylene. We will discuss the typical methods of construction for a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, gain an appreciation of polyethylene by discussing the differences between thermosets and thermoplastics, and discuss alternative designs that deliver a margin of safety and cost-effective storage solutions. We will discuss the NSF/ANSI 61 Standards, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDA), and the importance of utilizing flexible connections along with proper venting for longer storage tank life.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 42 – ENGINEERING DESIGN – ASSET MANAGEMENT & REHABILITATION


Moderator: Hany Gerges, HDR Inc.

42A New Asset Management Methods for Evaluating Electrical Equipment for Pump StationsKeene Matsuda, Black & Veatch

New methods were employed in a condition assessment of the electrical system for a major pump station. Electrical system reliability is vital to essential process systems, and upgrading electrical equipment is a prudent safeguard against failure at the worst possible time. This presentation describes the methods used in evaluating the condition of switchgear, AFDs, motors, MCCs, etc. The first-order criteria was conformance to the NEC, followed by conformance to stringent and definitive engineering standards developed by the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD), with emphasis on power supply redundancy and personnel safety. OCSD’s record of O&M activities enabled an analysis of “corrective” maintenance, as opposed to planned maintenance, revealing patterns in problematic equipment. An operational test of all five 2625 hp motors was conducted from 30 to 100% speed under high and low tide conditions. The SCADA system provided electrical, vibration, and RTD data for comprehensive analysis. The asset management analysis concludes with alternatives, associated costs, and recommendations. Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

42B1 Rehabilitation of a Large Semi-Elliptical SewerDonna Won, Los Angeles County Sanitation DistrictsThe Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Districts) operate a wastewater collection system that includes approximately 15,000 feet of 114-in. and 126-in. semi-elliptical sewer. The semi-elliptical sewers, which were constructed in the late 1920s, were deteriorated due to hydrogen sulfide corrosion. The objectives of the sewer rehabilitation were to restore the structural integrity of the existing sewers and to provide a protective barrier to prevent future corrosion. The Districts installed two different protective lining systems to prevent future corrosion, one utilizing sheets of flexible PVC liner and one utilizing a spiral-wound semi-rigid PVC liner. Both liners include locking extensions that are embedded in a high-strength grout, which was injected into the annular space between the liner and the existing sewer. The high-strength grout provides the primary structural enhancement to the existing sewer. The project was the first in the United States to use these rehabilitation methods on a full-scale project.Email: [email protected]

42B2 Assessing Your Infrastructure InheritanceReena Thomas, James Brezack, Jonathon Marshall and Eric Tyan, RBF Consulting

Castroville Water District took over ownership and operations responsibility of the wastewater and storm water facilities for the Castroville community in Monterey County in early 2006. At the same time, new statewide requirements for the elimination of Sanitary Sewer Over-flows were being initiated by the State Water Resources Control Board. In addition, the Monterey County Housing and Redevelopment Office was preparing the Castroville Community Plan that identified significant new development potential and infrastructure requirements within the community. Castroville Water District needed a complete assessment of the wastewater and storm water infrastructure to prepare for new developments and new regulatory conditions. This session will review the process that Castroville Water District took on to provide new services to their community. The session will review the financial, regulatory, and operations and maintenance impacts to the District.Email: [email protected]

42C1 Unconventional Air Plenum Repair Pilot StudiesJames Kong, Nathaniel M. Morales, Nathan W. Hodges, and Ba T. Than, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

CCCSD uses concrete air plenums with porous stone diffusers to deliver air to aeration tanks. Cracks in the floor of the air plenums have formed and are allowing air to leak from the pressurized plenums into the aggregate base below thus pressurizing the ground under the foundation and causing the escaped air to permeate up through surrounding soil and pavement. In 2005, repair attempts using epoxy sealant failed because air coming from under the foundation caused bubbles to form in the uncured sealant. In 2007, two unconventional repair methods were proposed to repair the cracks: 1. Drill through the concrete slab and inject grout. 2. Seal all the diffuser openings and pressurize the plenum to stop air from flowing through the cracks, then apply epoxy to the floor of the

plenums.These methods are being pilot tested. Preliminary results for method 1 are promising. Tests were completed in September 2007.Email: [email protected]

