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Wireless and Satellite Telecommunications: The Technology, The Market and the Regulations, 2/E

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Joseph N. Pelton, University of Colorado, Boulder

ISBN: 0-13-140493-8Publisher: Prentice Hall PTRCopyright: 1996Format: Cloth; 400 ppPublished: 07/12/1995Status: Instock

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Table of Contents

I. UNDERSTANDING WIRELESS.

1. Introduction.

The Basic Dynamics of Telecommunications. Wireless Telecommunications: What Is It? The Telecommunications Market and New Services. Future Patterns of Telecommunications Growth and Frequency Use. Wireless Services and Applications. Wireless Technology. Policy and Regulation in Wireless Telecommunications. The Future of Wireless Telecommunications. Exploring the Complexity of Wireless Technology.

2. The World of Wireless: Fundamental Concepts and Key Services.

Introduction. Paging and Position Location Services. Dispatching Services, Fleet Communications, IMTS, and Specialized Mobile Radio. Cellular Communications Services. Digital Cellular and Personal Communications Service (PCS). Wireless PBX and LAN Services. Infrared Buses. Satellite Services. VHF, UHF, Microwave, and Millimeter Wave Transmission Systems Other Wireless Telecommunications.

II. THE MARKET, THE SERVICES AND THE TECHNOLOGY.

3. The Wireless Market.

Examining the Wireless Market. The Environmental Assessment. Market Factors That Will Serve as a Brake on Rapid Shifts in the Field of Telecommunications. Worldwide Market Assessment of Wireless Telecommunications. Key Market Trends. The Wireless Market: A Sector-by-Sector Analysis. The Wireless Market: Today and Tomorrow.

4. Wireless Communications Technology and Its Implementation.

Introduction. Wireless Mobile Communications Technology. Implementing Mobile Communications Technology. Inventorying Key Problems and Their Solutions.

5. Satellite Communications Technology and Its Implementation.

Introduction. The Fundamentals. The Regulatory Environment for Satellites. Comparative Assessment of Different Types of Satellite Systems. Satellite versus Terrestrial Telecommunications Standards. Conclusions.

III. SPECTRUM, STANDARDS, POLICY AND REGULATION.

6. The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Frequency Allocation for Wireless Service.

Introduction. Key Frequency Allocations. Strategies for Coping with Frequency Shortages in Wireless Services. Conclusions.

7. Policy, Regulatory and Management Issues in Wireless Telecommunications.

Introduction. Key Policy Issues and Regulatory Controls. Modern Management Concepts and the Wireless Telecommunications Industry.

8. Standards for Wireless Service.

Introduction to the Standards-Making Process. The Key Standards for Wireless Communications Services. Standards for Satellite Communications. Other Wireless Standards Issues. Summary and Conclusions.

IV: EXPLORING THE FUTURE AND CONCLUSION.

9. The Future of Wireless Telecommunications.

Introduction. New Trends for the Future. New Breakthroughs for the Twenty-First Century. Summary and Conclusions.

10. Synopsis and Conclusions.

Introduction. The Key Elements of Wireless Telecommunications. Market, Services, and Applications. Technology. Economics, Finance, and Administrative Issues. Standards. Policy and Regulation. Final Conclusions.

V. APPENDICES.

Appendix One - Selected Bibliography. Appendix Two - Glossary of Terms. Appendix Three - Standards Making for Personal Communications Services (PCS). About the Author. Index.

Multimedia Communication Systems: Techniques, Standards, and Networks

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K. R. Rao, University of Texas, ArlingtonZoran S. Bojkovic, University of Belgrade, YugoslaviaDragorad A. Milovanovic

ISBN: 0-13-031398-XPublisher: Prentice Hall PTRCopyright: 2002Format: Cloth; 576 ppPublished: 04/26/2002Status: Instock


Table of Contents

Preface. Acknowledgments. List of Acronyms. 1. Multimedia Communications.

Introduction. Multimedia Communication Model. Elements of Multimedia Systems. User Requirements. Network Requirements. Packet Transfer Concept. Multimedia Requirements and ATM Networks. Multimedia Terminals. Concluding Remarks.

2. Audio-Visual Integration.

Introduction. Media Interaction. Bimodality of Human Speech. Lip Reading. Speech-Driven Talking Heads. Lip Synchronization. Lip Tracking. Audio-to-Visual Mapping. Bimodal Person Verification. Joint Audio-Video Coding. Concluding Remarks.

3. Multimedia Processing in Communications.

Introduction. Digital Media. Signal-Processing Elements. Challenges of Multimedia Information Processing. Texture-Based Methods. Shape-Based Methods. Color-Based Methods. Perceptual Coding of Digital Audio Signals. Absolute Threshold of Hearing. Critical Band Frequency Analysis. Simultaneous Masking and the Spread of Masking. Temporal Masking. PE. Transform Audio Coders. Audio Subband Coders. Speech Coder Attributes. CD Audio Coding for Multimedia Applications. Image Coding. Video Coding. Watermarking. Organization, Storage and Retrieval Issues. Signal Processing for Networked Multimedia. NNs for Multimedia Processing. Multimedia Processors. Concluding Remarks.

4. Distributed Multimedia Systems.

Introduction. Main Features of a DMS. Resource Management of DMS. Networking. IP Networking. IP Multicast. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). RTP. Performance Management. Fault Management. Configuration Management. Security Management. Accounting and Billing Management. Multimedia Operating Systems. CPU Management. Memory Management. I/O Management. File System Management. Distributed Multimedia Servers. Distributed Multimedia Applications. VoD. Telecooperation Infrastructure. Telecooperative Applications. Telemedicine. Basic Features of a Hypermedia System. The Web. Concluding Remarks.

5. Multimedia Communication Standards.

Introduction. MPEG Approach to Multimedia Standardization. MPEG-1 (Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio). MPEG-2 (Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio). MPEG-2 Video-The Basics. MPEG-2 Video Syntax. MPEG-2 Video Scalability. MPEG-2 Video: Profiles and Levels. MPEG-4-Coding of Audiovisual Objects. Media_Objects. MPEG-4 Version 1. MPEG-4 Version_2. Extensions to MPEG-4 Beyond Version 2. Profiles in MPEG-4. Verification Testing: Checking MPEG's Performance. MPEG-4 Standardization Process. Requirements for MPEG-4. MPEG-4 Systems Architecture. Elementary Stream Management (ESM). Auxiliary Descriptors and Streams. Structuring Content by Grouping of Streams. Managing Content Complexity. Distributed Content-Handling Considerations. System Decoder Model (SDM) for ES Synchronization. MPEG-4 Systems BIFS. DMIF Computational Model. Shape-Coding Tools for MPEG-4 Natural Video. Motion Estimation and Compensation. Texture-Coding Tools. Multifunctional Coding. Sprite Coding. Scalability. Error Resilience. Relationship Between Natural and Synthetic Video Coding. Synthetic Images. Integration of Face Animation with Natural Video. FAPs. Face Model. Coding of FAPs. FIT. Integration of Face Animation and Text-to-Speech (TTS) Synthesis. BIFS for Facial Animation. 2D Mesh Coding. VO Tracking. 2D-Mesh Object Encoder/Decoder. MPEG-4 Natural Audio Coding. General Audio Coding (Advanced Audio Coding Based). Twin VQ. Speech Coding in MPEG-4 Audio. Scalability in MPEG-4 Natural Audio. Synthetic Audio in MPEG-4. Audio BIFS. Visual Object Types. Visual Profiles. Audio Object Types. Audio Profiles. Graphics. Systems Profiles. MPEG-4 Visual Texture Coding (VTC) and JPEG 2000 Image Compression Standards. MPEG-4 VTC. JPEG. PNG. Region of Interest (ROI) Coding. Scalability. Error Resilience. IPRs. Error Resilience. MPEG-7 Standardization Process of Multimedia Content Description. MPEG-7 Systems. MPEG-7 DDL. MPEG-7 Audio. MPEG-7 Visual. MPEG-7 MMDSs. MPEG-7 Reference Software (XM). MPEG-7 Conformance. MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework. MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration. Content Representation. Digital Item Identification and Description. Content Management and Usage. Intellectual Property Management and Protection. Terminals and Networks. Event Reporting. ITU-T Standardization of Audiovisual Communication Systems (H.310, H.320, H.321, H.322, H.323, and H.324). H.320 Standard. Standards for Audiovisual Services Across ATM H.310 and H.321. Standard H.322-Guaranteed QoS LAN Systems. ITU-T H.323 Standard. H.324 Standard. H.261 Standard. H.263 Standard. H.263+ (H.263 Version 2) Standard. H.263++ Standard Development. H.26L Standard. Bit Rate_. Delay. Complexity. Quality. ITU-T Recommendation H.221. ITU-T Recommendation H.223. ITU-T Recommendation H.225. Common Control Protocol H.245_. IETF and Internet Standards. Classical IP Stack. IP Version 6_. Priority Field. Flow Label. IPv6 Addresses. Hop-by-Hop Options Header. Fragment Header_. Routing Header. IPv6 Security. Signaling. Session Control. Transport_. Network Infrastructure_. Multimedia Data for Network Use. Use of RTP_. System Architecture. MPEG-4 Server. MPEG-4 Client. Concluding Remarks.

