DEALING WITH "SUPPLY CHAINS":THE CASE STUDY:

SUPPLY CHAINS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RECYCLED

ASPHALT PAVEMENT FOR ROADS AND STREETS IN IASI

COUNTY OF ROMANIA

Radu AndreiGheorghe LucaciAlina - Mihaela NicuțăMihaela Condurat

The object of the case study

One building product:

New asphalt pavement obtained by two alternative recycling technologies applied on existing deteriorated pavements for roads and streets

The stakeholders involved

The scope of the case study

The scope of the case study

Asphalt Plant

The raw materials usedSupplier

The manufacture location

Asphalt plants are located in the county of Iasi

The environmental, social and economic impacts of the product

•The environmental impacts of transportation are likely to be minimal, since the large part of transports will happen within county of Iasi.

•However, the specific distance traffic road transport might play a larger role, thus increasing the GHG emissions.

•In order to assess the impact of these products has been taken into consideration the whole processing chain from cradle (resource extraction) to fabrication and layering the mix on the road site or on the street.

The supply chain of recycled asphalt pavement

Crushed aggregates Bitumen

binder

Lime or limestone filerAdhesives or modifiers

Asphalt plant

Placing and compacting the processed asphalt materials

Milling the surface layers

Waste asphalt

Processing asphalt materials

Case study – objectives

• The objective of this case study was to compare two technologies alternative from the CO2e emissions point of view.

• The study has been conducted by using the TRL asPECT software on a road sector of one kilometer length, in both perspectives of “cradle to site” and “cradle to grave”.

Alternative 1: Complete new pavement – traditional roadAlternative 2: Recycled pavement – the existing pavement layer are

replaced with recycled asphalt pavement

Case study - the stages of the production chain

Case study – perspective “Cradle to site”

Alternative 1/ Complete new pavementThe environmental impact assessment expressed in kg of CO2e per tone of asphalt mix

cm

LayerLayer

thicknessQuantity of mixture (t)

CO2e kg/tCO2e kg/km

road (7000 m2)BA 16 4 cm 644 t 194,8 125.437,7

BAD 25 6 cm 1008 t 214,8 216.517,5AB 2 15 cm 2520 t 213,3 537.440,1

TOTAL 25 cm 4172 t 207,6 879.395,3

Case study – perspective “ Cradle to site”

Alternative 2 / Recycled pavement Rehabilitation of an existing road, having the same pavement structure as that of the alternative one, but where all the existing asphalt layers: BA 16, BAD 25 & AB 2 are realized with plant recycled mix.

cm

LayerLayer

thicknessQuantity of mixture (t)

CO2e kg/tCO2e kg/km

road (7000 m2)BAr 16 4 cm 644 t 143,8 92.592,2

BADr 25 6 cm 1008 t 132,8 133.836,8ABr 2 15 cm 2520 t 124,2 313.096,8

TOTAL 25 cm 4172 t 133,6 539.525,8

Case study – perspective “Cradle to site”

Life Cycle Stages Summary ResultsTotal construction tonnage

Steps categorization

Complete new asphalt pavement

Recycled asphalt pavement

Total kg CO2e Total kg CO2e

Material extraction and processing

149.987,36 127.903,51

Transport to plant 513.843,54 242.998,67

Asphalt production 116.194,27 69.253,48

Transport to site 99.370,11 99.370,11

Laying and Compacting 16.688,0 16.688,0

Total 896.093,29 556.213,78

Final comparative results

Case study – perspective “Cradle to grave”

Life Cycle Phase Total CO2eMaterial extraction and processing 27.235,64Transport to plant 26.353,70Asphalt production 16.754,62Transport to site 6.049,79Laying and Compacting 2.576,00Project works 0,00Maintenance 108.500,00End of life 41.037,57

Perspective Cradle to graveTotal kg CO2e 228.507,32

Tonnage 1164,00kg CO2e/tonne 196,31

Alternative 1/ Complete new pavementThe environmental impact assessment expressed in kg of CO2e per tone of asphalt mix

Case study – perspective “Cradle to grave”

Life Cycle Phase Total kg CO2eMaterial extraction and processing 27.453,25Transport to plant 12.487,47Asphalt production 15.799,78Transport to site 6.049,79Laying and Compacting 2.576,00Project works 0,00Maintenance 86.000,00End of life 13.317,51

Perspective Cradle to graveTotal kg CO2e 167.210,93

Tonnage 1164,00kg CO2e/tonne 143,65

Alternative 2 / Recycled pavement

Case study – perspective “Cradle to grave”