42C2 Cured-in-Place Pipe’s Impact on Treatment WorksAlan Weer, Nate Morales, and Tom Godsey, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) is a trenchless sewer renovation that eliminates virtually all excavation during sewer renovation, thus minimiz-ing impacts on the public. The process uses thermosetting resins impregnated in a felt tube to repair failing sewers. CIPP impacts were thought to be limited to: Sewer bypassing, pre-cleaning, 24-hour noise and substantial potable water usage. In 2005, an additional impact was discovered: infrequent but significant turbidity events were observed and connected to CIPP installations. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) that disinfect using ultra-violet radiation require low turbidity water, thus complete disinfection was not easily achieved dur-ing high turbidity events. On a 20,000 ft medium diameter CIPP job in 2006, project engineers worked closely with treatment plant works and Source Control staff to successfully develop a pretreatment and monitoring process for CIPP installations in order to eliminate the high turbidity events.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 43 – ENGINEERING DESIGN – PROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION


Moderator: Michael Penny, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District

43A1 Control System Integration: Avoiding the PitfallsDave Roberts, Black & Veatch

This presentation will discuss several approaches used for the software programming and integration of SCADA and control system projects. These include software integration services provided under a traditional design-bid-build approach; design-build; and qualifications-based procurement of integration services. The contractual relationships for the various approaches are described as well as the pros and cons of each approach. The common pitfalls encountered by both utility owners and system integrators during implementation will be highlighted, including mitigation techniques for ensuring that expectations are met for all parties involved. Attendees will benefit from this presentation by gaining a better understanding of the various integration approaches used and how different approaches may be more suitable for their organization and project. They will also gain a better understanding of tactics and strategies for improving project success.Email: [email protected]

43A2 Ethernet for Process ControlDave Kubel, Black & Veatch

Plant Control Systems are commonly designed today utilizing Ethernet for their data networks. Ethernet is well-suited for many of these applications; however, several issues somewhat unique to real-time systems need to be considered to provide reliable Control System Networks. This presentation will discuss the use of Ethernet in the Process Control environment and how to address the associated issues. A discussion of telemetry communications will also be included. Topics will include: Network and protocol basics, the OSI 7 layer model, protocol selection and how it impacts control system performance, SCADA network design considerations, deterministic network design, redundancy and reliability, convergence with general purpose IT networks, and network security.Email: [email protected]

43B1 Implementing A New Control System for a Wastewater Treatment PlantBa Than, Central Contra Costa Sanitary District and Jim Montgomery, Transdyn, Inc.Central Contra Costa Sanitary District used an innovative process to obtain a state-of-the-art replacement for its historic computerized treatment plant control system. The District treatment plant was put into operation in 1976 and was one of the first computer-controlled treatment plants. Its original central computer system provided all automatic control algorithms for the plant. For 30 years, plant staff up-graded and maintained the system. In 2002, due to the age of the system and limited availability of spare parts, staff recommended it be replaced. The replacement process was complex, involving questionnaires, site visits, and thorough hardware and software evaluations. Steps included:• Identification of the required functional criteria, modifications and enhancements.• Selection of a firm to provide configuration, installation and start-up services via customized software applications.• Purchase of hardware and equipment to meet technical requirements of the customized software. Integration of the new plant control

system.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

43B2 Aeration System Optimization for Energy Savings and Process ControlAdam Ross, Brown and Caldwell and Tim Grillo, Union Sanitary District

This presentation describes the conclusions of an aeration system study and subsequent design of improvements at Union Sanitary District’s (District) WWTP. The need for an upgraded, energy efficient aeration system arose from District observations of process inefficiencies and plantwide automation goals. The existing aeration piping grouped low-demand compartments with high-demand ones, multiple centrifugal blowers were often throttled to significant turndown, and system controls did not integrate air supply and demand. The study identified improvements that optimize the existing aeration basins and decrease energy consumption. Improvements include reconfigured aeration piping for a more efficient process, most-open-valve control strategy linking blowers to air demand, diffuser density adjustments, and blower system improvements. The upgrades will reduce annual energy usage by 23% and save the District more than $1 million over 20 years. The study is complete; design and construction was completed at the end of 2007 to meet energy-saving rebate program requirements.Email: [email protected]