6. Multimedia Communications Across Networks.

Packet Audio/Video in the Network Environment. Video Transport Across Generic Networks. Layered Compression. Layered Transmission. Error-Resilient Encoding. Decoder Error Concealment. Error-Resilient Entropy Code. Rate Control Techniques. Theoretical Foundation of the SRC. Video Compression. Requirements Imposed by Streaming Applications. Application Layer QoS Control. Continuous Media Distribution Services. Streaming Servers. Media Synchronization. Protocols for Streaming Video. Multimedia Transport Across ATM Networks. Multimedia Across IP Networks. MPEG Video Transmission on the Internet. Video Coding for Multimedia Across IP. Multimedia Across DSLs. Serial Transmission: TDM. Parallel Transmission Frequency Division Multiplexing. Internet Access Networks. Multimedia Across Wireless. Communication System (WBCS) for Multimedia. Speech Transmission in GSM. Video Across GSM. Mobile ATM. Mobile IP. Wireless Multimedia Delivery. SIP in Mobile Environment. Multicast Routing in Cellular Networks. Broadband Wireless Mobile. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB). Data Transmission Using MPEG-2 and DVB. MPEG Program Stream. MPEG Transport Stream. Broadband Multimedia Satellite Systems. Multimedia Home Platform. Multimedia Car Platform. Digital Television Infrastructure for Interactive Multimedia Services. Interactive Broadcast Data (IDB) Services. Data Carousel Concept. Concluding Remarks.

References. Index. About the Authors.

Wireless Digital Communications: Modulation and Spread Spectrum Applications

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Kamilo Feher, University of California, Davis



Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Wireless, Cellular, Digital, PCS-Mobile Radio.

Summary. Mobile Communications: Evolution and Fundamentals. International Mobile Satellite, Low Earth Orbit, and Medium Altitude Orbit Satellite Frequency Bands. Personal Communication Systems (PCS) Universal Digital PCS. Standards: The Importance of National and International Standardization. Mobile Personal Computers (PC) and Personal Communication Systems (PCS). U.S. and World Cellular Markets.

2. Speech Coding for Wireless Systems Applications.

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Techniques in Wireless Telephone and Broadcast Systems. Speech Coding Techniques for Audio and Voice. American and European Speech Codes.

3. Radio Propagation and Cellular Engineering Concepts.

Introduction. Fundamental Radio Propagation and System Concepts. Fundamentals of Antenna Gain. Propagation Characteristics. Models of Multipath-Faded Radio Signals. Instrumentation and Measurements for Laboratory and Field Tests. Delay-Spread Field Measurement Results. Industry Standards for Propagation Models. Problems.

4. Digital Modulation-Demodulation (MODEM) Techniques.

Introduction. Baseband Transmission Systems. Modem Principles and Architectures. Interference. Definitions and Performance of Spectral and Power Efficiency. Performance in Complex Interference-Controlled Mobile Systems. Advantages of Coherent Demodulation over Noncoherent Systems. Advanced Modulation Methods. Adaptive Equalization for Frequency- Selective Faded and Delay-Spread Systems. Synchronization of Burst Demodulators: Carrier Recovery and Symbol Timing Recovery. Problems.

5. Coding: Error Correction and Detection.

Error Control Requirements. Interleaving. Block Coding. Convolutional Coding. Price of Error Correction: Reduced Throughput? Word-Error Rate, False-Alarm Rate, and Probability of Bit Error. Repetition Transmission and Majority-Voting System: Concepts and Performance. Automatic Repeat Request.

6. Spread-Spectrum Systems.

Introduction. Fundamental Concepts of Spread-Spectrum Systems. Pseudo-noise Sequences. Performance of Direct- Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): Direct-Sequence (DS) and Frequency-Hopped (FH) Spread-Spectrum Systems. Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Systems. Synchronization of Spread-Spectrum Systems. Spread- Spectrum Applications in Cellular, PCS, and Mobile Communications. Problems.

7. Diversity Techniques for Mobile-Wireless Radio Systems.

Introduction. Concepts of Diversity Branch and Signal Paths. Combining and Switching Methods. Carrier-to-Noise and Carrier-to-Interference Ratio Performance Improvements. Average Pe Performance Improvement. Summary. Problems.

8. Personal Mobile Satellite Communications.

Introduction. Integration of GEO, LEO, and MEO Satellite and Terrestrial Mobile Systems. Personal Satellite Communications Programs.

9. Cellular and Wireless Systems Engineering.

Introduction. Access Methods: TDMA (TDD and FDMA); Spread-Spectrum Frequency-Hopping; Direct-Sequence CDMA and CSMA. Comparison of Linearly Amplified BPSK, DQPS and DQPSK and Nonlinearly Amplified (NLA) GMSK, GFSK, 4-FM, and FQPSK Radio Equipment (Coherent and Noncoherent). Radio Link Design of Digital Wireless Cellular Systems. Spectrum Utilization in Digital Wireless Mobile Systems. Capacity and Throughput (Message Delay) Study and Comparison of GMSK, GFSK, and FQPSK Modulated Wireless Systems. Time Division Multiple Access Wireless Cellular Systems. Code Division Multiple Access Spread-Spectrum Digital Cellular IS-95 System. Standards for Wireless Local Area Networks. Wireless Personal Communications. Problems.

Appendices.

Statistical Communication Theory: Terms, Definitions, and Concepts. Software Package of CREATE-1 (Disk Enclosed). Dr. Feher Associates Patented Filter, Digital Signal Processing, and Correlated Modulation/RF Amplification Means: GMSK, GFSK, FBPSK and FQPSK Implementations of Digcom, Inc. Licensed Technologies. Abbreviations and Acronyms.

Bibliography. Index.

Wireless Communications and Networking

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Jon W. Mark, University of WaterlooWeihua Zhuang, University of Waterloo

ISBN: 0-13-040905-7Publisher: Prentice HallCopyright: 2003Format: Cloth; 368 ppPublished: 09/18/2002Status: Instock


Table of Contents

1. Overview of Wireless Communications and Networking. 2. Characterization of the Wireless Channel. 3. Bandpass Transmission Techniques for Mobile Radio. 4. Receiver Techniques for Fading Dispersive Channels. 5. Fundamentals of Cellular Communications. 6. Multiple Access Techniques. 7. Mobility Management in Wireless Networks. 8. Wireless/Wireline Interworking. Appendices. References. Answers to Selected Problems

Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems

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C.-K. Toh, Georgia Institute of Technology



Table of Contents

About The Author. Preface. Acknowledgments. Quotes & Words of Wisdom. 1. Introduction to Wireless Networks.

Evolution of Mobile Cellular Networks. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Personal Communications Services (PCSs). Wireless LANs (WLANS). Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). IMT2000. IS-95, cdmaOne and cdma2000 Evolution. Organization of this Book.

2. Origins Of Ad Hoc: Packet Radio Networks.

Introduction. Technical Challenges. Architecture of PRNETs. Components of Packet Radios. Routing in PRNETs. Route Calculation. Pacing Techniques. Media Access in PRNETs. Flow Acknowledgments in PRNETs. Conclusions.

3. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.

What Is an Ad Hoc Network? Heterogeneity in Mobile Devices. Wireless Sensor Networks. Traffic Profiles. Types of Ad Hoc Mobile Communications. Types of Mobile Host Movements. Challenges Facing Ad Hoc Mobile Networks. Conclusions.

4. Ad Hoc Wireless Media Access Protocols.

Introduction. Problems in Ad Hoc Channel Access. Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocols. Sender-Initiated MAC Protocols. Existing Ad Hoc MAC Protocols. MARCH: Media Access with Reduced Handshake. Conclusions.

5. Overview of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols.

Table-Driven Approaches. Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP). Cluster Switch Gateway Routing (CSGR). Source-Initiated On-Demand Approaches. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV). Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA). Signal Stability Routing (SSR). Location-Aided Routing (LAR). Power-Aware Routing (PAR). Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR). Relative Distance Microdiversity Routing (RDMAR). Conclusions.

6. Associativity-Based Long-Lived Routing.

A New Routing Paradigm. Associativity-Based Long-Lived Routing. ABR Protocol Description. Conclusions.

