CYPRUS
The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/ 99/ EC
TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES ANDZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS ANDFEEDINGSTUFFS
including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobialresistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenicmicrobiological agents
IN 2007
INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEMCountry: CyprusReporting Year: 2007
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007
PREFACEThis report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/ 99/ EC1. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Cyprus during theyear 2007. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffsand in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in somezoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborneoutbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole EuropeanCommunity as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in thecountry. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the CommunityLegislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of theepidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given.Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans isevaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that ispublished each year by EFSA.
1 Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring ofzoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325,17.11.2003, p. 31
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007
LIST OF CONTENTS1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS 12. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 32.1. SALMONELLOSIS 42.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 42.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans 52.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffs 62.1.4. Salmonella in animals 142.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs 332.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution 342.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 352.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 442.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 442.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans 452.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs 492.2.4. Campylobacter in animals 512.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 532.3. LISTERIOSIS 622.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 622.3.2. Listeriosis in humans 632.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs 662.3.4. Listeria in animals 662.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS 672.4.1. General evaluation of the national situation 672.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans 682.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs 692.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals 692.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 712.5.1. General evaluation of the national situation 712.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans 722.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals 732.6. BRUCELLOSIS 782.6.1. General evaluation of the national situation 782.6.2. Brucellosis in humans 802.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs 832.6.4. Brucella in animals 842.7. YERSINIOSIS 962.7.1. General evaluation of the national situation 962.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans 972.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs 1012.7.4. Yersinia in animals 1012.8. TRICHINELLOSIS 1032.8.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1032.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans 1032.8.3. Trichinella in animals 105
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2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS 1062.9.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1062.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans 1072.9.3. Echinococcus in animals 1102.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS 1112.10.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1112.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans 1122.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals 1152.11. RABIES 1162.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1162.11.2. Rabies in humans 1172.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 1182.12. QFEVER 1202.12.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1202.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals 120
3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE
121
3.1. ENTEROCOCCUS, NONPATHOGENIC 1223.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1223.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, nonpathogenic isolates 1233.2. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC 1243.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1243.2.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates 125
4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 1264.1. HISTAMINE 1274.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1274.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs 1274.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII 1284.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1284.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs 1284.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 1294.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 1294.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 129
5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 130
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007
1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS
The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of theanimal population in the country.
A. Information on susceptible animal population
Sources of information:
The information furnished derives from the Veterinary Services' database
Dates the figures relate to and the content of the figures:
The numbers represent the number of animals present on Μay 2008.
National evaluation of the numbers of susceptible population and trends in these figures:
The total bovine population is estimated to 56,722 animals, reared in 350 herds. The population underthe brucellosis program is 38,824 animals in 322 herds.The total sheep and goat population is estimated to 329,166 and 305,124 animals, respectively, rearedin 3,576 herds. The population under the brucellosis program is 566,482 animals in 3,427 flocks.
Geographical distribution and size distribution of the herds, flocks and holdings
The animal population is allocated as follows:Bovine Herds:70 herds with 15 animals, 21 herds with 610 animals, 20 herds with 1125 animals, 14 herds with2650 animals, 23 herds with 51100 animals, 93 herds with 101200 animals, 47 herds with 201300animals and 62 herds with more than 301 animals. The Total number of bovine herds is 350.Sheep and goat Herds:331 flocks with 15 animals, 291 flocks with 610 animals, 576 flocks with 1125 animals, 503 flockswith 2650 animals, 468 flocks with 51100 animals, 501 flocks with 101200 animals, 246 flockswith 201300 animals and 660 flocks with more than 301 animals.The Total number of Sheep and Goat flocks is 3,576.
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Table Susceptible animal populations
* Only if different than current reporting yearAnimal species Category of
animalsNumber of herds orflocks
Number ofslaughtered animals
Livestock numbers(live animals)
Number of holdings
Year* Year* Year* Year*Cattle (bovineanimals)
in total 350 May2008
17,348 2007 56.722 May2008
350 May2008
Goats in total 164565 2007 305124 May2008
Sheep in total 131559 2007 329166 May2008
Sheep and goats in total 3576 May2008
3576 May2008
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2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTICAGENTS
Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals andhumans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria,fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses.
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2.1. SALMONELLOSIS
2.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. General evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
Over the last years a surveilance program has been applied by the Veterinary Services covering thepoultry sector. <br/ >Foods of animal origin are examined for Samonella on a regular basis
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
Nowadays data exist for poultry and foods of animal origin.
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2.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans
A. Salmonellosis in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES, SINCE 1932
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION SINCE JANUARY 2004
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA.
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE(PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND AMENDMENTS.MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE SINCE 1932
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
SPORADIC CASES ARE REPORTED YEARLY AS WELL AS OCCASIONAL SMALLOUTBREAKS. ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE IS IN PLACE AS WELL AS CASE BY CASEINVESTIGATION BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSPECTORS
Relevance as zoonotic disease
SURVEILLANCE OF HUMAN CASES IS ACTIVE BEARING IN MIND THE NEED TOEVALUATE PREVENTION PROGRAMMES AS WELL AS THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OFCASES AND PREVENTION OF FURTHER CASES
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2.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffs
A. Salmonella spp. in eggs and egg products
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Eggs at egg packing centres (foodstuff based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Eggs at retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Raw material for egg products (at production plant)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Egg products (at production plant and at retail)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Definition of positive finding
Eggs at egg packing centres (foodstuff based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Eggs at retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Raw material for egg products (at production plant)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Egg products (at production plant and at retail)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
B. Salmonella spp. in broiler meat and products thereof
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
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At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Definition of positive finding
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
C. Salmonella spp. in turkey meat and products thereof
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Definition of positive finding
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
D. Salmonella spp. in pig meat and products thereof
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Definition of positive finding
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
E. Salmonella spp. in bovine meat and products thereof
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Definition of positive finding
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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2.1.4. Salmonella in animals
A. Salmonella spp. in Gallus gallus breeding flocks for egg production and flocksof laying hens
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary)
All haying hen farms will be included in the sampling frame.
Laying hens flocks
The sampling programme will be according to the Annex of Regulation (EC) No 1168/ 2006 regarding the Community target for the reduction of certain salmonella serotypesin laying hens of Gallus gallus. Moreover, owners of layer holdings are obliged toperform tests for salmonella according to Part B of Annex II of Regulation (EC) No2160/ 2003.