43C Implementing a Power Monitoring and Control SystemAziz Karim and David Kubel, Black & Veatch; Jim Mullins, Orange County Sanitation District; and Mike Dorman, CDM

Power management systems are implemented for several reasons: monitoring, control, improvements in energy efficiency, safety, reliability and diagnostics. Power management systems can provide users with a safe, quick and reliable means for power measurement, analysis and response to disturbances. This presentation will focus on a case study and experience of the Orange County Sanitation District’s Power Monitoring and Control Project. Topics to be covered will include: the approach to planning the implementation of a Power Monitor-ing System, selection of power monitors, and design of the control system network to support the power monitoring system, and peak shav-ing and load shaving strategies. Other public utility agencies will benefit from the experiences of Orange County Sanitation District in the planning process of implementing a power monitoring system and the benefits expected to be realized from such a system.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 44 – ENGINEERING & RESEARCH – ENERGY & ASSET MANAGEMENT


Moderator: Meei-Lih Ahmad, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

44A Making Energy Savings Pay MoreAlan Zelenka and Mike Joyce, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

From tax credits to loans to carbon markets, there are more financial reasons than ever before to save energy in wastewater plants. Incentive programs will be described in the context of wastewater treatment plant opportunities. Case studies will describe how engineering improvements in wastewater plants saved money by saving energy AND also attracted nontraditional funding sources to help the projects go forward. The inclusion of coarse monomedia filtration in South Bayside System Authority’s (SBSA’s) Dual Media Filters reduced energy use to the point that a utility grant was offered to cover $0.10 per kWh in annual energy savings. For the San Elijo JPA Water Reclamation Facility, a project combined improved performance with 900,000 kWh of annual energy savings in the secondary process, thus qualifying for a low interest loan from the CEC for two-thirds of the total project cost. In these and other examples, energy-saving engineering improvements reap more benefits than just calculated kilowatt-hours.Email: [email protected]

44B Successful Implementation of Sewer System Master Plans Utilizing Innovative GIS SolutionsYazdan Emrani, AIM

One of the key elements of the new WDRs is implementing an effective SSMP. This presentation will show how the City of Maywood devel-oped an effective strategy for complying with the new WDRs. The City wanted to implement a comprehensive SSMP. At the same time they wanted to embark on implementing a GIS program. The solution was to combine the two objectives and utilize the power and versatility of GIS as the core technology for performing the SSMP. In this paper we will show how the City accomplished its primary objectives which included:• Modernizing its sewer system mapping by scanning and creating digital copies of its existing sewer maps• Developing a GIS based sewer map• Performing a GIS based hydraulic modeling


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

• Performing needed field inspections such as CCTV • Identifying areas of current system capacity deficiencies• Developing a 10 Year CIP for areas that needed upgrades or replacement based upon future growth and development as anticipated by

the General Plan.• Developing a comprehensive Operation & Maintenance program that Identified a timeframe, based on priority, and the cost of

maintaining, repairing, replacing, upgrading, and installing of new sewer system improvementsEmail: [email protected]

44C Power Solutions for Ultra-Violet Purification SystemsDavid Shipp, Eaton Corp.

Ultraviolet technology is the latest state-of-the-art water purification technology just making its entrance into industry today. While UV pro-vides significant improvements to water purification, cost reduction and security, it does have some unique electrical power requirements. This paper will define the unique electrical power requirements for UV systems and the practical methods for dealing with this new and growing purification system technology. Techniques, design, lab test verification, and application to real water purification systems on the east coast will be presented that cost-effectively meet all the requirements. Redundancy, voltage sag concerns, power system grounding, and electrical component specifications will all be addressed.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 45 – ENGINEERING & RESEARCH SPECIAL SESSION – THE FUTURE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Session Chair and Session Moderator: Zeynep Erdal, CH2M Hill

45A What is the Perspective of the State of California, the Role it is playing in the Climate Change Issues and the Programs that are being Implemented?

