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D1.1 Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
I.All matter is made of atoms.a. Hydrogen is most abundant in universeb. Oxygen is most abundant in Earth’s crust
Oxygen
II. Each element is made of a different atom. a. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
1. nucleus: center of the atom; made up of protons and neutrons
2. electron: orbit the nucleus
b.atomic # = protons
c.atomic mass = protons + neutrons
Page?
Pages R58-9
Go S.T.E.M.!
Formula:
# of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #
*Always round atomic mass to the whole number
Ex.) How many neutrons in a carbon atom? # of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #
Ex.) How many neutrons in a carbon atom?
# of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #
= 12 - 6 = 6 neutrons
*Always round atomic mass to the whole number
How many neutrons in a nitrogen atom?
How many neutrons in an einsteinium atom?
Calculate the number of neutrons in an iron atom.
Round atomic mass to the whole number.
The number of electrons in an atom is
equal to the number of protons.
# of protons = # of electrons
# p = # e
Calculate the number of neutrons in an oxygen atom.
Sketch in your notebook the structure of this atom.
Calculate the number of neutrons in an oxygen atom.
Sketch in your notebook the structure of this atom.
Calculate the number of neutrons in an oxygen atom.
Sketch in your notebook the structure of this atom.
In your notebook, calculate the number neutrons, for the following elements.
1.Copper (Cu)2.Arsenic (As)3.Selenium (Se)4.Mercury (Hg)5.Plutonium (Pu)
In your notebook, calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and elements, for the following elements.
1.Copper (Cu)2.Arsenic (As)3.Selenium (Se)4.Mercury (Hg)5.Plutonium (Pu)6.Barium (Ba)7.Xenon (Xe)8.Krypton (Kr)9.Potassium (K)10.Americium (Am)
In your notebook, calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and elements, for the following elements.
1.Copper (Cu) p=29, n=64-29=35 , e=292.Arsenic (As) p=33, n=75-33=42 , e=333.Selenium (Se) p=34, n=79-34=45 , e=344.Mercury (Hg) p=80, n=201-80=121 , e=805.Plutonium (Pu) p=94, n=244-94=150 , e=946.Barium (Ba) p=56, n=137-56=81 , e=567.Xenon (Xe) p=54, n=131-54=77 , e=548.Krypton (Kr) p=36, n=84-36=48 , e=369.Potassium (K) p=19, n=39-19=20 , e=1910.Americium (Am) p=95, n=243-95=148 , e=95
DO NOW: In your notebook,
1.Calculate the number of neutrons in the element Tellurium (Te). Put a box around the formula.
2.Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom. -Magnesium (Mg)
-Aluminum (Al)
QUIZ: On a piece of paper:
1.Calculate the number of neutrons in the element Silver (Ag). Put a box around the formula.
2.Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom. -Helium (He)
-Beryllium (Be)-Fluorine (F)-Sodium (Na)
QUIZ: On a piece of paper:
1.Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom.
-Fluorine (F)-Sodium (Na)
How to draw an atom:
1.Make a list of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
2.Draw circles: label the protons with +label the neutrons with N
3.Draw a circle, surrounding the nucleus (p+n).
4.Draw circles: label the electrons with - 5.Check your calculations, count your drawn particles, to make sure you have done this correctly.
Practice Drawing Atoms:
Draw these atoms, in your notebook.1.Lithium2.Boron3.Carbon4.Nitrogen5.Oxygen6.Hydrogen
Drawing Atoms
parts 214:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZO6W-DEVLk
Molecule basics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlSOESXQI7o
quarks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMgi2j9Ks9k
Electron on photon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofp-OHIq6Wo&feature=endscreen&NR=1
DO NOW: In your notebook,
Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom.
