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Cylinder Deactivation A technology with a future or a niche application? Dave Kehr
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Page 1: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Cylinder Deactivation –

A technology with a future or a niche application?

Dave Kehr

Page 2: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 1

First application: Cadillac Seville

1981

6.0L V8 OHV

864

Page 3: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 2

Examples for cylinder deactivation in mass production

2010 2000 1980 1990

5.0L V8

5.5L V8

5.8L V12

3.5L V6

1.4L I4

4.0L V8

6 3/4L V8

6.5L V12

6.4L V8

6.0L V8

3.9L V6

5.3L V8

6.0L V8

5.7L V8

Why the gap?

Page 4: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 3

Operating principal of cylinder deactivation

Engine Speed in rpm

To

rqu

e in

Nm

4-cylinder mode

Engine Speed in rpm

To

rqu

e in

Nm

8-cylinder mode

Road load curve

Lowest

specific fuel

consumption

Constant

specific fuel

consumption

Engine is

operating closer to

lowest fuel

consumption

Page 5: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 4

Fuel consumption improvement potential p

me

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

bar

10

n 1000 1500 2000 min-1 3000

-20 -18-16

-14

-12

-10-8

-6

-4-2

0

2

46

6

8

8

be in %

Differenz-Kennfeld 1,4l 4Zgegenüber 1,4l 4Z - ZAS

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14

-16

-18

-20

bra

ke m

ean

eff

ecti

ve

pre

ssu

re i

n b

ar

engine speed in rpm

Benefit for 4

cylinder mode

Benefit for 2

cylinder mode

Theoretical

switching

threshold

Optimum

combustion

1.4L 4 cyl. with 2 cyl. operation

Page 6: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 5

Two different cylinder deactivation strategies

Drehzahlbereich

Direct injection can improve cylinder deactivation NVH

So

urc

e: M

TZ

"T

he

Ne

w A

MG

5.5

L V

8 N

atu

rally

Asp

ira

ted

En

gin

e w

ith

Cylin

de

r S

hu

t-o

ff"

BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC BDC TDC

Traditional Recent

development

Higher combustion pressures

More pressure variation

Lower combustion pressures

Less pressure variation

Page 7: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 6

Switching strategy – managing torque change

Ignition angle-

efficiency

Actu

ato

r sh

ifti

ng

Filling- target

Actual filling

4 Cyl. Mode Switch-over phase Time 8 Cyl. Mode

En

gin

e To

rqu

e

Cylinder filling (Throttle position)

Sourc

e: M

TZ

Sourc

e: M

TZ

The n

ew

Audi V

8 T

FS

I E

ngin

e P

art

2

Page 8: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Working principle

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 7

Switchable finger follower

Valve train with switchable

finger follower and hydraulic

support element

Page 9: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 8

Switchable finger follower

Full lift mode

Deactivation mode

Oil supply

Exhaust Intake

Exhaust Intake

Page 10: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 9

Switchable pivot element

Working principle

Oil supply

Page 11: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Intake

Exhaust

cyl 4 cyl 2 cyl 3 cyl 1

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 10

Controlled oil circuit layout

cyl 4 cyl 2 cyl 3 cyl 1

Switching window

independent VCT

Switching window

up to 180° (cam)

Simple oil galleries

Switching window

up to 250° (cam) -

VCT Influence

Cylinder selective

Compact oil

galleries

Oil circuit design Advantages

Para

llel

Cylin

der

sele

cta

ble

Intake

Exhaust

Page 12: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 11

Variable valve lift by cam shifting system (2-step)

Cylinder- and camshaft selective

variability

Provides OBD signal

Can be upgraded to 3-step

(modular principle)

System Advantages

Page 13: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Title

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr

Chapter

Variabilität durch Schiebenocken-

System (2-Stufigkeit)

- Zylinder- und

nockenwellenselektive Variabilität

- OBD-Signal "aktiv/integriert"

ausbaufähig zur 3-Stufigkeit

(Baukastenprinzip)

12

Page 14: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 13

Electro-hydraulic valve train systems

Uniair-System

Fully variable Lift

Zero lift capable

Provides OBD

signal

Advantages

Page 15: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 14

Fuel consumption improvement potential using CDA

Number of Cylinders per Engine

Fu

el C

on

su

mp

tio

n R

ed

ucti

on

in

%

8 6 4 3

15

8

5 4

Page 16: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr 15

Final thoughts

We offer the right components…

…for fuel efficient technology

Page 17: Cylinder Deactivation – A technology with a future or a ... · 3 Schaeffler Symposium 2014 Dave Kehr Operating principal of cylinder deactivation Engine Speed in rpm in Nm 4-cylinder

By failing to prepare,

you are preparing to fail

” ‟

Benjamin Franklin

1706 – 1790


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