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Dayold chicks
The sampling programme will be according to the Annex of Regulation (EC) No 1168/ 2006 regarding the Community target for the reduction of certain salmonella serotypesin laying hens of Gallus gallus. Moreover, owners of layer holdings are obliged toperform tests for salmonella according to Part B of Annex II of Regulation (EC) No2160/ 2003.
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
The sampling programme will be according to the Annex of Regulation (EC) No 1168/ 2006 regarding the Community target for the reduction of certain salmonella serotypesin laying hens of Gallus gallus. Moreover, owners of layer holdings are obliged toperform tests for salmonella according to Part B of Annex II of Regulation (EC) No2160/ 2003.
Breeding flocks: Production period
The sampling programme will be according to the Annex of Regulation (EC) No 1168/ 2006 regarding the Community target for the reduction of certain salmonella serotypesin laying hens of Gallus gallus. Moreover, owners of layer holdings are obliged toperform tests for salmonella according to Part B of Annex II of Regulation (EC) No2160/ 2003.
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Laying hens: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: At slaughter
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Eggs at packing centre (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: Before slaughter at farm
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens: At slaughter
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Eggs at packing centre (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laying hens flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
B. Salmonella spp. in Gallus gallus breeding flocks for meat production andbroiler flocks
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks: Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Vaccination policy
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Broiler flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary):Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary):Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary):Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Broiler flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Broiler flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
C. Salmonella spp. in turkey breeding flocks and meat production flocks
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
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Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Meat production flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
D. Salmonella spp. in geese breeding flocks and meat production flocks
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
Imported feed material of animal origin
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks whennecessary): Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Dayold chicks
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Breeding flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks: Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
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Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat Production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
E. Salmonella spp. in ducks breeding flocks and meat production flocks
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Breeding flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks: Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Breeding flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 26
Breeding flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breeding flocks: Production period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Dayold chicks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks: At slaughter (flock based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Breeding flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Meat production flocks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 27
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
F. Salmonella spp. in pigs
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Breeding herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Multiplying herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Breeding herds
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 28
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Multiplying herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds at slaughterhouse (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Breeding herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Multiplying herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds at slaughterhouse (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
Breeding herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Multiplying herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Breeding herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Multiplying herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 29
Fattening herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Breeding herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Multiplying herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Fattening herds
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
G. Salmonella spp. in bovine animals
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 30
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 31
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 32
2.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs
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2.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution
The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in the chapters aboverespectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype and phagetype distributions can beused to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans. Findings of same serovars andphagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animals may indicate that the food category or animal species inquestion serves as a source of human infections. However as information is not available from all potentialsources of infections, conclusions have to be drawn with caution.
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2.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to survive or grow in the presence of a givenconcentration of antimicrobial agent that usually would kill or inhibit the microorganism species in question.Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains may be transferred from animals or foodstuffs to humans.
A. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in cattle
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 35
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
B. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in pigs
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 36
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 37
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
C. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in poultry
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 38
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
D. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from cattle
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 39
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
E. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from pigs
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
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Cyprus 2007 40
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 41
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
F. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in foodstuff derived from poultry
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Cyprus 2007 43
2.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
2.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Thermophilic Campylobacter general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Cyprus 2007 44
2.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans
A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES SINCE JANUARY 2005
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY RECOMMENDED CRITERIA FORDIAGNOSIS
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE(PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND THEIR AMENDMENTS.MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE SINCE JANUARY 2005
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NOT APPLICABLE
Results of the investigation
NOT APPLICABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NOT APPLICABLE
Relevance as zoonotic disease
IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN DECLARED MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE DISEASE ANDTHEREFORE NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE FOR 2004.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 45
Table Cam
pylobacter in hum
ans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.Autochthon cases
Autochthon Inc.
Imported cases
Imported In
c.Unknown status
Cam
pylobacter
00
00
00
0
C. coli
C. jejuni
C. upsaliensis
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 46
Table Cam
pylobacter in hum
ans Age distribution
C. coli
C. jejuni
Cam
pylobacter sp
p., unspecified
Age Distribution
All
MF
All
MF
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 47
Table Cam
pylobacter in hum
ans Seasonal distribution
C. coli
C. jejuni
C. upsaliensis
Cam
pylobacter sp
p., unspecified
Month
Cases
Cases
Cases
Cases
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem
ber
October
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
not known
Total :
0 0
0 0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 48
2.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs
A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in Broiler meat and products thereof
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Definition of positive finding
At slaughterhouse and cutting plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At meat processing plant
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At retail
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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2.2.4. Campylobacter in animals
A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in Gallus gallus
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At slaughter
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Rearing period
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Before slaughter at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
At slaughter
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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2.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates
A. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and coli in cattle
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
B. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and coli in pigs
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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C. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and coli in poultry
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
D. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and coli in foodstuff derivedfrom cattle
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
E. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and coli in foodstuff derived
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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from pigs
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
F. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and coli in foodstuff derivedfrom poultry
Sampling strategy used in monitoring
Frequency of the sampling
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Type of specimen taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Procedures for the selection of isolates for antimicrobial testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods used for collecting data
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Laboratory methodology used for identification of the microbial isolates
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Laboratory used for detection for resistance
Antimicrobials included in monitoring
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Breakpoints used in testing
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Preventive measures in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
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2.3. LISTERIOSIS
2.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Listeriosis general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 62
2.3.2. Listeriosis in humans
A. Listeriosis in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES, SINCE JANUARY 2005
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICOBIOLOGY LABORATORY CRITERIA
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE (PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND THEIR AMENDMENTS.MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE SINCE JANUARY 2005
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NOT APPLICABLE
Results of the investigation
NOT APPLICABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NOT APPLICABLE
Relevance as zoonotic disease
IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN DECLARED AS A MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE DISEASE ANDTHEREFORE NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE FOR 2004.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 63
Table Listeria in hum
ans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.
Listeria
00
Listeria sp
p.
Congenital cases
Deaths
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 64
Table Listeria in hum
ans Age distribution
L. m
onocytogenes
Listeria spp.