Carbon (C)Helium (He)
Why study atoms?Bonds examples, reactions. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdCFPs
Intro bonds ted vid https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NgD9yHSJ29I
Chem reactions : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fr6QGmefVBI
Song Types bonds https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QIfTT-_-xLo
Why study atoms?Bonds examples, reactions. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdCFPs
Intro bonds ted vid https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NgD9yHSJ29I
Chem reactions : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fr6QGmefVBI
Song Types bonds https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QIfTT-_-xLo
“Happy” atoms rule:
An atom is least reactive when the outer orbital shell is full.
Electron configurations:
In the electron cloud, there are 4 orbitals on which electrons travel.
a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct
energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?1. Boron (B)
Practice:
a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct
energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?2. Fluorine (F)
Practice:
a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct
energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?3. Chlorine (Cl)
Practice:
a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct
energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?4. Calcium (Ca)5. Germanium (Ge)
Practice:
a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct
energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?1. Titanium (Ti)
Practice:
a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct
energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?
1. Lithium (Li)2. Neon (Ne)3. Potassium (K)
Name: Date:
Pop Quiz
atomic compound: 2 or more atoms bonded together
Compounds with the same type of atom (element)
Compounds with different types of atoms (elements)
chemical formula: an expression that shows
1.the # of different types of atoms in a compound2.the ratio of different atoms
chemical formula:
Videos: 1.25: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRR-4BLzNus
Ted atom size vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I
ratio: the number of one object in relation to the number of another object
Examples: 10 apples per 1 bag
1 calculator per 3 students
2 hydrogen per 1 oxygen
ratio: the number of one object in relation to the number of another object
Examples: 2 hydrogen per 1 oxygen
ratio: the number of one object in relation to to the number of another object
Examples: 2 hydrogen per 1 oxygen
Modeling Atomic Compounds
Procedure: 1. Gather materials.2. Read the board to find out which compound you are to build.
2.Read the board to find out which color = which element.
2.Build a model of the compound, using toothpicks to connect the atoms.
Modeling Atomic Compounds#1
C O 2
Modeling Atomic Compounds#1
C1O 2
# of carbon atoms = 1 WHITE
# of oxygen atoms = 2 RED
Modeling Atomic Compounds#2
H2O
Modeling Atomic Compounds#2
H2O
# of hydrogen atoms = 1 BROWN TOOTSIE ROLL
# of oxygen atoms = 1 WHITEMARSHMALLOW
Modeling Atomic Compounds#3
Na Cl
Modeling Atomic Compounds#3
Na Cl
# of sodium atoms = 1 CANDY CORN
TRIANGLE
# of chlorine atoms = 1 BROWNTOOTSIE ROLL
Modeling Atomic Compounds#4
H2SO4
Modeling Atomic Compounds#4
H2SO4
# of hydrogen atoms = 2 CANDY CORN
# of sulfur atoms = 1 WHITE MARSHMALLOW
# of oxygen atoms = 4 RED TWIZZLER
Modeling Atomic Compounds#5
C6H12O6
Modeling Atomic Compounds#5
C6H12O6
# of carbon atoms = 6 WHITE
# of hydrogen atoms = 12 RED
# of oxygen atoms = 6 BROWN
Modeling Atomic Compounds#6
O2
Use 2 gummy bears of different colors. This compound is made up of 2 oxygen isotopes.
Modeling Atomic Compounds#7
C H3
# of carbon atoms =
Hydrogen atoms are isotopes.
Use gummy bears.
Modeling Atomic Compounds#7
C H3
# of carbon atoms = 1
Hydrogen atoms are isotopes.
Use gummy bears.
Modeling Atomic CompoundsPHOTOSYNTHESIS!
Modeling Atomic Compounds#7
C H3
# of carbon atoms = 1
Hydrogen atoms are isotopes.
Use gummy bears.
Modeling Atomic Compounds#8
6 H20
# of hydrogen atoms =# of oxygen atoms =
Modeling Atomic Compounds#8
6 H20
# of hydrogen atoms =12 RED# of oxygen atoms = 6BROWN
TOOTSIE ROLLSNo isotopes.
D1.1 (1-5), Restate the Qs
1. The two atoms most common in Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon.
The two atoms most common in the human body are oxygen and carbon.