45B What Role Can Large and Small Public Agencies Play to Make A Difference?

45C What is the Current Status and Future Outlook of the Regulatory Environment on Green House Gases?

SESSION 46 – SUPERGROUPSession Chair – Jim Heitzman, Marina Coast Water District

Session Moderator - Paula Riso, Marina Coast Water District

46A1 Master Planning for BeginnersPatricia (Tish) Berge and Michael Thornton, San Elijo Joint Powers Authority

The San Elijo Joint Powers Authority (SEJPA) manages a 5.25 million gallon per day (mgd) wastewater treatment plant with wastewater treatment and disposal, biosolids management and recycled water production. The plant was originally constructed in 1966 with upgrades in 1981 and 1992. Although we underwent a master plan for the recycled water system in 2005, we had not prepared a master plan for the wastewater treatment plant. Due to the age of the facility, much of the infrastructure is old and in need of upgrades. To address these needs, the SEJPA developed a short-term and long-term master plan. The short-term plan focused on the most critical upgrades needed to protect the asset value of existing equipment and facilities. The long-term plan explored facility modifications and improvements, generally requiring a higher level of investment. This talk will detail the process for developing the master plan, including staff and board involvement as well as budgeting.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

46A2 To Rehab or Not…Balancing Risk Versus CostClarence “Sonny” Lunde, Sacramento Area Sewer District and John Goodwin, West Yost Associates

The Central Trunk Sewer, operated by Sacramento Area Sewer District (SASD), includes 8 miles of unlined reinforced concrete pipe rang-ing from 42 to 60 inches in diameter. For years, corrosion in the Central Trunk has been monitored, studied, and treated by crown spray-ing.Using an Asset Management process including a Project Authorization Committee and Project Development Plans (PDP), SASD deter-mined the lowest cost, long-term “solution” to their deteriorating sewer problem.This presentation will present the PDP process including identification of alternative solutions (including combinations of flow diversions, replacement, rehabilitation, and continued crown spraying), developing a risk-cost model to quantify the District’s risk exposure based on the existing pipe condition, and determination of the lowest “lifecycle” cost solution. The presentation will also discuss critical design issues and solutions.Email: [email protected]

46B Business Continuity Insights – Building a Resilient AgencyJulia R. Halsne, East Bay Municipal Utility District

A business continuity program (BCP) is a comprehensive plan of consistent actions to be taken before, during, and after a disaster or other event that causes an interruption in business. The objective of business continuity planning is to protect the organization in the event that all or part of its operation is rendered unusable. The development of a formal plan should minimize the disruption to operations and ensure some level of organizational stability through response, and establish priorities for an orderly recovery after a disaster.In 2006, the California Governor released an Executive Order requiring state and local agencies to develop BCPs and test their programs. In 2006, the EBMUD BCP was reviewed and evaluated for completeness and effectiveness, and an implementation plan was developed to address recommendations. This presentation provides a summary of designing and implementing a comprehensive BCP, lessons learned and examples of specific issues facing utilities, and recommendations for implementation.Email: [email protected]

46C1 Integrating Sustainability Into Your Wastewater ProgramDawn Lesley, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

This presentation demystifies the often vague language of Sustainability and provides concrete examples to help operate, maintain, and manage wastewater systems more sustainably, that is, for better and more efficient long-term economic, environmental, and social perfor-mance.We begin with a basic introduction to Sustainability and related concepts, including the Triple Bottom Line and LEED™ (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). Then we will showcase the experiences of numerous public agencies that are saving money and resources by implementing simple Sus-tainability-oriented changes in their day-to-day administration and operations. Savings generated from these types of changes can help build support for larger Sustainability projects.Moving from the basic to the visionary, we discuss a range of Sustainability possibilities for agencies, from very simple to more holistic. We will present several clearly defined levels of commitment to Sustainability as examples to guide decision-making.Email: [email protected]