Age Distribution
All
MF
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0 0
0 0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 65
2.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs
2.3.4. Listeria in animals
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2.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS
2.4.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 67
2.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans
A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES, SINCE JANUARY 2005 FOLLOWING AMENDMENT OF THE LEGISLATION
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE (PUBLIC HEALTH)LAW AND REGULATIONS AND THEIRAMENDMENTS.NOTIFIABLE SINCE JANUARY 2005
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NOT APPLICABLE
Results of the investigation
NOT APPLICABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NOT APPLICABLE
Relevance as zoonotic disease
IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN DECLARED AS A MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE DISEASETHEREFORE NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE FOR 2004.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 68
2.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs
2.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals
A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cattle (bovine animals)
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 69
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 70
2.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES
2.5.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Tuberculosis general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
Tuberculin test campaigns have been applied since 1970 on all bovines over the age of six months. Nocase of TB has been found in Cyprus since 1970. The 1975 campaign was assisted by FAO'sepizootiologist Dr. Petar Markovic. Since 1986 tuberculin test had been applied only on bovines overthe age of 24 months. Records indicate that tests on herd level were performed during the followingperiods: 198283, 19868788, 199495, and 20002001.The records prove that the animals whichhave initially reacted positively or inconclusively to the tuberculin test were retested according toDirective 64/ 432/ EEC provisions and all proved to be negative. Animals to enter the herds did notrequire testing for tuberculosis as these animals were originating from herds located in the territory ofCyprus in which the Government of Cyprus excercises effective control; thus regularly tested for TB.All slaughtered animals and their carcasses are necrotomicaly checked, prior been given to the meatindustry for human consumption, for possible presence of TB lesions.An island wide tuberculin testcampaign began in 2004 according to Directive 64/ 432/ EECprovisions. In 2004, 6937 animals weretested from 82 holdings of which none gave positive reaction. Two animals which reacted to thesingle intradermal test, had finally proved to be negative after the conduction of the intradermalcomparative test.In 2005, 38779 animals were tested from 215 holdings. 122 holdings were assignedthe Officially Free Status. In 2005 none animal has reacted positively to the single intradermal testing.
In 2006, 110 holdings retained the Bovine Tuberculosis Officially Free Status (BTBOFS) and 38holdings have been assigned the BTBOFS. The target number of holdings was 326.One animal has reacted inconclusively to the single intradermal testing. This animal was led to theslaughterhouse and pathological material for the confirmation of M. bovis was taken fromlymphnodes (retropharyngeal, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes) and from parenchymatousorgans (lungs, liver, spleen). The animal did not present any pathological lesions during postmortemexamination and all the samples were examined microbiologically (examination of stained smears andcultivation). None sample gave a positive result.
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
In 2007, 100 holdings retained the Bovine Tuberculosis Officially Free Status (BTBOFS) and 43holdings have been assigned the BTBOFS. The target number of holdings was 319
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
The national tuberculin test campaign which had begun in August 2004 according to Directive 64/ 432/ EEC provisions continues. This program aims to examine all bovines over the age of six weeksand to assign to all the herds the Officially Free Status.
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2.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans
A. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES, SINCE 1932
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE (PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND THEIR AMENDMENTS.
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
BOVINE TB HASN'T BEEN A PROBLEM FOR HUMANS IN CYPRUS.
Relevance as zoonotic disease
THOUGH BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IS NOT A PROBLEM IN HUMANS IN CYPRUS, WERECOGNISE THE NEED FOR CONTINUOUS COLLABORATION IN THE AREA WITH THEVETERINARY SERVICES AS WELL AS ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE
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2.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals
A. Mycobacterium bovis in bovine animals
Status as officially free of bovine tuberculosis during the reporting year
The entire country free
In 2007, 100 holdings retained the Βovine Tuberculosis Officially Free Status (ΒTΒOFS) and43 holdings were assigned the TBOFS. The target number of holdings was 319.
Free regions
Almost all the bovine herds in the districts of Lemesos and Paphos are Tuberculosis OfficiallyFree. The procedure for declaring these regions as Tuberculosis Officially Free Regions willcommence as soon as all herds are officially declared Τuberculosis free.
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
All animals above the age of six weeks are tested for TB. In order for a holding to be assignedthe TΒOFS its animals must undergo two consecutive tuberculin tests within a minimum of asix month time interval. The holding retains its TBOFS if all its animals above six weeks οf ageare subjected to tuberculin testing every year.
Frequency of the sampling
Bovines above six weeks of age must undergo two consecutive tuberculin tests within aminimum period of a six month time interval. A holding retains its TBOFS if all its animals aresubjected to tuberculin test every year.
Type of specimen taken
Other: Tuberculosis skin reaction
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
As described in Annex A of the EU Directive 64/ 432/ EEC
Case definition
If an animal yields a positive reaction to the single intradermal test (Bovine tuberculin) it isfurther examined with the comparative intradermal test (Bovine and Avian tuberculin). If it yields a positive reaction to the second test it is considered positive; the animal isslaughtered, necrotomically examined for tuberculosis' lesions and samples are taken forlaboratory in order to detect M. bovis in the case of positive necrotomical findings.
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
1) Single and comparative Tuberculin skin tests (Bovine and Avian tuberculin) 2) Postmortem examination.
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3) Microbiological examination.
Vaccination policy
No vaccination is allowed.Following the completion of the first tuberculin test no animal over six weeks old is allowed to enterthe herd, unless it reacts negatively to an intradermal tuberculin test carried out either 30 days prior tothe movement or 30 days after its introduction into the herd.
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Following the completion of the first tuberculin test no animal over six weeks old is allowed to enterthe herd, unless it reacts negatively to an intradermal tuberculin test carried out either 30 days prior tothe movement or 30 days after its introduction into the herd.
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
The control program aims to examine all bovines over the age of six weeks according to theprovisions of Directive 64/ 432/ EEC. The main objective of the program is to assign to bovineherds the Bovine Tuberculosis Officially Free Status (ΒTBOFS).
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Testing, monitoring and surveillance.
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
The animal is slaughtered and samples are taken for the laboratory (microbiological) isolation of M.bovis. Movement restrictions are imposed on the herd and the milk must be pasteurized. If the presence of tuberculosis is not confirmed laboratorily, the already applied movement restrictionsare lifted following a negative test applied on all animals over six weeks of age. The test is conducted at least 42 days after the removal of the reactors animals. On the other hand if tuberculosis is laboratorily confirmed, movement restrictions are lifted whencleansing and disinfection of the premises and utensils has been completed and all animals over sixweeks of age have reacted negatively to at least two consecutive tuberculin tests. The first oneconducted not less than 60 days and the second not less than four months and no more than 12 afterthe removal of the last positive animal.
Notification system in place
It has always been a notifiable in Cyprus and any occurrence of the disease is obligatory notifiable tothe Veterinary Services by law. No case has been reported since 1928
Results of the investigation
In 2007, 100 holdings retained the Bovine Tuberculosis Officially Free Status (BTBOFS) and 43holdings have been assigned the BTBOFS. The target number of holdings was 319.
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
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Cyprus 2007 74
None animal reacted positively in 2007.
B. Mycobacterium bovis in farmed deer
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Not applied as no farm deer exist in Cyrpus
Frequency of the sampling
Not applied
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Not applied
Case definition
Not applied
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
Not applied
Vaccination policy
Not applied
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Not applied
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Not applied
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Not applied
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
Not applied
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
Not applied
Notification system in place
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 75
Not applied
Results of the investigation
Not applied
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
Not applied
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
Not applied
Additional information
Not applied
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 76
Table Bovine tuberculosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com
munity cofin
ancing for
eradication programmes
Region
Total num
ber of
existin
g bovine
Officially free
herds
Infected herds
Routin
e tuberculin
testing
Num
ber of tuberculin
tests carried out
before the
introduction
Num
ber of animals
with
suspicious
lesions of tuberculosis
Num
ber of animals
detected positive in
bacteriological
exam
ination
Herds
Animals
Num
ber of
herds
%
Num
ber of
herds
%
Interval
between
routine
tuberculin
tests (*)
Num
ber of
animals
tested
into the herds (Annex
A(I)(2
)(c) third
indent (1) of
Directive 64/ 432/
EEC)
exam
ined and
subm
itted to
histopathological and
bacteriological
exam
inations
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
353
54476
143
40.51
0 0
5 31459
0 0
0
Total
353
54476
143
40.51
0 0
31459
0 0
0
Footnote
Α six month interval between routine tuberculin tests is required for the BTB
OFS to be assigned to a herd.
After that the interval between the TB
tests carried in a herd in order for it to withstand the BTB
OFS is one year.
(*) L
egend:
In colum
n "Interval between routine tuberculin tests" use the following numeric codes: (0) no routine tests; (1) tests once a year; (2) tests each two years; (3) tests
each three years concerning 24 monthold animals; (4) tests each 4 years; (5) others (please give details).
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2.6. BRUCELLOSIS
2.6.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Brucellosis general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
The causative agent of brucellosis in Cyprus at both bovine and sheep / goats is Brucella melitensis.Brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus has never been diagnosed in Cyprus (with the exception of theperiod 1921 to 1932, when it was imported in the island by cattle that were brought from the U.K.).As of 2001 a brucellosis eradication programme is applied on the area controlled by the VeterinaryServices of the Republic of Cyprus. Evolution of Brucellosis in Cyprus:1930 to 1932Brucellosis was found in goats imported from Malta (no spread)1964One outbreak in a bovine herd1970 to 1973Sporadic outbreaks1973 to 1985National Eradication program against BrucellosisSuccessful test and slaughter eradication campaign1985 1997No outbreaks of the disease1997 to 2000Reappearance of the disease2001Beginning of Brucellosis Eradication and Elimination Project
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
According to the epidemiological data, from 2000 until the end of 2006, the prevalence and incidenceof bovine, as well as, ovine and caprine brucellosis in Cyprus have decreased dramatically.Possible sources of infection in a herd or a flock are:∙ the neighboring with known infected farms (most common)∙ common use of machines∙ illegal movements of animals from known infected farms∙ sharing of pasture∙ mechanical vectors (e.g. lorries of traders)
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
There were no human cases of brucellosis during 2006.
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
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On the area controlled by the Veterinary Services of the Republic of Cyprus from 2001 is applied thebrucellosis eradication programme.
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2.6.2. Brucellosis in humans
A. Brucellosis in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES, SINCE 1983
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION SINCE JANUARY 2004
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA SINCEJANUARY 2004
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE(PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND AMENDMENTS.MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE.
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
SPORADIC CASES OF BRUCELLOSIS WERE REPORTED OVER THE YEARS. THE ONLYCASE IN 2004 WAS OCCUPATION RELATED
Relevance as zoonotic disease
SPORADIC CASES OF BRUCELLOSIS WERE REPORTED OVER THE YEARS. THERE IS ACONTINUOUS COLLABORATION WITH THE VETERINARY SERVICES, AS ON THE AREACONTROLLED BY THE VETERINARY SERVICES OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS. ABRUCELLOSIS ERADICATION PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE AS OF 2001. CLINICIANS AREALERTED ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF DIAGNOSIS AND A SYSTEM FORSURVEILLANCE IS IN PLACE
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Table Brucella in hum
ans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.Autochthon cases
Autochthon Inc.
Imported cases
Imported In
c.
Brucella
00
00
00
B. abortus
B. m
elitensis
B. suis
Occupational cases
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 81
Table Brucella in hum
ans Age distribution
B. abortus
B. m
elitensis
Brucella sp
p.
Age Distribution
All
MF
All
MF
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 82
2.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs
Table Brucella in food
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Brucella sp
p.
B. m
elitensis
B. abortus
B. suis
Brucella sp
p., unspecified
Footnote
No data availablle
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 83
2.6.4. Brucella in animals
A. Brucella abortus in bovine animals
Status as officially free of bovine brucellosis during the reporting year
Free regions
Monitoring system
Frequency of the sampling
Vaccination policy
B. Brucella melitensis in goats
Monitoring system
Type of specimen taken
Other:
Vaccination policy
Vaccination is prohibited
C. B. melitensis in animal Cattle (bovine animals)
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At infected and suspected herds sampling is targeted. Concerning the other herds; sampling is part of a permanent monitoring scheme. Samples are collected at farm level, by the employees of the Veterinary Services.
Frequency of the sampling
Infected farms: Monthly blood sampling of all animals over 12 months. Cultures from milksamples from the seropositive animals in new outbreaks and from fetuses (in any case ofabortion)Non infected farms: Cultures from milk samples and fetuses from aborting animals. Bulk milksamples every 3 months from all herds having more than 10 dairy cows. Blood sampling of allanimals over 12 months old once a year in non officially free herds.Farms with less than 10 individuals over 12 months old: Blood sampling of all animals over 12months old twice a year in non officially free herds. For officially free herds blood sampling ofall animals over 12 months old once a year.