D1.1 (1-5), Restate the Qs
2. The particles that make up an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
D1.1 (1-5), Restate the Qs
3. When an atom forms an ion,
it gains or loses an electron.
D1.1 (1-5), Restate the Qs
4. The size of a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge can be compared with that of a sodium ion with a single + charge.
A 2+ charge means the atom has lost 2 electrons.
A single + charge means the atom has lost 1 electron. A 2+ atom (ion) is smaller than a (1)+ atom (ion).
D1.1 (1-5), Restate the Qs
5. Potassium-39 differs from potassium-41 because they have a different number of neutrons.
Potassium-41 has two more neutrons than Potassium-39.
How big is an atom?
Tell us, Bill Nye!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZ6-dpxLqUk
On a separate sheet of paper, write 10 facts and 1 question.
Other videosSci show:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thnDxFdkzZsAurora sci showparticle accelerator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFNhuQPVwXk
bill nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnXV7Ph3WPk&list=PL2mVBA_uqiUcn0P5U_NQHWOuY-JANQM5Qchanel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bw5TE5o7JtE&list=PLPUFU9ubs44g79qQ6bjTPbicCDTfv6IEI
D1.2 Elements make up the periodic table.
Different types of atoms are organized onto a chart.
This chart is called the Periodic Table of Elements.
Science + Music = Awesome
Asap 4.2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I7l8TgtuLQ
Faster3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDiWtFtEM&list=RDzUDDiWtFtEM
Elements can be organized by similarities
The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number
row = “period”
similar chemical properties
The periodic table has distinct regions.
Most elements are metals.
Nonmetals and metalloids have a wide range of properties.
Choose 3 colors.Make a key, of what each color stands for. Color the periodic table into 3 sections (as in this image):
D1.3 The periodic table is a map of the elements.
group: vertical column
period: horizontal row
Videos
Sci Show: creation11http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRVV4Diomg
Periodic table parts: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MMWpeJ5dn4
Video 4.5min Chemical reactions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQap3cRnP28
+reverse: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5tOEBmBAHganother: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-g_0wyhV9Ereactions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkBhW8Kj3r8w/ heat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ritaljhhk7s Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smkVzfZmDIU
23: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlwuxpMh8nk
Alka Seltzer Chemical reactionWhy fizz? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKpMTz06qrU
atomic compound: two or more atoms bonded together
3 States of Matter?
States of matter .....change of phase
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAPc6JH85pM 5min
non-Newtonian fluid: a state of matter;substance acts like a liquid when at rest, like a solid when pressure is applied
pool: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVwover speaker: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zoTKXXNQIU Slow Mo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1Op_1yG6lQ science party: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-wxnID2q4A
More non-newtonian vids: Mythbusters: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2aB3nCmIII
Oobleck Dubb step: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoB0pM2VASg
Matter can undergo physical and
chemical changes.
physical change:
1. the visible structure of an object is changed, but not the molecular structure.
2. the object stays the same substance, but in a different physical shape.
chemical change:
1. the molecular structure of an object is changed into a new substance.
2. all or some signs are present: -production of an odor -change in temperature -change in color -formation of bubbles -formation of a solid
VID:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqqmFFCwd7k
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcunQqbNEMQhow plastic made: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eCt0VDg-Kc
how recyled bottles made: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QkxpQT967w chem reactions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkBhW8Kj3r8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjyXIZtlHFo bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlwuxpMh8nk
changes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcunQqbNEMQ Bozeman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X328AWaJXvI
chem reactions: ChemReactions4min
Beautiful reactions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T14D61PdYko
energy: the ability to cause a change
chemical reaction: results in the rearrangement of atoms, in a substance
Examples of chemical reactions:
Heating your house
In a chemical reaction, energy is either released or absorbed.
Energy is required to break the bonds between atoms.
Examples of chemical reactions:
Photosynthesis
Examples of chemical reactions:
wood burning (fire)
Examples of chemical reactions:
wood burning (fire)
Examples of chemical reactions:
wood burning (fire)
Examples of chemical reactions:
Metabolism (digesting food for energy)
Examples of chemical reactions:
Formation of gases into water
Write 5 sentences:Describe a chemical reaction that you have observed in everyday life.Underline: 3 pieces of quantitative infoUnderline: 5 pieces of qualitative info
How did the chemical reaction start?What did it look like? What was the end result? How did you know it was a chemical reaction?
Ionic bonding: when a metal transfers one or
more electrons to a nonmetal, forming a bond
video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf07-8Jhhpc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf07-8Jhhpc
Balancing equations:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGf60kq_ZDI
Sodium Chloride reaction atoms: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LjxwUNSdFA
Study by watching videos
isotopes: atoms of the same element, with different # of neutrons
Scientists can calculate the age of rocks by studying the rate of decay of isotopes.
These scientists study radioactive decay.
animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9QIgY5_8ok endnuclear reactiosn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dj4CTJy6U9M
4. Some atoms can change their identity
radioactivity: the process by which the nucleus of an atom releases energy and particles
A scientific model...
Nuclear fission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKajmVgaOEM http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=vjqIJW_Qr3c
Radioactive decay
1. the process by which the neutrons in an atom change over time;
2. a method used to find out the age of fossils
How vid: http://science.howstuffworks.com/29296-100-greatest-discoveries-radioactivity-video.htm
half-life: the amount of time it takes for one-half of a particular atom to decay (and perhaps eventually turn into another element)
Atoms form ions.
ions: charged atoms; an atom that has lost or gained electrons
Opposite charges attract (pull towards).Same charges repel (push away).
Positive charge attracts negative charge.
Positive charge repels positive charge.Negative charge repels negative charge.
Opposite charges attract (pull towards).Same charges repel (push away).
Atomic bondsMagnets
Chemical bonds are formed due to the movement of electrons.
Electrons are transferred (lost/gained) or shared.
ionic bond: electrons are transferred (lost/gained)
covalent bond: electrons are shared
ionic bond: electrons are transferred (lost/gained)
covalent bond: electrons are shared
Chemical bonds are formed due to the movement of electrons.
Magnetism is due to the movement of electrons.
Electricity is due to the movement of electrons.
Radioactive dating:
the method of studying radioactive decay rates in order to measure the age of rocks
info: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYvUSro7YUM
How to express ratios verbally.
3:1 three to one ...book example: hydrogen to nitrogen H3N
This is NOT the same as 1:3
1:2CO2
in words?
ratio of elements?
1:2CO2
one to two
ratio of elements?
1:2CO2
one to two
carbon to oxygen
ratio?H2O
in words?
ratio of elements?
2:1 H2O
two to one
hydrogen to oxygen
ratio?C6H12O6
in words?
ratio of elements?
6:12:6C6H12O6
six to twelve to six
carbon to hydrogen to oxygen
Unit D Section 2.1
I. Elements combine to form compounds
Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds
a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.
Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elements
Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elementsii. chemical bonds: hold atoms together in large networks or small groups; determine the properties of a compound.
Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elementsii. chemical bonds: hold atoms together in large networks or small groups; determine the properties of a compound.iii. compound properties: depend upon type of atoms (element) and shape (arrangement of atoms)
Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elementsii. chemical bonds: hold atoms together in large networks or small groups; determine the properties of a compound.iii. compound properties: depend upon type of atoms (element) and shape (arrangement of atoms)iv. properties of compound may be different than the substances they make-up
I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.
b. Atoms combine in predictable numbers.