Final comparative results

Life Cycle PhaseComplete new

pavementRecycled asphalt

pavementTotal kg CO2e Total kg CO2e

Material extraction and processing

27.235,64 27.453,25

Transport to plant 26.353,70 12.487,47Asphalt production 16.754,62 15.799,78Transport to site 6.049,79 6.049,79Laying and Compacting

2.576,00 2.576,00

Project works 0,00 0,00Maintenance 108.500,00 86.000,00End of life 41.037,57 13.317,51Perspective Cradle to grave Cradle to graveTotal kg CO2e 228.507,32 167.210,93Tonnage 1164,00 1164,00kg CO2e/tonne 196,31 143,65

Case study – comparative analysis

Life Cycle Stage Summary of the environmental impact assessment expressed in kg CO2e/t for the investigated pavements emissions alternatives

Complete new asphalt pavement

Recycled asphalt pavement

kg CO2e/tTotal kg

CO2eCO2e kg/t

Total CO2e

kg

PerspectiveCradle to site

Cradle to grave

Cradle to site

Cradle to grave

Total kg CO2e

78.968,75

228.507,3264.366,2

9167.210,93

Tonnage 644,00 1164,00 644,00 1164,00kg CO2e/tonne 122,62 196,31 99,95 143,65

Case study - conclusions:

• Analysis was conducted from both the ”cradle to site” and ”cradle to grave” perspectives on one kilometer pavement length

• Very positive social and economic impacts

• Leads to significant reduction (up to 50%) of CO2e emissions

• In case of using cold or warm recycled mixes, the expected quantities of CO2e will be less.

The degree of development of the supply chain and the availability, within the region,

of manufacturers and distributors

• The supply chain provides an example of good practice for the performance sustainability of existing roads.

• There are several companies which deals specifically with pavement recycling in the county of Iasi, namely SC VIAROM SA society.

• There are several manufacturers and distributors of materials for recycled pavements, such as the asphalt plant, located in the county of Iasi and the filer and aggregates factories from the county of Neamt.

Supply chain monitoring, tracing and performance

• The supply chain is monitored by the recycling companies for roads, by the Regional Road Department of Iasi and by the City Hall of county Iasi for streets.

• The supply chain is successfully because the close cooperation between road and street administration, industry and research. Also, the demand pressure from road users who are expecting to use better roads is an important factor.

Barriers to be overcome and feasible solutions for further development of the

supply chain

• The competition with larger businesses producing technologies, which are already developed and accepted on the market, and a limited knowledge of the new products among the stakeholders, could represent significant obstacles for both companies.

• For the further development of the supply chain of recycled pavements it is envisaged the extension of this chain for covering the entire network.

Lessons from this case study

This case demonstrates how close cooperation between roads, industry and research centres can develop performant streets and road pavements by using sustainable technologies (recycled materials instead of existing and energy intensive technologies). It also demonstrates the actual potential for regional development.

References•Centre For Research On Modern Materials Technologies And Transportation Infrastructures «Dimitrie Atanasiu», 2005, lang=ro, available at http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~ccgfimit/, accessed at 20.05.2014•STRABAG: European – based technology group for construction services, 2014, lang=eng, available at •http://www.strabag.com , accessed at 20.05.2014•SC VIACOM S.A IASI, 2014, lang=ro, available at http://www.viarom.ro, accessed at 20.05.2014•ROMPETROL VEGA PLOIESTI, 2014, lang= ro, available at http://www.rompetrol.com/ro/rompetrol-vega, accessed at 20.05.2014 •CARPACEMENT HOLDING SA BICAZ, Heidelberg Cement, 2014, lang=ro, available at http://www.heidelbergcement.ro/carpatcement-holding.html, accessed at 20.05.2014 •CARPAT AGREGATE SA, Heidelberg Cement, 2014, lang=ro, available at http://www.heidelbergcement.ro/carpat-agregate.html, accessed 20.05.2014 •ITERCHIMICA SRL ROMA ITALY, 2014, lang=eng, available at http://www.iterchimica.it, accessed at 20.05.2014•E.ON. MOLDOVA, 2014, lang=ro, available at http://www.eon-energie.ro/ro/, accessed at 20.05.2014•Romania pe harta, Harta judetului Iasi, 2014, lang=ro, available at www.pe-harta.ro/iasi, accessed at 21.05.2014 •Transport Research Laboratory, Asphalt Pavement Embodied Carbon Tool, 2014, lang=eng, available at http://www.trl.co.uk, accessed at 22.05.2014•Cordell B., Wayman M., 2009, AsPECT calculator user guide – beta release Part of the Asphalt Pavement Embodied Carbon Tool (asPECT)