46C2 Controlling Flooding and Odor in “Old Town” – 5-Year CIP and a Case Study of San Francisco’s Combined Sewer SystemJignesh Desai and Bessie Tam, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, City and County of San Francisco

The City and County of San Francisco is one of the few combined storm sewer systems on the West Coast. As part of the Clean Water Act, the City installed a transport/storage (T/S) system, which consisted of underground structures that intercept, temporarily store, and transport storm runoff and wastewater to treatment facilities. Although the T/S system has a strong compliance history, its size and location has created ongoing issues, such as odor, in the City’s premium Financial District.


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

In 2004, a one hundred year storm caused major flooding around the City and helped surface the challenges we faced with our aging wastewater infrastructure. In response to the flood, a 5-year Capital Improvement Project was created to address immediate issues with the collection system, aging treatment facilities, and odor problems in the City’s financial areas. This presentation will provide a look at the history, development, and status of the 5-year CIP.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 47 – PUBLIC EDUCATIONSession Chair - Catherine Allin, City of Millbrae

Session Moderator - Devina Douglas, City of American Canyon

47A National Pollution Prevention Week: Seizing the Opportunity to Educate City of San Jose EmployeesSharon Newton, City of San Jose

The City of San Jose celebrated National Pollution Prevention (P2) Week for the first time in September 2007. The P2 Week celebration focused on City employees, with several events and communications activities that spotlighted the City’s year-round pollution prevention efforts and encouraged adoption of simple pollution prevention practices. Pollution Prevention Week kicked off with a formal proclamation by the City Council. Following the proclamation, commendations were presented to City staff who demonstrated outstanding efforts to incorporate pollution prevention into City operations. The week’s activities featured an employee resource fair, river walk, global warming presentation, and Water Pollution Control Plant and Wildlife Refuge tour. All activities were designed to raise awareness and give employees the tools and information needed to reduce the amount of pollution they produce at work and at home. This presentation will cover the content, successes, and lessons learned from the P2 Week program.Email: [email protected]

47B California Coastal Cleanup Day and Litter Reduction Outreach In San Mateo County, 2006: Reducing Trash in Our WaterwaysSarah Pratt, San Mateo County

San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program’s (SMCWPPP’s) Public Information and Participation subcommittee developed a focused outreach plan on litter reduction by both promoting reusable shopping bags, and coordinating the annual California Coastal Cleanup Day for San Mateo County. Volunteer participation increased by 60% over the previous year. The project involved the following activities: California Coastal Cleanup Coordination, Plastic Bag Reduction Outreach, and Surveys and Commitment Forms.Project Partners included the California Coastal Commission and Recycleworks of San Mateo County Public Works.Project summary: • 3000 bags were given away with a signed pledge form. Information about the current problem with plastics, and tips on ways to

remember their bag when they go to the grocery store were included• In 2006 with our coordination, 1,644 volunteers turned out for the Coastal Cleanup Day, picking up 21,162 pounds of trash and

recyclables in San Mateo County.Email: [email protected]

47C1 Microbes in Sewage - Reaching 7th GradersJan Raissle, City of Palo Alto Education Consultant

The Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant has successfully developed and implemented a Microbes in Sewage Lab for the 7th grade. In 2006-07, this program was delivered to 1,700 students in 57 classes in the Plant’s service area.The Microbes in Sewage Lab offers students the opportunity to view microorganisms under a microscope while developing and using the skills of scientific observation. Students are taught laboratory procedures, how to document their observations, how to use the identification chart, and how to label their findings. This curriculum directly supports the 7th grade CA State Science Standards that include microscope use, cell structure and biology, and study of microscopic life.Using live microbes from the wastewater treatment plant gives students knowledge of the infrastructure that supports our living environ-ment and gives them in-depth learning of the wastewater treatment process.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

47C2 Wetlands DaysKaterina “Nina” Capetanos, Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District

