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Cycles of MatterCycles of Matter
Water CycleWater Cycle Water moves between the Earth’s surface and Water moves between the Earth’s surface and
the atmosphere the atmosphere The sun provides the energy to drive the cycleThe sun provides the energy to drive the cycle EvaporationEvaporation – water changes from a liquid to – water changes from a liquid to
a gasa gas PrecipitationPrecipitation – water vapor cools and falls to – water vapor cools and falls to
Earth as rain, sleet, or snowEarth as rain, sleet, or snow GroundwaterGroundwater – layer of water underground – layer of water underground
Water CycleWater Cycle Living organisms move water about…Living organisms move water about…
Carried within bodies (by drinking it or extracting Carried within bodies (by drinking it or extracting it from food)it from food)
During respiration, water is excretedDuring respiration, water is excreted Water also evaporates from the skin as sweatWater also evaporates from the skin as sweat Plant roots collect water from the soilPlant roots collect water from the soil
Some is used for photosynthesisSome is used for photosynthesis Some is evaporated or transpired from the leavesSome is evaporated or transpired from the leaves
Water CycleWater Cycle What are the 3 phases of water?What are the 3 phases of water?
SolidSolid Ex. Glaciers, ice on the surface of a lake or pondEx. Glaciers, ice on the surface of a lake or pond
LiquidLiquid Ex. oceans, rivers, streams, lakesEx. oceans, rivers, streams, lakes
GasGas Ex. Water vaporEx. Water vapor Water vapor cannot be seen, but we know that fog and Water vapor cannot be seen, but we know that fog and
clouds contain itclouds contain it
Water CycleWater Cycle
Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Carbon is an essential part of proteins, lipids, Carbon is an essential part of proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, and nucleic acids needed for lifecarbohydrates, and nucleic acids needed for life Producers take COProducers take CO22 from the atmosphere to undergo from the atmosphere to undergo
photosynthesisphotosynthesis Consumers eat the producers to obtain carbonConsumers eat the producers to obtain carbon COCO22 is released back to the atmosphere during is released back to the atmosphere during
cellular respirationcellular respiration Fossil fuels store carbon that is then released when Fossil fuels store carbon that is then released when
they are burnedthey are burned
Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Four main reservoirs of carbon:Four main reservoirs of carbon:
AtmosphereAtmosphere Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxideCarbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
Terrestrial BiosphereTerrestrial Biosphere Includes freshwater, soilIncludes freshwater, soil
OceansOceans Dissolved carbon, living organisms in the oceanDissolved carbon, living organisms in the ocean
SedimentsSediments Fossil fuelsFossil fuels
Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle Four processes involved in the carbon cycle:Four processes involved in the carbon cycle:
Biological processes – photosynthesis, respiration Biological processes – photosynthesis, respiration & decomposition& decomposition
Geochemical processes – release of carbon dioxide Geochemical processes – release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere by volcanoesgas into the atmosphere by volcanoes
Mixed biogeochemical processes – burial of Mixed biogeochemical processes – burial of carbon-rich organisms and their conversion to carbon-rich organisms and their conversion to fossil fuelsfossil fuels
Human activity – mining, burning of fossil fuelsHuman activity – mining, burning of fossil fuels
Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle
Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle All organisms need nitrogen to build All organisms need nitrogen to build
proteinsproteins Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the
atmosphereatmosphere Nitrogen-fixing bacteriaNitrogen-fixing bacteria – Convert – Convert
nitrogen from the air into ammonia nitrogen from the air into ammonia ((nitrogen fixationnitrogen fixation))
Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle Ammonia is converted into nitrates and Ammonia is converted into nitrates and
nitrites, which plants and other producers nitrites, which plants and other producers can use (can use (nitrificationnitrification))
Bacteria convert nitrogen in the soil into Bacteria convert nitrogen in the soil into atmospheric nitrogen (atmospheric nitrogen (denitrificationdenitrification))
Decomposers return nitrogen to the soilDecomposers return nitrogen to the soil
Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle