Utilization of Zero-Valent Iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for in-situ
groundwater remediation
Ing. Jan Slunský, NANO IRON, s.r.o.
Czech Nano ShowcaseOctober 6-10, 2014; USA West Coast
Presentation outline
• Introduction
– Company
– Application (groundwater remediation)
– Product (zero-valent iron nanoparticles)
• Application experience
• NANOREM project
• Conclusions
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NANO IRON company profile
• NANO IRON, s.r.o. established in 2008
• Zero-Valent Iron nanoparticles (nZVI) industrial production in large quantities
• Worldwide distribution
• Technical support
• Technology development
• Scientific research
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University
ProductionRemediation
Laboratory dispersing unit
Groundwater Remediation
Permeable Barrier (PRB)
In-situ groundwater remediation
Pump-and-treat
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In-Situ Chemical Reduction (http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/groundwaterremediation.html)
Zero-Valent Iron
• Zero-Valent Iron, ZVI, Fe(0), elemental iron
• Environmentally friendly– ZVI reduction properties are used in groundwater
remediation: PRB – microFe – nanoFe
• Particle size– Migration properties
– Easy injection = in-situ application directly into the well
– Surface area = reactivity and removal efficiency of contaminants
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Product characteristics
• Average particle size: 50nm
• Narrow particle size distribution: 20-100nm
• Average surface area: 20-25m2/g
BET adsorption-desorption isotherms XRD pattern Mössbauer spectrum
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nZVI APPLICATIONmatter of time
15-60 days
1 day
SLURRY MANUFACTURING SHIPPING STORAGE DILUTION INJECTION
Conventional delivery and application process of nZVI
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SLURRY MANUFACTURING
POWDER SHIPPING STORAGE DILUTION INJECTION
Innovative application process of nZVI
nZVI REMEDIATION EXAMPLE
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KARA TRUTNOV
• Fur processing site
• Contamination: Chlorinated ethenes (PCE, TCE, DCE, VC) and chromium (Cr6+)
• Previous treatment: pump&treat, venting, vapor deposition, ISCO
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KARA TRUTNOVlaboratory study
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
c [
µg
/L]
time [days]
ME-24: PCE
SOIL + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + LACTATE + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + 1 g/L nZVI
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
c [
mg
/L]
time [days]
ME-24: Cr6+
SOIL + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + LACTATE + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + 1 g/L nZVI
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KARA TRUTNOVpilot injection
NANOFER 25S
• 200kg
• 2 injection wells
Chemical composition of ground water - well ME-24 parameter unit September 8th September 20th October 22nd October 31st
pH - 6,94 8,58 7,98 7,87
Total chromium (Cr tot.) mg/L 42,5 <0,001 0,874 <0,001
Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)
mg/L 42,2 <0,005 0,873 <0,005
Vinylchloride (VC) μg/L 278 70,4 <4 <4trans-1,2-Dichlorethene (t-DCE)
μg/L 14,1 1,9 <1 <1
1,1-Dichlorethene (DCE) μg/L 4,4 <1 <1 <1cis-1,2-Dichlorethene (c-DCE)
μg/L 2340 1060 3,1 18,9
Trichlorethene (TCE) μg/L 642 92,4 1,64 <0,50Tetrachlorethene (PCE) μg/L 903 62,6 3,77 <0,50sum of CHC including VC μg/L 4182 1287 8,5 18,9
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injection
OTHER SITES and STUDIES
• Pilot injection (CHC) in CZ, SK, FR, NL, B, DK, USA
• Pilot injection (metals) in Portugal
• Pilot injection (pesticides) in CZ
• Fullscale remediation in CZ
• Laboratory study (TNT) in Portugal
• Mine tailings remediation (CAN, CZ)
• Wastewater treatment (selenium, arsenic, chromium, …)
• More than 20 tons of NANOFER 25S applied on various sites around Europe.
• Others: 350 free-samples of NANOFER products shipped wordwide in past years, 75 to USA and Canada, mainly to universities, research institutes and remediation companies.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2,4-Dinitrotoluen 2,6-Dinitrotoluen 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluen
[ug/
l]
blank 0,125 g/L 1 g/L
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NANOREM (EU FP7 Project)
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Nanotechnology solutions for in-situ soil and groundwater remediation NMP.2012.1.2-1
Project No: 309517
CONCLUSION
CHALLENGES in R&D• Product development
– Air stable nZVI
– nZVI based nanocomposites (Fe3C-C having 80m2/g)
– Combined methods (lactates, vegetable oil, …)
– Ferrates (oxidation technology)
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BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES• Groundwater remediation contractors and consultants
– Implementation of nZVI technology
• New segments in future (wastewater treatment)
Acknowledgement
Palacký University Olomouc – Prof. Radek Zbořil at al.
EKORA – Mgr. Ondřej Stískal at al.
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LAC, Ltd. – production of industrial technologies.Technical background for technology development.
Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment. This project has received funding from the European Union Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 309517
Thank you for your attention
Contact:
Ing. Jan Slunský
www.nanoiron.cz
2011 2009 2013