Every year during the month of May, Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District invites local 3rd grade students, teachers, and parents to partici-pate in a one-day program that continues for three days (to accommodate all the students) called Wetlands Days. The event includes 7 to 8 stations situated throughout the plant and the accompanying wetlands that incorporate a wide range of environmentally specific issues into a fun and educational experience. With the cooperation of volunteers from several of our neighboring sanitation agencies and environmen-tal groups that include, Novato Sanitary District, Central Marin Sanitation District, Sausalito Sanitary District, Sanitary Agency of Southern Marin, Marin County Storm-water Pollution Prevention Program (McStopp), and Wildcare, Wetlands Days has been an event our local schools look forward to year after year. This year the Wetlands Days program successfully reached 280 3rd grade students and 37 adults.Email: [email protected]

SESSION 48 – LABORATORYSession Chair – Barbara Santos, City of Simi Valley

Session Moderator - Bill Ray, California State Water Resources Control Board

48A How to Perform Effective Internal Audits in an Environmental Testing LaboratoryDiane Lawver, Quality Assurance Solutions, LLC

Performing effective internal audits is one of the biggest challenges faced by an environmental testing laboratory. Laboratory programs of-ten have gaps with missed internal deadlines for its audit program and for follow-up corrective actions. With limited budgets and time, how do laboratories assure consistent compliance with their own quality systems? What are the major pitfalls of common auditing procedures and how does a laboratory avoid them? How can smaller laboratories do a more effective job of performing quality system audits without fulltime support for this function? How do larger laboratories effectively manage their resources towards this endeavor? The purpose of this presentation will be to discuss highly effective auditing strategies, provide tips on what to look for when auditing, detail auditing styles that produce results, evaluate formats for documenting audit findings, and explore software tools for supporting this important effort.Email: [email protected]

48B Achieving Detection in a Non-Detect World: Emerging Technology for Emerging ContaminantsPatrice Parsons and Garrett Haertel, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency

Due to dramatic recent advances and improvements in available sampling technologies and laboratory analytical techniques, we now have the capability to detect trace levels of microcontaminants at concentrations several orders of magnitude lower than we could detect even a decade ago. This is advantageous because it can be applied to eliminate compounds required for sampling within current NPDES require-ments. It can also be useful in detecting a significant group of microcontaminants classified as Endocrine Disruptors, which are causing increasing concern within our communities. Ranging widely from caffeine to sunscreen, they are of particular interest in the wastewater field because of wide usage by the entire population, they inevitably end up in our influent in trace levels and it can be very difficult to detect their presence. Although they have likely existed in wastewater for several decades, we have only recently become aware of their occur-rence due to the emergence of these advanced techniques. Email: [email protected]

48C Legally Defensible - The Beginning!Bill Ray, California State Water Resources Control Board

Legally Defensible – Shows the listener where they can find the conditions that affect their data defensibility in court. See how paper work-sheets are acceptable as much as a bound workbook. Find out that consistency of effort pays more than multiple columns of information and pages of meaningless backup material. Are you prepared for scrutiny?Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

SESSION 49 – BIOSOLIDSSession Chair - Jonathan Hay, Black & Veatch

Session Moderator - Yuyun Shang, East Bay Municipal Utility District

49A1 Shaken or Stirred: Digester Mixing Design Success StoriesKen Fonda, Brown and Caldwell

Proper digester mixing benefits digester process operation by providing effective utilization of the digester volume. A healthy digester promotes higher levels of volatile solids destruction, reducing the volume of solids for disposal and increasing production of digester gas that can be burned as fuel to heat the digesters or produce electricity. Efficient digester mixing also keeps solids in suspension, preventing solids deposition that would reduce the working volume of the digester. Reducing solids deposition also lowers maintenance costs by increasing time between digester cleanings and decreasing the amount of solids to be removed. This paper presents case histories of several digester mixing designs and upgrades that have been in operation within the last decade. Digester mixing technologies discussed in this paper include both mechanical and gas mixing systems.Email: [email protected]

49A2 Benefiting from Digester UpgradesLinda Winters, East Bay Municipal Utility District