7. Implementation Of Ad Hoc Mobile Networks.

Introduction. ABR Protocol Implementation in Linux. Experimentation and Protocol Performance. Important Deductions. Conclusions.

8. Communication Performance of Ad Hoc Networks.

Introduction. Performance Parameters of Interest. Route Discovery (RD) Time. End-to-End Delay (EED) Performance. Communication Throughput Performance. Packet Loss Performance. Route Reconfiguration/Repair Time. TCP/IP-Based Applications. Conclusions.

9. Energy Conservation: Power Life Issues.

Introduction. Power Management. Advances in Device Power Management. Advances in Protocol Power Management. Power Conservation by Mobile Applications. Periodic Beaconing On Battery Life. Standalone Beaconing. HF Beaconing with Neighboring Nodes. Comparison of HF Beaconing with and without Neighbors. LF Beaconing with Neighboring Nodes. Comparison of LF Beaconing with and without Neighbors. Deductions. Conclusions.

10. Ad Hoc Wireless Multicast Routing.

Multicasting in Wired Networks. Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Existing Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocols. ABAM: Associativity-Based Ad Hoc Multicast. Comparisons of Multicast Routing Protocols. Conclusions.

11. TCP Over Ad Hoc.

Introduction to TCP. Versions of TCP. Problems Facing TCP in Wireless Last-Hop. Problems Facing TCP in Wireless Ad Hoc. Approaches to TCP over Ad Hoc. Conclusion.

12. Internet & Ad Hoc Service Discovery.

Resource Discovery in the Internet. Service Location Protocol (SLP) Architecture. SLPv2 Packet Format. Jini. Salutation Protocol. Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP). Service Discovery for Ad Hoc. Ad Hoc Service Location Architectures. Conclusions.

13. BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY.

Bluetooth Specifications. Bluetooth Architectures. Bluetooth Protocols. Bluetooth Service Discovery. Bluetooth MAC. Bluetooth Packet Structure. Bluetooth Audio. Bluetooth Addressing. Bluetooth Limitations. Bluetooth Implementation. Conclusions.

14. WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL (WAP).

The WAP Forum. The WAP Service Model. The WAP Protocol Architecture. The WWW Programming Model. The WAP Programming Model. Conclusions.

15. Ad Hoc Nomadic Mobile Applications.

In the Office. While Traveling. Arriving Home. In the Car. Shopping Malls. The Modern Battlefield. Car-to-Car Mobile Communications. Mobile Collaborative Applications. Location/Context Based Mobile Services. Conclusions.

16. Conclusions and The Future.

Pervasive Computing. Motorola PIANO Project. UC Berkeley Sensor Networks: Smart Dust. EPFL Terminodes/Large-Scale Networks. 802.15 PANs and 802.16 Wireless MANs. Ad Hoc Everywhere?

Glossary of Terms. References. Index.

How Wireless Works

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Preston Gralla

ISBN: 0-7897-2487-1Publisher: Que/SamsCopyright: 2002Format: Paper; 232 ppPublished: 09/13/2001Status: Instock


Table of Contents

Introduction.

I. UNDERSTANDING WIRELESS'S BASIC TECHNOLOGIES.

1. Welcome to the World of Wireless. 2. What Is the Electromagnetic Spectrum? 3. How a Basic Wireless System Works. 4. How Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) Work. 5. How Data Rides on Wireless Waves. 6. How Antennas, Transmitters, and Receivers Work.

II. HOW RADIO AND TELEVISION WORK.

7. How Radio Broadcasting Works. 8. How Walkie-Talkies and Family Radio Service (FRS) Work. 9. How Television Broadcasting Works.

III. HOW CELLULAR TELEPHONES AND PAGERS WORK.

10. How Cellular Networks, Cells, and Base Stations Work. 11. How Cellular Telephones Work. 12. How Pagers Work.

IV. UNDERSTANDING WIRELESS NETWORKS.

13. How a Wireless Network Works. 14. How Home Wireless Networks Work. 15. Understanding Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 Networking.

V. THE WIRELESS INTERNET.

16. Understanding the Internet. 17. How Cell Phones Access the Internet. 18. How XML and Voice XML Deliver Internet Data. 19. How i-mode Works. 20. PCs and Wireless Technology. 21. How Wireless Palmtops Work.

VI. APPLYING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY: mCOMMERCE, SECURITY, BUSINESS USE, AND BEYOND.

22. How mCommerce and Corporate Wireless Access Work. 23. Privacy and Security in a Wireless World. 24. How Wireless 3G Works. 25. Wireless Use in Satellites and Space. Glossary. Index.

Public and Private Land Mobile Radio Telephones and Systems

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Lawrence Harte, President of APDG, Inc., North CarolinaAlan SharkRobyn ShalhoubTom Steiner

ISBN: 0-13-673609-2Publisher: Prentice Hall PTRCopyright: 2000Format: Cloth; 246 ppPublished: 04/14/2000Status: Out of Stock

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Land Mobile Radio.

Conventional Land Mobile Radio (Two-Wav). Commercial Trunked Radio. The Need for Land Mobile Radio. Locations of Commercial Trunked Radio Systems.

North America. Europe/Eurasia. Central and South America and the Caribbean. Asia-Pacific. Africa/Middle East.

Commercial Trunked Radio Services.

Voice. Dispatch. Paging and Messaging. Data.

Commercial Trunked Radio Standards.

Analog Systems. Digital Systems.

Trunked Mobile Radio Equipment. Commercial Trunked Radio Users. Commercial Trunked Radio Equipment Suppliers. Trunked Radio Competition. Radio Spectrum Regulation. Summary.

2. SMR Technology and Evolution.

Mobile Radio Systems.

Conventional Two-Way Radio. Trunked Radio. Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR).

Technologies.

Analog. Digital. Simplex Systems. Semi-Duplex Systems. Full Duplex Systems. Repeater Systems. Community Repeater Systems. Conventional System Enhancements.

Key Applications.

Public Safety. Emergency. Industrial. Utilities. Transportation. Marine. Local Dispatch. Business Radio Services. Location Tracking. Environemental. Security.

3. Analog Land Mobile Radio Systems.

Logic Trunked Radio (LTR). SmartWorks. SmartNet. SmarTrunk. SmartZone. LTR-Net. Multi-Net II. PassPort. APCO. ESAS. MPT.

4. Digital LMR Technology.

Digital System Advantages.

Increased Capacity. New Features. Digital Transmission Quality. Security and Voice Privacy. Economic Benefits.

System Access Technologies.

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Spread Spectrum (FHMA and CDMA).

Modulation.

Amplitude Modulation (AM). Frequency Modulation (FM). Phase Modulation (PM). Combined Phase and Amplitude Modulation.

Radio Channel Types.

Traffic (or Voice) Channels. Control.

Duplex Operation. Voice Processing/Speech Coding. Channel Coding (Error Detection and Correction).

Block Coding. Convolutional Coding.

RF Power Level Control. Dynamic Time Alignment. Spectral Efficiency. System Efficiency. System Security and Privacy. Dual Mode Systems. Signaling.

In-Band Signaling. Out-of-Band Signaling. Logical Channels.

Squelch Systems.

Carrier Controlled Squelch System. Tone Controlled Squelch System. Digital Squelch System.

5. Digital LMR Systems.

iDEN. EDACS. TETRA. TETRA POL. Project 25.

6. Land Mobile Radios.

Analog Audio Signal Processing. Digital Audio Signal Processing. Speech Coding. Error Protection. Radio Signal Processing. Display Technology.

Antennas.

Gain. Antenna Loaded Coils.

Accessories.

External Microphone. External Speaker. Modems and Data Adapters. Battery Chargers. Software Download Transfer Equipment. Subscriber Identity Cards.

Power Supply.

Vehicle Power Supplies. Line Voltage Power Supplies. Batteries.

Digital Land Mobile Radio.

7. Land Mobile Radio Systems.

Land Mobile Radio System Equipment.

Base Stations. Antenna Towers. Repeater Relays. Dispatch Consoles. Switching Centers. Databases. System Security.

Implementation Methods.

Radio Simulcasting. Offset Radio Channel. Frequency Reuse. Handoff. Voting Receivers. Upgrading Conventional LMR to Trunked Radio Systems. Integrated and Overlay. Sub-Rate Multiplexing. Distributed Switching. Echo Cancelers.

LMR System Interconnections.

Public Telephone Network. Dispatch Center. Data Networks. Voice and Fax Mail Systems. Customer Service Center.

System Design.

Strategic Planning. Radio Propagation. Frequency Planning. System Testing and Verification.

8. LMR Economics.

Land Mobile Radios.

Development Costs. Cost of Production. Patent Royalty Cost. Marketing Cost. Post-Sales Support. Manufacturers' Profit.

System Equipment.