I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.
b. Atoms combine in predictable numbers.i. particular compounds contain a particular ratio of atoms; this ratio determines the substance
I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.
b. Atoms combine in predictable numbers.i. particular compounds contain a particular ratio of atoms; this ratio determines the substance
c. Chemical formulas i. chemical formula: represents the ratio of atoms in a chemical compound using element symbols
I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.
b. Atoms combine in predictable numbers.i. particular compounds contain a particular ratio of atoms; this ratio determines the substance
c. Chemical formulas i. chemical formula: represents the ratio of atoms in a chemical compound using element symbols
ii. steps to writing a chemical formula
1. find the symbols for the element types
2. include a subscript to note how many atoms of each type of element; (the subscript 1 is never used)
d. Same elements, different compounds
i. different compounds can be formed of atoms of the same elements
p44
2.1 Review Questions
1. In many cases, they are different.
2.1 Review Questions
1. In many cases, they are different.
2. 12 carbon atoms + 22 oxygen atoms + 11 oxygen atoms = 45 total atoms
2.1 Review Questions
1. In many cases, they are different.
2. 12 carbon atoms + 22 oxygen atoms + 11 oxygen atoms = 45 total atoms
3. Atoms can combine in many different ratios.
2.1 Review Questions
4. All atoms are in a 1:1 ratio.
5. Compare how they react with another substance
6. The carbon and oxygen atoms are in different ratios in the compounds.
Videos
Molecule basics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlSOESXQI7o
2.5 What the Bleep: Water mediation6min Water Stridertypes of bonds (cov+ionic) another Hydrogen Bonding (Polar)FUnction of neurotransmitters solute into solvent Acid Rain
Bonds happy#: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww
dogs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M9khs87xQ8
quantitative:
(adj) expressed as a quantity;
information as expressed through numbers
qualitative:
(adj) expressed in a description;
information as expressed through words (especially adjectives and adverbs)
What is the charge of an electron?
What is an ion?
What is the charge of an electron?
negative
What is an ion?
an atom with a (positive or negative) charge
What determines an ion’s charge?
If an atom loses an electron, then it becomes less negativeand has a positive charge.
If an atom gains an electron, then it becomes more negativeand has a negative charge.
Visual reminder: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpaHPXVR8WU
MAGNETS!How’s it made, magnets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noGGcyPHtdI
Vinegar battery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_P27iln1Qk
Solar cell: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Caf1JIz4X2I
Earth’s magnetic field: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izlqoHYZWqg
Ferrofluid: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EuyZ5Lml4k
Magnetic field:
Magnets exhibit (show) positive and negative charges.
This attraction forms a magnetic field.
Gravity pulls electrons from one side of the magnet to the other side.
Vocabulary:
magnetic field: invisible force that travels from positive to negative
north pole: end of magnet that is positively charged
south pole: end of magnet that is negatively charged
Rules for drawing magnetic field lines:
1. Arrows start at the (positively charged) north pole to (negatively charged) the south pole2. Arrows should never cross3. The closer the field lines are to each other, the stronger the magnet
“Electrons travel from
positive to negative.”
Vocabulary
electricity: presence and motion of charged particles
electric current: flow of electrons around a closed path (electric circuit)
circuit: closed path on which electrons travel
Electric charge: there are two types of electric charges - positive and negative
Like charges repel.
Unlike charges attract.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2monVkCkX4
conductor: a material through which electrons
flow easily
insulator: a material that resists the flow of
electrons
Let’s practice making more circuits!
The flow of electrons creates an electrical current.
How many circuit combinations can you make?
Electricity:
Intro w/ vocb:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpc
What are the four qualities of a scientist?
-creative-curious-skeptical-observant
What are the four qualities of a scientist?
-creative-curious-skeptical-observant
These qualities require self-direction, a personal responsibility to learn.
static electricity: electrical force (push/pull of
electrons) caused by a buildup of negative
charges in one place and positive charges in
another
demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxxmeI1gW0k
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhWQ-r1LYXY&list=PL2EDE126FBA8519EFhttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balloons
Static Electricity Lab - Observations
1. Interaction between balloon and wallProvide space between numbers for qualitative and quantitative data.
-For each: 3 pieces of qualitative data, 3 pieces of quantitative data
2. Interaction between balloon and hair
3. Interaction between 2 pieces of tape, not touching
4. Interaction between 2 pieces of tape, overlapping
5. Interaction between pen and paper scraps