In 2005, East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) began upgrading 11 anaerobic digesters at its Main Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWWTP). The upgrade includes replacing digester floating covers with fixed covers, adding mechanical mixing to some of the digesters, and improving the digester heating system so that more digesters can be operated at thermophilic temperatures. Digester performance prior to and after these improvements will be discussed, with a focus on volatile solids destruction, digester foaming and digester operations. Things learned from the digester upgrading will also be shared.Email: [email protected]

49B1 Digester Gas Contaminants: What Are They and How Do You Remove Them?Thomas D. Hendrey, Whitley Burchett and Associates

Digester gas contains trace amounts of contaminants that adversely affect the beneficial use of this renewable energy resource. Wastewater treatment plants that use digester gas in a combustion process like cogeneration engines, gas turbines, or heating boilers have been plagued by increased amounts of deposits in the combustion equipment that reduce the heat transfer or the time interval between maintenance shutdowns. The nature of digester gas has been changing over the last 10 to 15 years.Besides hydrogen sulfide, a class of compounds collectively called siloxanes have been found in increasing amounts over the last 10 to 15 years. This paper discusses the contaminants routinely found in today’s digester gas, specifically what the compounds are, why they are appearing in higher concentrations and what the user can do to reduce the negative impacts from these compounds.Email: [email protected]

49B2 Increasing Your Gas Production and Reducing Your FOG ProblemsRobert Gillette, Carollo Engineers

Most States and EPA have both set a goal of eliminating all sanitary sewer overflows. While this will be extremely difficult to achieve, one major cause of stoppages can be significantly reduced and these are the ones caused by fats, oils, and greases or FOG. The use of FOG to produce bioenergy through digestion to natural gas or processing to biodiesel can make this a win/win for wastewater agencies. This presentation will present approaches to remove much of FOG from your sewer, how to contract for its delivery/supply so that it can be used, and design considerations for receiving stations and feed system configurations and options. We will also show digester considerations that have to be taken into account to prevent problems as well as the potential benefit in terms of digester gas production that can be achieved.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

49C1 Full-Scale Application of a Novel Sludge Ozonation Process for Achieving 80% Excess Sludge Reduction at a 7 MGD Municipal Wastewater PlantMalcolm Fabiyi and Richard Novak, Praxair, Inc.

As much as 40-60% of the costs of wastewater treatment are associated with the handling and disposal of excess solids. Although sludge ozonation has been identified as a promising approach for minimizing sludge generation, the high ozone consumption associated with conventional applications of the process has militated against the commercialization of this approach.We discuss a novel approach to sludge ozonation that allows the cost-effective reduction of as much as 80% of excess sludge. We also discuss the essential scaling factors that permit a successful extension of bench-scale results obtained using this approach to full-scale application in the field. We report on the results of full-scale tests carried out at a 7 MGD wastewater treatment operation treating about 22,000 lbs of COD per day which has been in operation since May 2006. Email: [email protected]

49C2 A Comparison of an Organic Biofilter and an Inorganic Biofilter for the Treatment of Residual Odors Emanating from a Biosolids Dewatering FacilityDaryl Letto, BIOREM Technologies

This presentation describes the comparison of an organic media biofilter against a synthetic media biofilter for the treatment of residual odors emanating from the operation of a biosolids dewatering and truck loading system at the City of Toronto’s Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant.Biosolids dewatering facilities are typically characterized by persistent residual nuisance odors that are typically composed of organics and reduced sulfur compounds such as DMS, DMDS, and MM. These compounds, with low water solubility and high molecular weights have typically been very difficult to degrade biologically to the stringent MOE and EPA odor guideline performance required.This presentation describes in detail the dewatering process and the generation and characterization of odors, and compares the odor removal characteristics of a softwood bark media against a mineral based, permanent media. Practical operating experiences are discussed in detail and performance under a variety of conditions is examined using theoretical models. These kinetic models are used to describe the degradation characteristics of the process and can be used to predict the performance of the systems under a variety of operating conditions.Email: [email protected]