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Type of specimen taken
Other: Blood, Milk, Fetuses
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Blood samples are taken by venipuncture from the caudal vein. Blood is collected in tubes (4ml). Milk is collected in screw cup bottles (30 ml). Samples are stored at 240C, for one weekat the most for blood samples and 23 days for milk samples.
Case definition
As a positive case is defined a case when an animal reacts positively at Rose Bengal test andCFT test (> 20 ICFTU).
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
All materials, reagents and procedures used are based to the relevant EEC legislation (Dir 91/ 68/ EEC and 64/ 432/ EEC) and the OIE Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrialanimals (mammals, birds and bees) 5th ed, 2004.Bulk milk ELISA: Commercially available kits are used that fulfill the requirements of thereferences mentioned above. The procedures used are according to the manufacturersdirections.Rose Bengal test: 30 μl of serum and antigen are mixed on tiles to produce a zone of appr 2 cm.The mixture is rocked using a rotating shaker for 4 min and then observed for agglutination.Any degree of agglutination is considered positive. In each day test a positive and a negativecontrol is used. The Rose Bengal antigen is commercially purchased and is manufacturedaccording to the specifications given in the above mentioned references.Complement fixation test: Dilution of serum starts from ¼ until 1/ 256, sera are inactivated inwater bath in tubes and then transferred to 96 well U micro plates. Warm fixation follows. Allreagents are commercially purchased and each time the batch or the company changes titrationof the reagents takes place. In each day test controls of complement, antigen, blood as well aspositive and negative controls are used. Also, for each sample examined there isanticomplimentary control.Isolation: On Brucella medium incubating in 37oC with and without CO2. Confirmation on thespecies level: Dye of the colony with Gram and Stamp. Culture on Mc Conkey agar (lactosefermentation) and Blood agar (Haemolysis).
Vaccination policy
VACCINATION IS PROHIBITED
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
All movements of animals should be reported and registered on a central database and are allowedonly after a brucellosis negative serological examination.
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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The bovine brucellosis eradication program is based on a test and extended slaughter or killingof positive animals or positive herds, implemented in the areas of Cyprus which can becontrolled by the Government of Cyprus and in which respectively the Veterinary Servicesexercise their effective control. The target population of the program is all bovine animals over12 months old. The Veterinary Services, which belong to the Ministry of Agriculture,Environment and Natural Resources, is responsible for the application of the bovine brucellosiseradication program. The Director of the Veterinary Services is responsible for coordinating thewhole program. In 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 the EU has cofinanced the 50% of the program.All the measures taken are according to Directive 64/ 432 EEC.
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Application of brucellosis eradication program.
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
Once there is a confirmation of a positive case:a. The farm is placed under movement restrictions.b. The milk collecting Organizations are notified so as the milk originating from the infected farms tobe collected in separate milk tanks for pasteurization.c. Seropositive bovines are isolated from the other animals to be slaughtered in the designatedslaughterhouse. In case there is stamping out decision restocking is permitted after 6 months.d. Seropositive animals are valued before slaughter. Compensations at a level of 100% of theirreproductive value are paid to owners.e. Dogs and animals of other species which are known to be susceptible to brucellosis areserologically examined too.f. One month after the slaughter, all bovine animals over twelve months old are serologicallyreexamined.g. Serological reexamination of the confirmed positive herds is performed every month, and theseropositive bovines are culled.h. Farms' cleaning and disinfection is done under the supervision of the Veterinary Services, withdisinfectants being provided on a free basis by the Veterinary Services.i. The pasture after being collected and disinfected is buried in a place far away from theestablishments.
Notification system in place
Any case of abortion or other symptoms related to brucellosis are compulsory notifiable to VeterinaryServices of the Republic of Cyprus, according to the animal health laws N. 109 (I)/ 2001 and N. 82(I)/ 2003.
Results of the investigation
Link to tables
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
The progress of eradication program was very satisfactory, with both the prevalence and incidence ofbovine brucellosis in Cyprus reached zero levels by the end of 2007.
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Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
There were no human cases of brucellosis during 2007.
Additional information
As far as it concerns the declaration of officially free herds 254 out of 330 have been declaredofficially free. The rest are under the procedure of granting the status.
D. B. melitensis in animal Sheep and goats
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
At infected and suspected flocks sampling is targeted. Concerning the other flocks; sampling is part of a permanent monitoring scheme. Samples are collected at farm level, by the employees of the Veterinary Services.
Frequency of the sampling
Infected farms: Monthly blood sampling of all animals over 6 months. Cultures from milksamples from the seropositive animals in new outbreaks and fetuses (in any case of abortion).Non infected farms: Cultures from milk samples and fetuses from aborting animals. Bloodsampling of all animals over 6 months old twice a year in non officially free farms. Forofficially free farms blood sampling of all animals over 6 months old or of an appropriatepercentage of them once a year.
Type of specimen taken
Other: Blood, Milk, Fetuses
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Blood samples are taken by venipuncture from the jugular vein. Blood is collected in tubes (4ml). Milk is collected in screw cup bottles (30 ml). Samples are stored at 240C, for one weekat the most for blood samples and 23 days for milk samples.
Case definition
As a positive case is defined a case when an animal reacts positively at Rose Bengal test and / or CFT test (> 20 ICFTU).
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
All materials, reagents and procedures used are based to the relevant EEC legislation (Dir 91/ 68/ EEC and 64/ 432/ EEC) and the OIE Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrialanimals (mammals, birds and bees) 5th ed, 2004.Individual Screening Test: Rose Bengal test. 30 μl of serum and antigen are mixed on tiles toproduce a zone of appr 2 cm. The mixture is rocked using a rotating shaker for 4 min and then
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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observed for agglutination. Any degree of agglutination is considered positive. In each day testa positive and a negative control is used. The Rose Bengal antigen is commercially purchasedand is manufactured according to the specifications given in the above mentioned references.Individual Confirmation Test: Complement fixation test. Dilution of serum from ¼ until 1/ 256is used, sera are inactivated in water bath in tubes and then transferred to 96 well U microplates. Warm fixation follows. All reagents are commercially purchased and each time thebatch or the company changes titration of the reagents takes place. In each day test controls ofcomplement, antigen, blood as well as positive and negative controls are used. Also, for eachsample examined there is anticomplimentary control.Isolation: On Brucella medium incubating in 37 C with and without CO2. Confirmation on thespecies level: Dye of the colony with Gram and Stamp. Culture on Mc Conkey agar (lactosefermentation) and Blood agar (Haemolysis).