Development Costs. Cost of Production. Patent Royalty Cost. Marketing Costs. Post-Sales Support. Manufacturer's Profit.

System Capital Cost.

Radio Site. System Operations Center.

System Operational Cost.

Leasing and Maintaining Communication Lines. Local and Long-Distance Tariffs. Billing Services. Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M). Land and Site Leasing. Service Revenue Potential. System Cost to the Service Provider. Voice Service Cost to the Consumer. Data Service Cost to the Consumer. Mobile Radio Cost to the Consumer. Availability of Equipment. Distribution and Retail Channels.

Market Growth.

9. Future LMR Technologies.

Voice Paging. High Speed Packet Systems. Digital Channel Multicarrier Architecture (DC/MATM). Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA). Dual Technology Mobile Radios.

10. Advanced LMR Services.

Short Messaging.

Point-to-Point Messaging. Point-to-Multi-Point Messaging. Broadcast Messaging. Executable Messages.

Data Communication.

Circuit Switched Data. Packet Switched Data. Fax Delivery. Telemetry/Monitoring. Remote Control.

Image Services.

Photo Transfer. Video Transfer.

Location Monitoring.

System Position Location. External Position Location.

Dispatch.

Voice Dispatch. Computer-Aided Dispatch.

Appendix I. Acronyms. Appendix II. Industry Standards.

Document Distribution.

United States. Australia. Brazil. Canada. Colombia. France. Germany. Hong Kong. Italy. Mexico. Latin America (via Miami). Nordic. South Africa. United Kingdom.

TERRESTRIAL TRUNKED RADIO (TETRA). ENHANCED DIGITAL ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (EDACS). INTEGRATED DIGITAL ENHANCED NETWORK (iDEN). APCO 25. GENERAL LAND MOBILE RADIO.

Appendix III. Associations. Index.

Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications

Rodger E. Ziemer, University of Colorado at Colorado SpringsRoger L. Peterson, Motorola, Inc.David E. Borth, Motorola, Inc.



Table of Contents

1. Basic Digital Communications Concepts. 2. Introduction to Spread Spectrum Systems. 3. Binary Shift Register Sequences for Spread Spectrum Systems. 4. Code Tracking Loops. 5. Initial Synchronization of the Receiver Spreading Code. 6. Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems in Jamming Environments. 7. Performance of Spread-Spectrum Systems with Forward Error Correction. 8. Code Division Multiple Access Digital Cellular Systems. 9. Low Probability of Intercept Methods. Appendix A: Phase-Lock Loop Fundamentals. Appendix B: The Gaussian Probability Function. Appendix C: Power Spectral Densities for Sequences of Random Binary Digits and Random Tones. Appendix D: Calculation of the Power Spectrum of the Product of Two m-Sequences. Appendix E: Evaluation of Phase Discriminator Output Autocorrelation Functions and Power. Appendix F: Numerical Approximations for the Chi-Square Probability Distribution and Marcum's Q-Function.

Bluetooth Revealed: The Insider's Guide to an Open Specification for Global Wireless Communications

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Brent A. Miller, Cary, North CarolinaChatschik Bisdikian, Mt. Kisco, New York

ISBN: 0-13-090294-2Publisher: Prentice Hall PTRCopyright: 2001Format: Paper; 320 ppPublished: 09/21/2000Status: Instock


Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION. TO BLUETOOTH WIRELESS COMMUNICATION.

1. What Is Bluetooth?

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The Bluetooth Name and History. Reader's Guide to This Book.

2. Technology Basics.

Wired and Wireless Communications. Radio Frequency Wireless Communications. Infrared Wireless Communication. The Bluetooth RF Communications Solution.

3. Bluetooth Usage Models.

The Cordless Computer. The Ultimate Headset. The Three-in-One Phone. The Interactive Conference (File Transfer). The Internet Bridge. The Speaking Laptop. The Automatic Synchronizer. The Instant Postcard. Ad Hoc Networking. Hidden Computing.

4. Introduction to the Bluetooth Specification.

Purpose of the Specification. Scope. The Specification's Structure. Relationships. Guide to Understanding the Specification.

II. THE BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION EXAMINED.

5. The Bluetooth Protocol Stack.

The Protocol Stack Components. The Transport Protocol Group. The Middleware Protocol Group. The Application Group.

6. The Lower Protocols of the Transport Group.

The Bluetooth Radio. The Link Controller and Baseband. The Link Manager and Link Manager Protocol. Summary.

7. The Upper Protocols of the Transport Group.

The L2CAP Layer. The Host Controller Interface (HCI). Summary.

8. The RFCOMM and SDP Middleware Protocols.

The RFCOMM Protocol. The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP).

9. IrDA Interoperability Middleware Protocols.

IrDA and Bluetooth Wireless Communication Compared. The IrDA Interoperability Protocols.

10. Audio and Telephony Control.

Audio and Telephony Control Operation.

III. THE BLUETOOTH PROFILES EXAMINED.

11. The Bluetooth Profiles.

The Version 1.0 Profiles.

12. The Generic Profiles.

Relationships. The Generic Access Profile. The Service Discovery Application Profile. Summary.

13. The Telephony Profiles.

Relationships. The Cordless Telephony Profile. The Intercom Profile. The Headset Profile.

14. The Serial and Object Exchange Profiles.

Relationships. The Serial Port Profile. The Generic Object Exchange Profile. The Object Push Profile. The File Transfer Profile. The Synchronization Profile.

15. The Networking Profiles.

Relationships. The Dial-Up Networking Profile. The LAN Access Profile. DUNP and LAP Compared. The Fax Profile.

IV. THE FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY.

16. Beyond the Version 1.0 Specification.

The SIG Reconstituted. Bluetooth Products.

17. Concluding Thoughts.

Interoperability. Opportunities.

Bibliography Cited References. Index.

Essential Guide to Wireless Communications Applications, The: From Cellular Systems to WAP and M-Commerce

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Andy Dornan



Table of Contents

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. The Wireless World.

Cellphone Generations. 1G. 2G. 21/2 G. 3G. 4G. From the 20s to the 2000s. Timeline. Buying a Cellphone. Posers. Globalization. Radio Active. Summary.

2. Radio Spectrum.

Radio. Radio and Radiation. Bands. Microwaves. Interference. Analog vs Digital. AM and FM. Amplitude Modulation. Frequency Modulation. Phase Modulation. Polarization. Spectrum Regulation. ITU. Regional Licenses. Service Specific vs Open Licenses. Licensing Methods. Beauty Contest. Lottery. Auction. Free-For-All. Summary.

3. Cellular Networks.

Cells. Microcells. Handoff. Effect of Frequency. Duplexing. FDD. TDD. Multiplexing. Frequency. Space. Time. Codes. Orthogonality. Voice Coding. Waveform Coding. Vocoding. Hybrid Codecs. Summary.

4. PCS Standards.

Cellular Voice and Data. GSM. HSCSD. GPRS. D-AMPS. PDC/JDC. D-AMPS+. cdmaOne. cdmaTwo. Packet Data Systems. Paging. CDPD. Mobitex. DataTAC. MCDN. Private Mobile Radio. TETRA. iDEN. Summary.

5. Third-Generation Standards.

IMT-. 3G Defined. Service Requirements. Spectrum Requirements. Compatibility. W-CDMA. TD-CDMA. UMTS. CDMA. 1XMC. 3XMC. HDR. 1Xtreme. EDGE. Enhanced GPRS. EDGE Compact. Summary.

6. Mobile Data Services.

Messaging. SMS. CBS. USSD. Applications of Messaging. The SIM Toolkit. The Wireless Web. HTML. C-HTML. Web Clipping. HDML. XML. MExE. WAP. Protocols. Bearers. Architecture. WWW: MMM. Site Design. C-HTML Sites. WAP Sites. Summary.

7. M-Commerce.

M-Business Plans. Comparison Shopping. Banking. Advertising. Location-Specific Services. Streaming Media. Games. Billing. Interconnection. The Accounting Rate System. Mobility. Roaming. Present Pricing Strategies. Future Pricing Strategies. Payment Plans. Security. Encryption. Public Key Cryptography. Wireless Portals. Viruses. Cloning. Theft. Summary.

8. Inside a Mobile Network.

The Air Link. MSU. BTS. Voice Infrastructure. BSC. MSC. TSC. GMSC. Data Infrastructure. PCU. SGSN. The GPRS Backbone. GGSN. Optional GPRS Infrastructure. Ricochet WAPs. Server-side Equipment. WAP Gateways and Servers. The Internet. Internet Protocol Version. The IP Address Shortage. Mobile IP. Internet Protocol Version. Summary.

9. Short-range Wireless Networks.

Unlicensed Spectrum. ISM. License-Free Radio. Light. Wireless LANs. Wireless LAN Standards. Access Points. Hubs vs Switches. BRAN. Cordless Telephony. Telepoint. Standards. Picocells. IrDA. Types of IrDA. Infrared LANs. Bluetooth. Technology. Profiles. Applications. Summary.

10. Phones or Computers?

Future Phones. Wearable Computers. Smartphones. Tablets. Clamshells. Subnotebooks. Mobile OSs. EPOC. Palm OS. Windows CE. Linux. Proprietary or No Operating System. PDA Hardware. Processor. Memory. Interfaces. Power Consumption. Batteries. User Input. Keyboards. Predictive Text Input. Handwriting Recognition. Summary.

11. Fixed Wireless Technology.

Wireless Local Loop. Spread Spectrum. MMDS. LMDS. Competing Technologies. Point-to-Point Microwave. Licensed. Unlicensed. Network Architecture. Laser. Optical Networking. Fiberless Optics. Wireless Computers. Summary.

12. Internet in Space.

Orbits. GEO. MEO. LEO. Elliptical. VSATs. The VSAT Industry. Traditional VSAT Architecture. Switching in the Sky. One-Way Data Systems. Super VSATs. Mobile Satellite Systems. Mobile Satellite Telephony. Mobile Satellite Telemetry. Non-Space Networks. Mars Online. Summary.

Glossary. Index.

Wireless Communications and Networks

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William Stallings



Table of Contents

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Recommended Reading/Websites and Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems.) 1. Introduction.

Wireless Comes of Age. The Cellular Revolution. The Global Cellular Network. Broadband. The Trouble with Wireless. Outline of the Book. Internet and Web Resources.

I. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND.

2. Transmission Fundamentals.

Signals for Conveying Information. Analog and Digital Data Transmission. Channel Capacity. Transmission Media. Multiplexing.

3. Communication Networks.

LANs, MANs, and WANs. Switching Techniques. Circuit-Switching. Packet-Switching. Asynchronous Transfer Mode.

4. Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite.

The Need for a Protocol Architecture. The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture. The OSI Protocol Architecture. Internetworking.

II. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.

5. Antennas and Propagation.

Antennas. Propagation Modes. Line-of-Sight Transmission. Fading in the Mobile Environment.

6. Signal Encoding Techniques.

Signal Encoding Criteria. Digital Data, Analog Signals. Analog Data, Analog Signals. Analog Data, Digital Signals.

7. Spread Spectrum.

The Concept of Spread Spectrum. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. Code-Division Multiple Access. Generation of Spreading Sequences.

8. Coding and Error Control.

Error Detection. Block Error Correction Codes. Convolutional Codes. Automatic Repeat Request.

III. WIRELESS NETWORKING.

9. Satellite Communications.

Satellite Parameters and Configurations. Capacity AllocationFrequency Division. Capacity AllocationTime Division.

10. Cellular Wireless Networks.

Principles of Cellular Networks. First Generation Analog. Second Generation TDMA. Second Generation CDMA. Third Generation Systems.

11. Cordless Systems and Wireless Local Loop.

Cordless Systems. Wireless Local Loop. IEEE 802.16 Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Standard.

12. Mobile IP and Wireless Access Protocol.

Mobile IP. Wireless Application Protocol.

IV. WIRELESS LANS.

13. Wireless LAN Technology.

Overview. Infrared LANs. Spread Spectrum LANs. Narrowband Microwave LANs.

14. IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard.

IEEE 802 Protocol Architecture. IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services. IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control. IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer.

15. Bluetooth.

Overview. Radio Specifications. Baseband Specification. Link Manager Specification. Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol.

V. APPENDICES.

Appendix A: Standards and Standard-Setting Organizations.

The Importance of Standards. Standards and Regulation. The International Telecommunications Union. Internet Standards and the Internet Society. IEEE 802 Standards.

Appendix B: Traffic Analysis.

Basic Traffic Concepts. Multiserver Models. Recommending Reading.

Appendix C: Fourier Analysis.

Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals. Fourier Transform Representation of Aperiodic Signals. Recommended Reading.

Appendix D: Data Link Control Protocols.

High-Level Data Link Control.

Glossary. References. Index.

Robust Modulation Methods and Smart Antennas in Wireless Communications

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Bruno Pattan, FCC, Washington, D.C.



Table of Contents

1. In Pursuit of Bandwidth Efficiencies for Wireless Terrestrial and Satellite Communications.

Introduction.

2. Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation Techniques.

Introduction. Bandwidth and Power Efficiency Plane. Conclusions. References.

3. Higher Order Modulation Methods.

Introduction. Signal State Space Diagrams. Performance Representations. Conclusions. Glossary of Terms. References.

4. Dynamics of Linear and Continuous Phase Modulation Methods in Digital Communications.

Introduction. Linear Modulation. Continuous Phase Modulation. Phase Trellises in CPM. GMSK Modulation. Tamed Frequency Modulation (TFM). Signal Orthogonality. Conclusions. References.

5. Error Control Coding.

Introduction. Code Families. Code Performance. Block Coding. Convolutional Encoding. Concatenated Coding. Interleaving. Coding Break-through. Conclusions. References.

6. Trellis Coded Modulation (Codulation).

Introduction. The Theory. Attributes of Trellis Coded Modulation. Practical Systems. Performance Degraders. Conclusions. Glossary of Terms. References.

7. Spread Spectrum Communication Systems.

Introduction. Spread Spectrum Techniques. Code Generation. Codes for Spread Spectrum Multiplexing. Spread Spectrum Interference Analysis. The Multipath Phenomenon. Purely Random or Pseudo-Random What's the Difference? Conclusions. Glossary of Terms. References.

8. Terrestrial-based Wireless Communications.

Introduction. Frequency Bands of Operation. Interference Analysis. Increasing Capacity. Cellular Standards. Personal Communications Service. Conclusions. References.

9. The Butler Matrix.

Introduction. Planar Array Beams. Multiple Volumetric Beams. Butler Array Application. Conclusions. References.

10. Sidelobe Cancellers in Smart Antenna Applications.

Introduction. Single Interferer Sidelobe Canceller. Multiple Interferers. Conclusions. References.

11. A Look at Switched-Beam Smart Antennas.

Introduction. Trunking Efficiency. Smart Antennas. Configurations. Conclusions. References.

12. Deterministic Signals, Random Noise, and Coherent Noise (Pseudo) Combining in an Array Antenna.

Introduction. Coherent Signals. Coherent Noise. An Adaptive Array in a Quiescent Signal Field.

13. Adaptive Arrays in Cellular Communications.

Introduction. The Theory. Simulation Results. Conclusions. References.

14. Summary Smart Antennas in Cellular Communications.

Introduction. Adaptive Array Genre. Where Are Smart Antennas Going? Conclusions.

A. Gaussian Low-Pass Filter. B. Scattering Matrix of the Quadrature Hybrid. C. Example of Trunking and Erlang Tables. D. Glossary of Terms. Index. The Author.

Essential WAP for Web Professionals

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Damon HouglandKhurram Zafar



Table of Contents

Foreword. Acknowledgements. About the Authors. 1. What Is WAP?

The Need for WAP. Benefits of WAP. Recap.

2. WAP Architecture.

The WAP Specifications. Elements of the WAP Architecture. Common Deployment Schemes. WAP Push Architecture. Recap.

3. Wireless Markup Language (WML).

Understanding XML. WML Elements and Attributes. Recap.

4. WMLScript.

An Overview of WMLScript. WMLScript On the Inside. WMLScript on the Outside. Recap.

5. Images and Graphics.

Wireless Bitmap (WBMP) Format. Use of Graphics in WAP Applications. Recap.

6. WAP Security.

The Five Tenets of Security. The WAP Security Architecture. Future Enhancements to WAP Security Model. Recap.

7. Example Wireless Applications.

Purpose. External Databases and Applications. The Contact List Application. Advanced Projects.

8. Example ASP Application.

The Code. The GetData() Function. The SendMail() Function. Putting It All Together. Recap. Advanced Projects.

9. Example JSP Application.

The Code. The GetData() Function. The SendMail() Function. Putting It All Together. Recap. Advanced Projects.

10. Example PERL Application.

The Code. The PERL Main Routine. The WML Application. The GetVariables() Subroutine. The GetData() Subroutine. The SendMail() Subroutine. Recap. Advanced Projects.

11. Example Java Servlet Application.

The JDeck API. The Code. The WapServlet Class. The WML Application. Another JDeck Example. Recap. Advanced Projects.

12. The Future of WAP.

High Bandwidth, Low Latency. Evolved Infrastructure. Evolved Clients. Richer Content, Interactive Applications. Rapid Adoption. Bluetooth. Recap.

Appendix A: Glossary. Appendix B: Setting up a WAP Development Environment. Index.

Mobilize Your Enterprise: Achieving Competitive Advantage Through Wireless Technology

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Patrick Brans



Table of Contents

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary.) Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments.

I. MAKING THE CASE.

1. The Future is Wireless.

Technology versus Magic. The Magic of Companies. Friction-Free Sales and Service. Technology That Works Magic. How Far We Have Come. Near-Term Expectations. Long-Term Outlook. The Impact on IT Planning. Planning for Security. Planning to Deploying New Applications. Addressing the Paradigm Shift. Immediate Actions.

2. Today's Possibilities.

The Current State of Technology. Networks. Battery Technology. CPU/Memory. User Interface. Enterprise Applications. Analysis of Today's Technology. The Current State of the Industry. The Demand Side. The Supply Side. Visionaries versus Pragmatists. The Cautious Visionary. Job Functions With Immediate ROI. Functionality Required.

3. Today's Business Value.

Sales. Information at Your FingertipsLiterally. Price Quotes and Product Availability. Orders and Delivery. Up-Sell and Cross-Sell. Forecasts. Opportunities/Customer Contacts. Benefits. Service Employees. Dispatch. Parts Replacement. Trouble Ticketing. Problem History/Technical Documents. Billing. Benefits. Consultants. Information Access. Email Access. Staying Up to Date. Benefits. The Traveling Professional. Performing Administrative Tasks. Alerts. Email. Meetings. Benefits. The Rest of the Company.

II. CLOSING THE GAP.

4. The Anatomy of a Mobile Enterprise.

The Gap between Workers and Information. Building Blocks to Bridge the Gap. Portable Computing Devices. User interface. Wireless Networks. Wireless Application Gateways. Enterprise Applications. Synchronization. Security. Different Solution Configurations. Access to One Application. Access to Several Applications. A Subscription Service. Choosing the Right Kind of Solution for You.

5. Portable Computing Devices.

Enterprise Requirements of Portable Devices. The Range of Devices Available. Cell Phones. Choosing a Cell Phone. Cell Phone Features. WAP Browser. Messaging. Data Entry. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Palm OS-Powered PDAs. Pocket PC-Powered Devices. EPOC-Powered Devices. RIM. Accessories. Smart Phones. Telephone Manufacturers that Make Smart Phones. PDA Manufacturers that Make Smart Phones. The Downside of Smart Phones. Tablet Computers. Notebooks. Ultra-Thin Notebooks. Desktop Replacement. Features for the Mobile Professional. Ruggedized Devices. Rugged Defined. Ruggedized PDAs. Ruggedized Tablets. Ruggedized Notebooks. Interesting Combinations of Devices. Notebook and PDA. Cell Phone and PDA. Cell Phone and Notebook or Tablet. Device Management. Portable Devices and the Mobile Enterprise. Salespeople. Service Employees. Consultants. Traveling Professionals.

6. Wireless Network Technologies.

Tips on Terminology. Frequency and Wavelength. Bands and Spectrum. Cellular and PCS. TDMA and CDMA. Fundamentals of Radio Signaling. Electromagnetic Radiation. Radio Frequencies. Signal Propagation and Disturbances. Increasing Frequency. Modulation. Analog versus Digital. Multiplexing. Circuit Switching versus Packet Switching. Voice Communications. Data Communications. Voice over Packet. Licensed versus Unlicensed Spectrum. Cellular. PCS. Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR). 3G. Unlicensed Frequency: Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM). The Cellular Model. Cells. Handoff/Handover. Roaming. Dual-Mode/Dual-Band. Network Standards Using the Cellular Model. AMPS. Maximizing Frequency Use. AMPS Data Services. AMPS for the Mobile Enterprise. TDMA (IS-136). Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). From D-AMPS to TDMA (IS-136). TDMA (IS-136) Data Services. TDMA (IS-136) for the Mobile Enterprise. GSM. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). GSM Data Services. GSM for the Mobile Enterprise. CDMA (IS-95). Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). Data Services. CDMA for the Mobile Enterprise. Data Networks. Mobitex. ARDIS. Data Networks for the Mobile Enterprise. Bluetooth. Bluetooth for the Mobile Enterprise. Wireless LANs. Background on 802.11. 802.11 for the Mobile Enterprise. Location Technology. Location Determination. Location-Based Services. Location for the Mobile Enterprise.

7. Wireless Application Gateways.

Joining Three Worlds. Data Exchange Models. PreFetch and Aggregate. On-Demand. Push. Synchronization. Thin Client/Thick Client. Underlying Technologies. J2EE. J2ME. Extensible Markup Language. Other Markup Languages. Application Servers. WAG Functional Reference Model. Presentation. Applications. Business Logic. Mobility. Computing Platform. Legacy Integration. Application Development.

8. Enterprise Applications.

The Evolution of Business Applications. Business Process Automation. Software Development, Packaging, and Integration. Presentation of Application Output. All Roads Lead to the Customer Office. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Supply Chain Management (SCM). Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). Knowledge Management (KM). Elements of KM Systems. Choosing the Right Scope for KM. Workflow. KM for the Mobile Enterprise. Email. Personal Information Management (PIM). Collaboration. Additional Applications. Time and Expense. News. Alerts. Desktop Synchronization (Detachable/Disconnected). Enterprise Applications for the Mobile Workforce.

9. Mobile Enterprise Security.

Security Threats. Legitimate Use. Confidentiality. Service Availability. Data Integrity. Non-repudiation. Tools and Concepts for Countering Threats. Physical Security. Cryptography. Digital Signatures. Digital Certificates. Authentication. On-Device Data Security. Virus Protection. Security Solutions. Public Key Infrastructure. Firewalls. Virtual Private Networks. Device Protection. Peculiarities of the Mobile Environment. Always-On Connections. Low Bandwidth. Broadcast Nature of Wireless. Low Powered Devices. A New Breed of User. Securing the Mobile Enterprise. A Fully Secured Mobile Enterprise. Updating the Corporate Security Policy.

III. READY, SET.

10. Reengineering Business Processes.

Process-Oriented Business. Consistency. Economy of Scale. The Importance of Flexibility. Objectives in Reengineering Business Processes. A Simple Methodology. Notation. Modeling As-Is Processes. Redesigning Processes. Evaluating the Case for Mobility. Example 1: Pharmaceutical Sales Rep. Pre-Call Planning. Physician-Facing Activities. Post-Call Activities. Advantages Gained through Mobile Technology. Example 2: High-Tech Field Engineer. Dispatch. Repair Equipment. Time and Materials. Advantages Gained through Mobile Technology.

11. Fitting the Solution to the Problem.

Developing a Shopping List. Device Requirements. Online versus Offline Access. Network Requirements. Thin Client versus Thick Client. System Load. Uptime. Security. Going Shopping. The Structure of the Industry. Device Vendors. Systems Integrators. Wireless Network Operators. Wireless Application Gateway Vendors. Enterprise Application Vendors. Platform Vendors. The Size of the Vendor. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).

12. Deploying a Mobile Enterprise Solution.

Measuring the Benefits of Mobile Technology. Metrics for Sales. Metrics for Service Workers. General Metrics. Deployment Phases. Planning a Pilot. Running the Pilot. Initial Implementation. Fiscal Planning Aspects. Health and Safety Concerns. Working while Driving. Effects of Radio Frequency (RF) Signals on Health.

Afterword.

IV. APPENDICES

A: Online Resources.

Definitions/Encyclopedias/Tutorials. Industry News/Opinion. Industry Forums. Industry Analysts and Research Firms. Health and Safety. Resources for IT Professionals. Device Vendors. Enterprise Application Vendors. WAG Vendors. Systems Integrators. Wireless Network Operators. Platform Vendors. Vendors of Security Products. Other Vendors.

B. Recommended Reading.

Technology Adoption. Personal Computing Devices. Wireless Network Technology. Enterprise Applications. Security. Wireless Application Gateways. Business Process Reengineering. Internet. Industries. Health and Safety. Periodicals.

Glossary. Index.

Bluetooth 1.1: Connect Without Cables, 2/E

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Jennifer BrayCharles F. Sturman



Table of Contents

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary.). Foreword to the Second Edition. Foreword to the First Edition. Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1. Overview.

Bluetooth?s Origins. The Bluetooth SIG. Aims. The Protocol Stack. Security. Applications and Profiles. Using Bluetooth. Management. Test and Qualification. Bluetooth in Context.

PROTOCOL STACK PART 1THE BLUETOOTH MODULE.

2. Antennas.

Radiation Pattern. Gains and Losses. Types of Antennas. Ceramic Antennas. On-chip Antennas. Antenna Placement.

3. Radio.

Introduction. Frequency Hopping. Modulation. Symbol Timing. Power Emission and Control. Radio Performance Parameters. Simple RF Architecture. RF System Timing. Blue RF.

4. Baseband.

Introduction. Bluetooth Device Address. Masters, Slaves, and Piconets. System Timing. Physical Links: SCO and ACL. Bluetooth Packet Structure. Packet Types and Packet Construction. Logical Channels. Channel Coding and Bitstream Processing. Timebase Synchronisation and Receive Correlation. Frequency Hopping.

5. The Link Controller.

Introduction. Link Control Protocol. Link Controller States. Link Controller Operation. Piconet Operation. Scatternet Operation. Master / Slave Role Switching. Low-Power Operation. Baseband / Link Controller Architectural Overview.

6. Audio.

Introduction. Audio Transports in the Protocol Stack. Quality and Bandwidth. SCO Links. Audio CODECs. Audio Subsystem. Audio Data Formats and HCI. Implementation.

7. The Link Manager.

LMP Protocol Data Units (PDUs). The Link Management Channel. Link Setup. LMP Link Shutdown. Role Change. Control of Multi-Slot Packets. Security. Low-Power Modes. Power Control. Quality of Service. Information Messages. Supported Features. LMP Version. Name Request. Test Mode.

8. The Host Controller Interface.

HCI Packet Types. The HCI Transport Layer. Flow Control. Configuring Modules. Inquiring: Discovering Other Bluetooth Devices. Inquiry Scan: Becoming Discoverable. Paging: Initiating Connections. Page Scan: Receiving Connections. Sending and Receiving Data. Switching Roles. Power Control.

PROTOCOL STACK PART 2THE BLUETOOTH HOST.

9. Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol.

Multiplexing Using Channels. L2CAP Signalling. Establishing a Connection. Configuring a Connection. Transferring Data. Disconnecting and Timeouts. Connectionless Data Channels. Enabling and Disabling Incoming Connectionless Traffic. Handling Groups. Echo and Ping. Get Information. L2CAP State Machine. Implementation-Dependent Issues.

10. RFCOMM.

Serial Ports and UARTs. Types of RFCOMM Devices. RFCOMM Frame Types. Connecting and Disconnecting. Structure of RFCOMM Frames. Multiplexer Frames. Service Records.

11. The Service Discovery Protocol.

SDP Client/Server Model. The SDP Database. Browsing SDP Records. Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs). SDP Messages. Service Discovery Profile.

12. The Wireless Application Protocol.

The WAP Forum. The WAP Stack. PPP Links. WAP Clients and Servers. Suspend and Resume. Service Discovery. WAP Interoperability. Using WAP.

13. OBEX and IrDA.

OBEX in the Bluetooth Stack. Object Model. Session Protocol.

14. Telephony Control Protocol.

TCS Signalling. Call Establishment Signalling. Call Clearing Signalling. DTMF Signalling. Wireless User Group (WUG) Signalling. Connectionless Signalling. TCS Call States.

PROTOCOL STACK PART 3CROSS LAYER FUNCTIONS.

15. Encryption and Security.

Key Generation and the Encryption Engine. Secret Keys and PINs. Pairing and Bonding. Starting Encryption. Security Modes. Security Architecture.

16. Low-Power Operation.

Controlling Low-Power Modes. Hold Mode. Sniff Mode. Park Mode. Low-Power Oscillator.

17. Quality of Service.

Requesting QOS. QOS Violations. Flushing and Delays. Link Supervision. Broadcast Channel Reliability. Data Rates and Packet Types.

18. Managing Bluetooth Devices.

Link Configuration and Management. Device Manager Architecture. Security Management. Integrating Applications. Accounting Management. Capacity. User Interface Design.

APPLICATIONSTHE BLUETOOTH PROFILES.

19. Foundation Profiles.

Structure of Profiles. The Generic Access Profile. The Serial Port Profile. Dial Up Networking. FAX Profile. Headset Profile. LAN Access Point Profile. Generic Object Exchange Profile. Object Push Profile. File Transfer. Synchronisation Profile. Intercom Profile. The Cordless Telephony Profile. Benefits of Profiles.

20. Draft Post ? Foundation Profiles.

The Human Interface Device Profile. The Hands-Free Profile. The Basic Imaging Profile. The Basic Printing Profile. The Hard Copy Cable Replacement Profile.

21. Personal Area Networking.

The PAN Profile. Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Profile.

22. ESDP for UPnP.

Universal Plug and Play Device Architecture. L2CAP Based Solutions. IP Based Solutions.

TEST AND QUALIFICATION.

23. Test Mode.

Activating Test Mode. Controlling Test Mode. Radio Transmitter Test. Loopback Test.

24. Qualification and Type Approval.

Bluetooth Qualification. Bluetooth Interoperability Testing. Regulatory Type Approval.

BLUETOOTH IN CONTEXT.

25. Implementation.

Introduction. System Partitioning. Hardware Integration Options. Bluetooth as an IP Core. ASIC Prototyping and FPGAs. Making the Right Design Choices. Radio Implementation.

26. Related Standards and Technologies.

Introduction. What Are the Requirements? Infrared Data Association (IrDA). Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). IEEE 802.11. The HomeRF Working Group (HRFWG). IEEE 802.15 and the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). HIPERLAN. MMAC. The Future. Useful Web Addresses.

27. The Bluetooth Market.

Introduction. Market Pull and Technology Push. Market Segments. Success in the Marketplace. Enabling Technologies and Components. Consumer Products. The Bluetooth Brand.

28. Future Developments.

Working Groups and New Bluetooth Profiles. Profile Working Groups. Future Bluetooth Core Specifications.

APPENDIX?BLUETOOTH 1.1 UPDATES.

Glossary. References. Index.

The Essential Guide to RF and Wireless, 2/E

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Carl J. Weisman, Redondo Beach, California



Table of Contents

Preface.

I. FUNDAMENTALS.

1. Basic Concepts.

Introduction. Vocabulary. RF Basics.

2. RF Behavior.

Loss and Gain. Decibels. Bandwidth. Wideband and Narrowband. RF in the Environment. Match.

II. RF HARDWARE.

3. Basic System Components.

Block Diagrams. Antennas. Amplifiers. Filters. Mixers. Sources. A Quick Review.

4. Other Components.

Switches. Attenuators. Dividers and Combiners. Couplers. Circulators and Isolators. Transformers. Detectors. Phase Shifters. Phase Detectors. Review of Components.

5. Circuits and Signals.

Semiconductors. Circuit Technologies. Modulation. Getting Around.

III. RF SYSTEMS.

6. Older Technology.

Broadcasting. Radar. Satellite Communications. Point-to-Point Microwave.

7. Mobile Telephony.

A World of Choices. The Cellular Concept. Underlying Technology. CDMA Explained. Cellular Evolution.

8. The New World of Wireless.

Broadband Fixed Wireless. Wireless Networks. The Mobile Internet. The Bleeding Edge.

Glossary. Appendix A. Acronyms. Appendix B. Specifications. Bibliography. About the Author. Index.

Principles and Applications of GSM

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Vijay K. Garg, Willowbrook, IllinoisJoseph E. Wilkes, Red Bank, New Jersey

ISBN: 0-13-949124-4Publisher: Prentice Hall PTRCopyright: 1999Format: Cloth; 512 ppPublished: 09/24/1998Status: Out of Stock


Table of Contents

1. An Overview of Wireless Communications Systems.

Introduction. GSM MoU. GSM in North America. GSM Markets. OSI Model. First-Generation Analog Cellular Systems. Second-Generation Digital Cellular Systems. Third-Generation Systems. Summary. References.

2. Standards for Wireless Communications Systems.

Introduction. Cordless Systems. GSM. UPT. IMT-. UMTS. North American Standards. Japanese Standards. Summary. References.

3. Access Technologies.

Introduction. Narrowband Channelized Systems. Spectral Efficiency. Wideband Systems. Comparisons of FDMA, TDMA, and DS-CDMA. Summary. Problems. References.

4. Cellular Communications Fundamentals.

Introduction. Cellular Systems. Geometry of a Hexagonal Cell. Cochannel Interference Ratio. Cellular System Design in Worst Case with an Omnidirectional Antenna. Cochannel Interference Reduction with Use of Directional Antennas. Directional Antennas in 7-Cell Reuse Pattern. Cell Splitting. Summary. Problems. References.

5. GSM Architecture and Interfaces.

Introduction. GSM Frequency Bands. GSM PLMN. Objectives of a GSM PLMN. GSM PLMN Services. GSM Subsystems. GSM Interfaces. Mapping of GSM Layers onto OSI Layers. North American PCS-. Summary. References.

6. Radio Link Features in GSM Systems.

Introduction. Radio Link Measurements. Radio Link Features of GSM. Future Techniques to Reduce Interference in GSM. Summary. References.