Session Moderator - Ken Holmes, Holmes International

50A Trenchless Pipeline Rehabilitation OverviewDavid Badgley, Sancon Engineering & Technologies and Brian Bannon, RedZone Robotics

Collection systems are wastewater utilities’ largest investment. They have a replacement value greater than that of a wastewater treatment plant. Sixty to ninety billion dollars per year are spent on pipeline replacement in the United States. The congressional budget office esti-mates that an average of 71 to 98 billion dollars will need to be spent on water and wastewater systems through 2019. Trenchless tech-nologies have become a major alternative to traditional digging for replacement of these lines. This session will discuss the following:1. Problems such as: infiltration, exfiltration, roots, corrosion, and structural defects.2. The four basic styles of technology used for replacement and rehabilitation of pipelines. • Dig & Replace • Continuous, Sectional, and Spiral wound slip liners • Cured-in-place pipe liners • Folded and Re-formed pipe liners 3. Case histories for sewer and storm drain rehabilitation.Email: [email protected]


TECHNICAL SESSIONS

50B Large Diameter Pipeline Condition Assessment ServicesDavid Badgley, Sancon Engineering & Technologies and Brian Bannon, RedZone Robotics

High-tech robots and specialty sensors developed for the federal government (i.e. DOE, DOD, DOI, and EPA), have been adapted for large diameter sewer pipeline condition assessment. Robots with a value of over $1,500,000 provide the capability of transporting sensors over a mile through large diameter live sewer lines. Robots carry a suite of sensors including sonar, laser, CCTV, high-resolution photographic and toxic gas to evaluate the pipeline condition both above and below the liquid level.The data from the sensors are synchronized together to provide the agency an understanding of the condition of their infrastructure assets. The digital data can be used to compare data collected from previous inspections to schedule maintenance and replacement of the under-ground assets. This data allows the agency to develop long-term budgets and establish a tax rate based on estimated life of the assets. This presentation includes case histories. Email: [email protected]

50C1 Building a Large Diameter Deep Sewer Pipeline Under Urban Constraints – the Upper Northwest Interceptor Section 9 and Associated Northeast Area Relief ProjectsXiangquan Li, HDR Inc.

The Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District (SRCSD) initiated the Upper Northwest Interceptor (UNWI) Program to relieve sanitary sewer surcharges in Northern Sacramento County, and to support the area’s fast-pace growth. UNWI includes a series of sanitary sewer lines. The subject project is a portion of this entire program. It includes approximately 5.4 miles of 36-inch diameter and 0.8 miles of 24-inch diameter pipeline. Key features of the project are: • Large Diameter Deep Sewer Line: Most of the subject pipeline is between 25 and 62 feet deep. Majority of the pipeline will be

constructed by microtunnel.• Urban Constraints: The entire project is in a heavily developed area. Traffic impacts, underground and overhead utilities,

construction noise and potential ground vibration, public safety, and environmental issues pose challenges to construction.Email: [email protected]

50C2 Sewer Evaluation Study: Comparison of Electro-Scan, Joint Pressure Testing and CCTV InspectionRobert Harris, Leak Busters Inc.

Electro-scan, joint pressure testing (JPT) and CCTV inspection were compared to evaluate their effectiveness of detecting potential leaks in sewer pipes. The joint condition assessment comparison showed that; the number of defective joints detected by JPT were within 4% of those detected by electro-scan, and both the JPT and electro-scan independently detected more than three times the number of defective joints than those detected by CCTV.The comparison between faulty service connections reported by CCTV and electro-scan showed that electro-scan detected four times more defective service connections than CCTV. The electro-scan also showed that these defects were generally considerably larger than those at the pipe joints.The study showed that: electro-scan is as reliable as JPT at 20% to 25% of the cost of JPT; and electro-scan is at least three times more effective at finding pipe defects than CCTV at significantly lower all-up cost than CCTV.Email: [email protected]

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CWEA SESSIONS v3Christine de Barbadillo, Black & Veatch Traditionally, grit system design criteria...

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