Vaccination policy
VACCINATION IS PROHIBITED
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
All movements of animals should be reported and registered on a central database and are allowedonly after a brucellosis negative serological examination.
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
The ovine and caprine brucellosis eradication program is based on a test and extended slaughteror killing of positive animals or positive flocks, implemented in the area controlled by theVeterinary Services of the Republic of Cyprus. The target population of the program is allanimals over 6 months old. The Department of Veterinary Services, which belongs to theMinistry of Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources, is responsible for the applicationof the ovine and caprine brucellosis eradication program. The Director of the VeterinaryServices is responsible for the coordination of the whole program. In 2004, 2005 and 2006 theEU has cofinanced the 50% of the program. All the measures taken are according to Directive91/ 68 EEC.
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Application of brucellosis eradication program.
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
Once there is a confirmation of a positive case:a. The farm is placed under movement restrictions.b. The milk collecting Organizations are notified so as the milk originating from the infected farms tobe collected in separate milk tanks for pasteurization.c. Seropositive sheep and goats are isolated from the other animals to be slaughtered in the designatedslaughterhouse. In case there is stamping out decision restocking is permitted after 6 months.d. Seropositive animals are valued before slaughter. Compensations at a level of 100% of theirreproductive value are paid to owners.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 88
e. Dogs and animals of other species which are known to be susceptible to brucellosis areserologically examined too.f. One month after the slaughter, all sheep and goats over six months old are serologicallyreexamined.g. Serological reexamination of the confirmed positive flocks is performed every month, and theseropositive animals are culled.h. Farms' cleaning and disinfection is done under the supervision of the Veterinary Services, withdisinfectants being provided on a free basis by the Veterinary Services.i. The pasture after being collected and disinfected is buried in a place far away from theestablishments.
Notification system in place
Any case of abortion or other symptoms related to brucellosis are compulsory notifiable to VeterinaryServices of the Republic of Cyprus, according to the animal health laws N. 109 (I)/ 2001 and N. 82(I)/ 2003.
Results of the investigation
Link to relevant tables
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
Both the prevalence and incidence of ovine and caprine brucellosis decreased further and remained atvery low levels in 2007.
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
There were no human cases of brucellosis during 2007.
Additional information
As far as it concerns the declaration of officially free herds 2,300 out of 3,439 have been declaredofficially free. The rest are under the procedure of granting the status.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 89
Table Bovine brucellosis data on herds Com
munity cofin
anced eradication programmes
Region
Total num
berTotal num
ber
of
Num
ber of
herds
Num
ber of
positive
Num
ber of
new
Num
ber of
herds
% positive
herds
Indicators
of herds
herds u
nder
the
programme
checked
herds
positive herds
depopulated
depopulated
% herd
coverage
% positive
herds period
herd prevalence
% new
positive
herds herd
incidence
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
353
330
289
0 0
0 0
87.576
0 0
Total
353
330
289
0 0
0 0
87.576
0 0
Total 1
349
356
312
1 0
0 0
87.64
0.321
0
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 90
Table Bovine brucellosis data on animals Com
munity cofin
anced eradication programmes
Region
Total num
ber
of animals
Num
ber of
animals to be
Num
ber of
animals
Num
ber of
animals
Num
ber of
positive
Slaughtering
Indicators
tested under
the programme
tested
tested
individually
animals
Num
ber of
animals w
ithpositive result
slaughtered or
culled
Total num
ber of
animals
slaughtered
% coverage at
animal level
% positive
animals animal
prevalence
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
57568
38950
31939
5755
0 0
1 82
0
Total
57568
38950
31939
5755
0 0
1 82
0
Total 1
58948
40053
39617
12653
2 2
12
98.911
0.005
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 91
Table Bovine brucellosis data on status of herds at the end of the period C
ommunity cofin
anced
eradication programmes
Region
Status of herds and animals u
nder the programme
Total num
ber of
herds and
Unknown
Not free or not officially free
Free or officially
free su
spended
Free
Officially free
animals u
nder the
programme
Last check positive Last check negative
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
330
38950
0 0
0 0
76
6969
0 0
0 0
254
31981
Total
330
38950
0 0
0 0
76
6969
0 0
0 0
254
31981
Total 1
326
40053
0 0
1 279
59
7140
1 76
0 0
265
32558
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 92
Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis data on herds Com
munity cofin
anced eradication programmes
Region
Total num
berTotal num
ber
of
Num
ber of
herds
Num
ber of
positive
Num
ber of
new
Num
ber of
herds
% positive
herds
Indicators
of herds
herds u
nder
the
programme
checked
herds
positive herds
depopulated
depopulated
% herd
coverage
% positive
herds period
herd prevalence
% new
positive
herds herd
incidence
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
3583
3439
2946
3 3
0 0
85.664
0.102
0.102
Total
3583
3439
2946
3 3
0 0
85.664
0.102
0.102
Total 1
3855
3722
3210
8 6
1 12.5
86.244
0.249
0.187
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 93
Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis data on animals Com
munity cofin
anced eradication
programmes
Region
Total num
ber
of animals
Num
ber of
animals to be
Num
ber of
animals
Num
ber of
animals
Num
ber of
positive
Slaughtering
Indicators
tested under
the programme
tested
tested
individually
animals
Num
ber of
animals w
ithpositive result
slaughtered or
culled
Total num
ber of
animals
slaughtered
% coverage at
animal level
% positive
animals animal
prevalence
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
620106
570829
243700
243700
3 3
30
42.692
0.001
Total
620106
570829
243700
243700
3 3
30
42.692
0.001
Total 1
627249
584266
326343
326343
77
77
755
55.855
0.024
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 94
Table Ovine or Caprine brucellosis data on status of herds at the end of the period C
ommunity
cofinanced eradication programmes
Region
Status of herds and animals u
nder the programme
Total num
ber of
herds and
Unknown
Not free or not officially free
Free or officially
free su
spended
Free
Officially free
animals u
nder the
programme
Last check positive Last check negative
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Lefkosia
Lemesos
Larnaca
Paphos
Ammochostos
KYPR
OS / KIBRIS
3439
570829
0 0
0 0
1134
204817
5 1073
0 0
2300
364939
Total
3439
570829
0 0
0 0
1134
204817
5 1073
0 0
2300
364939
Total 1
3722
584266
0 0
2 262
1457
253056
5 516
0 0
2258
330432
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 95
2.7. YERSINIOSIS
2.7.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Yersinia enterocolitica general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 96
2.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans
A. Yersinosis in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES SINCE JANUARY 2005
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED LABORATORY CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE(PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND THEIR AMENDMENTS.NOTIFIABLE SINCE JANUARY 2005
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NOT APPLICABLE
Results of the investigation
NOT APPLICABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NOT APPLICABLE
Relevance as zoonotic disease
AS IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN DECLARED AS MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE DISEASETHEREFORE NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE FOR 2004. WE CONSIDER IT A RELEVANT AS ZOONOTIC DISEASE.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 97
Table Yersinia in hum
ans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.Autochthon cases
Autochthon Inc.
