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Cycling of Matter in Living Systems
Development of Imaging Technologies
To be able to study cells and increase our knowledge of cells there had to be new developments in microscope technology and staining techniques
Microscopes were built to see the building blocks of life but cells are not easily seen unless something is done to them (ie staining or illumination)
Evolution of microscopy
Viewing through a water filled-glass sphereObserved magnification, but did not put it to
practical use
Ancient Greeks
Brief history of Microscopy
Two lens systemMagnification extending the reach of the
human eye
Janssen brothers (Dutch) 1590
Three lens systemMagnification allowing for the observation of
cells
Robert Hooke (British) 1655
Single lens system similar to a magnifying glass
Able to see moving microorganisms
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch) 1673
Uses two or more curved lenses and a light source to magnify objects
Compound Light microscope
Modern Microscopy Technology
Uses beam of electrons to produce images with fine detail
Electron Microscopy
TEM-Transmission electron microscopeSEM-Scanning electron microscope
Types of Electron Microscopes
Provides information about molecules on the cell surface
Fluorescence Microscopy
Uses laser beams; the living, transparent cell can be viewed in 3D
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Technology
More magnifying power than an electron microscope
Produces 3D images of molecules such as DNA
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Contrast enhancing techniques
Provides contrast for observing individual structures and kills cells
Stain
Ability to distinguish between two structures that are very close together
Resolution