Imported cases
Imported In
c.
Yersinia
00
00
00
Y. enterocolitica
Y. enterocolitica
O:3
Y. enterocolitica
O:9
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 98
Table Yersinia in hum
ans Age distribution
Y. enterocolitica
Yersinia spp.
Age Distribution
All
MF
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0 0
0 0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 99
Table Yersinia in hum
ans Seasonal distribution
Y. enterocolitica
Yersinia spp.
Month
Cases
Cases
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem
ber
October
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
not known
Total :
0 0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 100
2.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs
2.7.4. Yersinia in animals
A. Yersinia enterocolitica in pigs
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Case definition
Animals at farm
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Animals at slaughter (herd based approach)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Vaccination policy
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 101
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Notification system in place
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Results of the investigation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals to findings in foodstuffs and to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 102
2.8. TRICHINELLOSIS
2.8.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans
Table Trichinella in hum
ans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.Autochthon cases
Autochthon Inc.
Imported cases
Imported In
c.
Trichinella
00
00
00
Trichinella sp
p.
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 103
Table Trichinella in hum
ans Age distribution
Trichinella sp
p.
Age Distribution
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 104
2.8.3. Trichinella in animals
Table Trichinella in animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Trichinella sp
p.
T. spiralis
Trichinella sp
p., unspecified
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 105
2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS
2.9.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Echinococcus spp. general evaluation
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
During 2007 the control of Echinococcosis/ Hydatidosis scheme has continued. Within this scheme,25 dogs, were preventively treated with Pranziquantel.111060 ovines, 171300 caprines, 11687 bovines and 572456 swines had been slaughtered in 2007 ofwhich 5 ovines, 1 caprine and bovine have been found to be infected with E. granulosus cysts.
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
During 2007, 10637 Pranziquantel baits were spread covering the buffer zone and other areas, wheremovement of stray dogs was reported.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 106
2.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans
A. Echinococcus spp. in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED LABORATORY CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE(PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND AMENDMENTS. IT IS ANOTIFIABLE DISEASE.
Relevance as zoonotic disease
SPORADIC CASES OF ECHINOCOCCUS ARE REPORTED YEARLY. SURVEILLANCE OFHUMAN CASES IS CONSIDERED IMPORTANT TO EVALUTE THE PREVENTIVEPROGRAMS IN ANIMALS
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 107
Table Echinococcus in humans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.Autochthon cases
Autochthon Inc.
Imported cases
Imported In
c.
Echinococcus
00
00
00
E. granulosus
E. multilocularis
Echinococcus sp
p.
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 108
Table Echinococcus in humans Age distribution
E. granulosus
E. m
ultilocularis
Echinococcus spp.
Age Distribution
All
MF
All
MF
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 109
2.9.3. Echinococcus in animals
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 110
2.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS
2.10.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Toxoplasmosis general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 111
2.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans
A. Toxoplasmosis in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES, SINCE JANUARY 2005 FOLLOWING AMENDMENT OF THE LEGISLATION
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED LABORATORY CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE (PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND THEIR AMENDMENTS.NOTIFIABLE SINCE JANUARY 2005
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NOT APPLICABLE
Results of the investigation
NOT APPLICABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NOT APPLICABLE
Relevance as zoonotic disease
NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE AS IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN INCLUDED IN THE LIST OFMANDATORY NOTIFIABLE DISEASES. WE CONSIDER THE DISEASE AS RELEVANT INVIEW OF CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 112
Table Toxoplasm
a in hum
ans Species/ serotype distribution
Cases
Cases In
c.
Toxoplasm
a0
0
Toxoplasma spp.
Congenital cases
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 113
Table Toxoplasm
a in hum
ans Age distribution
Toxoplasm
a spp.
Age Distribution
All
MF
<1 year
1 to 4 years
5 to 14 years
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and older
Age unknown
Total :
0 0
0
Footnote
The information concerning the human aspect w
ill be furnished by the colleages of the M
inistry of Η
ealth through the EC
DC database.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 114
2.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 115
2.11. RABIES
2.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Rabies general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
Cyprus is free from Rabies
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
Cyprus is free from Rabies
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
Concerning the animals' entry into Cyprus either on a non commercial movement or on a commercialmovement it is required that are duly vaccinated against Rabies. The time period prior in which the vaccination should have taken place depends on the country oforigin as provided by the EU Regulation 998/ 2003/ EK and the related EU Decisions.Animals originating from EU countries and third countries which are considered of equal to the EUmember states Rabies status (mentioned in Part B, section 2 and Part C of Annex II of Regulation998/ 2003/ EK) are required to be vaccinated/ revaccinated against Rabies at least 30 days priordepartrure for Cyprus. Animals originating from third countries not mentioned in Part B,section 2 and Part C of Annex II arerequired to have a titer result of at least 0.5 IU/ ml of Rabies Neutralising Antibodies (RNA) prior theanimal departs for Cyprus. The blood sampling should have taken place 30 days after Rabies vaccination/ revaccination has takenplace but not less than 90 days prior departure for Cyprus.Animals originating from Cyrpus and the other EU countries, taken on a trip to one of the thirdcountries not mentioned in Part B, section 2 and Part C of Annex II of Regulation 998/ 2003/ EK, andwhich will return to Cyprus are required to have a positive RNA blood titration test result priorleaving either Cyprus or the EU member for the trip to the third country.Animals originating from Cyprus traveling to an EU country should be duly vaccinated orrevaccinated against Rabies in order to reenter Cyprus.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 116
2.11.2. Rabies in humans
A. Rabies in humans
Reporting system in place for the human cases
YES.
Case definition
EU RECOMMENDED CASE DEFINITION SINCE JANUARY 2004
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
EU RECOMMENDED MICOBIOLOGY LABORATORY CRITERIA
Notification system in place
QUARANTINE(PUBLIC HEALTH) LAW AND REGULATIONS AND AMENDMENTS.MANDATORY NOTIFIABLE DISEASE AND CASE DEFINITIONS INTRODUCED SINCEJANUARY 2004
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO CASES OF RABIES HAVE BEEN REPORTED OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS AND CYPRUSIS A RABIES FREE COUNTRY
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 117
2.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals
A. Rabies in dogs
Monitoring system
Sampling strategy
Cyprus is free from Rabies. Concerning the animals' entry into Cyprus either on a non commercial movement or on acommercial movement it is required that are duly vaccinated against Rabies. The time period prior in which the vaccination should have taken place depends on the countryof origin as provided by the EU Regulation 998/ 2003/ EK and the related EU Decisions.Animals originating from EU countries and third countries which are considered of equal to theEU member states Rabies status (mentioned in Part B, section 2 and Part C of Annex II ofRegulation 998/ 2003/ EK) are required to be vaccinated/ revaccinated against Rabies at least30 days prior departrure for Cyprus. Animals originating from third countries not mentioned in Part B,section 2 and Part C of AnnexII are required to have a titer result of at least 0.5 IU/ ml of Rabies Neutralising Antibodies(RNA) prior the animal departs for Cyprus. The blood sampling should have taken place 30 days after Rabies vaccination/ revaccinationhas taken place but not less than 90 days prior departure for Cyprus.Animals originating from Cyrpus and the other EU countries, taken on a trip to one of the thirdcountries not mentioned in Part B, section 2 and Part C of Annex II of Regulation 998/ 2003/ EK, and which will return to Cyprus are required to have a positive RNA blood titration testresult prior leaving either Cyprus or the EU member for the trip to the third country.Animals originating from Cyprus traveling to an EU country should be duly vaccinated orrevaccinated against Rabies in order to reenter Cyprus.
Frequency of the sampling
Blood Sampling is done for dogs which are to travel to a third country not mentioned in PartB,section 2 and Part C of Annex II of Regulation 998/ 2003/ EK and which will enter/ returnback to Cyprus.
Type of specimen taken
Blood
Methods of sampling (description of sampling techniques)
Blood is sampled and the blood sampling should have taken place 30 days after Rabiesvaccination/ revaccination has taken place but not less than 90 days prior departure forCyprus.The blood sample should be sent to one of the EU recognised laboratories forevaluating the Rabies Neutralising Antibodies titer.
Case definition
As Rabies case is considered an animal which shows symptoms attributed to Rabies virus andfrom whose the CNS Negri virus particles are detected histopathologically.
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 118
Diagnostic/ analytical methods used
Other: Hellers stain
Vaccination policy
Rabies vaccination is voluntary as Cyprus is free from Rabies.In case the animal is to travel abroad and in order for it to reenter free, the relevant Rabies vaccinationand/ or antibodies titration should take place within the required time frame, as provided by theprovisions in force (www.moa.gov.cy/ vs Useful Information link).
Other preventive measures than vaccination in place
Quarantine
Control program/ mechanisms
The control program/ strategies in place
The relevant chekcs are performed by both the Customs Department and the VeterinaryServices upon the animals arrival at the Republic of Cyprus' official points of entry.
Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases
The suspect animal is euthanised and confiscated for further examination by the Veterinary Services.Any possible human or animal contact with the suspect animal is traced back and appropriatelytreated in case of humans. As far as animals is concerned they are confiscated and isolated so as tosafeguard the proper handling in case of new positive cases.
Notification system in place
Mandatory Notifiable
Results of the investigation
Investigations of the human contacts with positive cases
Any human contacts in case of a rabies incidence are traced and appropriately checked by thePublic Health Services of the Ministry of Health.
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
Cyprus is free from Rabies
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 119
2.12. QFEVER
2.12.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 120
3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 121
3.1. ENTEROCOCCUS, NONPATHOGENIC
3.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 122
3.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, nonpathogenic isolates
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 123
3.2. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC
3.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation
A. Escherichia coli general evaluation
History of the disease and/ or infection in the country
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the findings in animals, feedingstuffs and foodstuffs to human cases (as asource of infection)
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the Community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 124
3.2.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 125
4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 126
4.1. HISTAMINE
4.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation
4.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Cyprus 2007 127
4.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII
4.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation
4.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs
Cyprus 2007 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
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4.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS
4.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation
4.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs
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5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS
Foodborne outbreaks are incidences of two or more human cases of the same disease or infection where thecases are linked or are probably linked to the same food source. Situation, in which the observed human casesexceed the expected number of cases and where a same food source is suspected, is also indicative of afoodborne outbreak.
A. Foodborne outbreaks
System in place for identification, epidemological investigations and reporting offoodborne outbreaks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Description of the types of outbreaks covered by the reporting:
NO DATA AVAILABLE
National evaluation of the reported outbreaks in the country:
Trends in numbers of outbreaks and numbers of human cases involved
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the different causative agents, food categories and the agent/ foodcategory combinations
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Relevance of the different type of places of food production and preparation inoutbreaks
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Evaluation of the severity and clinical picture of the human cases
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Descriptions of single outbreaks of special interest
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Control measures or other actions taken to improve the situation
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Suggestions to the community for the actions to be taken
NO DATA AVAILABLE
Additional information
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NO DATA AVAILABLE
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Foodborne Outbreaks: summarized data
0 0 0Bacillus
0 0 0Campylobacter
0 0 0Clostridium
0 0 0Escherichia coli, pathogenic
0 0 0Foodborne viruses
0 0 0Listeria
0 0 0Other agents
0 0 0Parasites
0 0 0Salmonella
0 0 0Staphylococcus
0 0 0Unknown
0 0 0Yersinia
Total number ofoutbreaks
Number of possibleoutbreaks
Number of verifiedoutbreaks
Cyprus 2007