7. GSM Logical Channels and Frame Structure.

Introduction. GSM Logical Channels. Allowed Logical Channel Combinations. GSM Frame Structure. GSM Bursts. Data Encryption in GSM. Mobility Management. Summary. References.

8. Speech Coding in GSM.

Introduction. Speech Coding Methods. Speech Codec Attributes. LPAS. ITU-T Standards. Waveform Coding. GSM Vocoders. Summary. References.

9. Messages, Services, and Call Flows in GSM.

Introduction. GSM PLMN Services. GSM Messages. GSM Call Flow Scenarios. Summary. References.

10. Data Services in GSM.

Introduction. Data Interworking. GSM Data Services. SMS. GSM GPRS. Summary. References.

11. Privacy and Security in GSM.

Introduction. Wireless Security Requirements. SIM Cards. Security Algorithms for GSM. Token-based Authentication. Summary. Problems. References.

12. Modulation and Demodulation.

Introduction. Introduction to Modulation. PSK. Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). /4-DQPSK. MSK. GMSK. Synchronization. Equalization. Channel Coding. Interleaving and Deinterleaving. Summary. Problems. References.

13. Propagation Path Loss and Propagation Models.

Introduction. Multipath Characteristics of a Radio Wave. Free-Space Path Loss. Receiver Noise. The Path Loss over a Reflecting Surface. Fade Margin. Propagation Models. Delay Spread. Coherence Bandwidth. Doppler Spread. ISI. Summary. Problems. References.

14. Planning and Design of a GSM Wireless Network.

Introduction. Teletraffic Models. Mobility in Cellular/PCS Networks. Planning of a Wireless Network. Radio Design for a Cellular/PCS Network. Design of a Wireless System. Spectral Efficiency of a Wireless System. Receiver Sensitivity and Link Budget. Selection of Modulation Scheme. Design of TDMA Frame. Relationship between Delay Spread and Symbol Rate. Design Example for a GSM System. Summary. References.

15. Management of GSM Networks.

Introduction. Traditional Approaches to NM. TMN. Management Requirements for Wireless Networks. Platform-Centered Management. NM Interfaces and Functionality. Management of GSM Network. Summary. References.

16. Low-Mobility Adjunct to GSM.

Introduction. DECT. Summary. References.

17. An Overview of Signaling System.

Introduction. Types of Signaling. Types of Signaling Network Structures. Network Service Part (NSP). Signaling Message. SS7 UPs. Use of SS7 by GSM. SS7 Performance Objectives. Summary. References.

18. Telecommunication Traffic Engineering.

Introduction. Service Level. Traffic Usage. Traffic Measurements Units. Definition of Call Capacity. Traffic Distribution. Definitions of Terms. Data Collection Categories. Office Engineering Considerations. Blocking Formulas. Summary. Problems. References.

19. Comparison of TDMA Systems for Cellular/PCS.

Introduction. DAMPS-1900, PCS-1900, and PDC. Summary. References.

20. Future Wireless Services.

Introduction. Service Needs of Future Wireless Services. Future Network Architectures. Future Radio Standards. Software Radios. Summary. References.

A. Traffic Tables. B. Abbreviations. Index. About the Disk

Handbook of CDMA System Design, Engineering, and Optimization

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Kyoung Il Kim, Lucent Technologies, Whippany, New JerseyMembers of Technical Staff, Bell Labs.

ISBN: 0-13-017572-2Publisher: Prentice Hall PTRCopyright: 2000Format: Cloth Bound w/CD-ROM; 274 ppPublished: 12/23/1999Status: Instock


Table of Contents

Preface. Foreward. 1. Introduction.

References.

2. CDMA Overview.

Concept. Attributes. Reference.

3. Spectrum Coordination.

Spectrum Coordination. References.

4. Pilot Assignment.

Introduction. Pilot Channel Model. Call Processing for a Mobile Station. PILOT_INC and Pilot Phase Offset Reuse. A Procedure for Phase Assignment. References.

5. Mobile Station Access and Paging.

Description of Mobile Station Access Protocol. Average Persistence Delay for Access Request Attempt. Access Channel Capacity. Paging Channel Capacity. References.

6. Handoff.

Hard Handoff. Soft and Softer Handoff. Inter-Carrier Handoffs. References.

7. Link Budgets.

Derivation of the Reverse-Link Budget. Forward Link. References.

8. Capacity.

Reverse-Link Capacity. Forward-Link Capacity. Reference.

9. Coverage.

Reverse-Link Coverage Area. Forward-Link Coverage Area. A Derivation of Coverage Probability for Pilot Channel. Reference.

10. Traffic Engineering.

Introduction. Analysis. Numerical Results. References.

11. Antennas.

Introduction. Antenna Concepts. Antenna System with Interference and Cell Coverage. Diversity Antenna Systems. Antenna Isolation Guidelines for Collocated RF Stations. References.

Appendix A: RF Design Process.

Purpose. Process Overview. Preliminary Design Phase. Project Plan and Requirements Review. Data Preparation. Area Visits. Morphology Definition, Drive Test, and Calibration. Verify Input Parameters for Coverage Prediction. Capacity Planning. (Iterative) Engineering. Determine Search Rings. Preliminary Design Review. Final Design Phase. Candidate-Site Selection. Preliminary Evaluation of Candidate-Site Coverage. Drive Test of Candidate Sites. Drive-Test Data Analysis. Update Parameters Needed for Coverage Prediction. Capacity Planning/Traffic Studies. Final RF Candidate Site Selection and Sketch Preparation. Create Input to Cell Equipment Lists. PN Planning. Create Coverage Prediction Plots. Design Review.

Appendix B: Outline of RF Optimization Procedures.

Cluster Testing. System-Wide Optimization.

Appendix C: RF Coverage Prediction with CE4.

Overview of the CE4 Cellular Engineering Tool. Analysis Features Available for the Demo Version of CE4. System Requirements and Installation. Limitations of the Demo Version of CE4. Walk-Through of the CE4 Tool.

Index.

IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000: Cellular/PCS Systems Implementation

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Vijay K. Garg, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois



Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Access Technologies.

Introduction. Major Attributes of CDMA Systems. Third-Generation Systems. Multiple Access Technologies. Modes of Operation in Wireless Communications. Summary. References.

2. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Spreading Codes.

Introduction. Types of Techniques Used for Spread Spectrum. The Concept of Spread Spectrum System. The Performance of DSSS. Bit Scrambling. The Performance of a CDMA System. Pseudorandom Noise Sequences. Summary. Problems. References.

3. Speech and Channel Coding.

Introduction. Speech Coding. Channel Coding. Summary. Problems. References.

4. Diversity, Combining, and Antennas.

Introduction. Diversity Reception. Types of Diversity. Basic Combining Methods. BPSK Modulation and Diversity. Examples of Base Station and Mobile Antennas. Summary. References.

5. IS-95 System Architecture.

Introduction. TR-45/TR-46 Reference Model. Functional Model Based on Reference Model. Wireless Intelligent Network. Summary. References.

6. IS-95 CDMA Air Interface.

Introduction. TIA IS-95 CDMA System. Summary. References.

7. Physical and Logical Channels of IS-95 CDMA.

Introduction. Physical Channels. Modulation. Bit Repetition. Block Interleaving. Channel Coding. Logical Channels. Summary. References.

8. IS-95 CDMA Call Processing.

Introduction. CDMA Call Processing State. CDMA Registration. Authentication. Summary. References.

9. Signaling Applications in IS-95 CDMA.

Introduction. Layered Structure. A-Interface. Roaming. Summary. References.

10. Soft Handoff and Power Control in IS-95 CDMA.

Introduction. Types of Handoff. Pilot Sets. Search Windows. Handoff Parameters. Handoff Messages. Handoff Procedures. Setup and End of Soft Handoff. Maintenance of Pilot Sets. The Need for Power Control. Reverse Link Power Control. Forward Link Power Control. Summary. References.

11. Security and Identification in IS-95 CDMA.

Introduction. Mobile Identification Parameters. Authentication Procedures. Shared Secret Data. Parameter Update. Voice Privacy. Summary. References.

12. RF Engineering and Network Planning.

Introduction. Radio Design for a Cellular/PCS Network. Radio Network Planning. Radio Link Design. Estimation of Cell Count. Radio Coverage Planning. Propagation Models. Delay Spread. Doppler Spread. Intersymbol Interference. Link Budget and Cell Coverage. Dual-Mode CDMA Mobiles. The Transition from an Analog System to a Digital System. Facilities Engineering. Design Considerations at the Boundary of a CDMA System. Interfrequency Handoff. Summary. References.

13. Reverse and Forward Link Capacity of IS-95 CDMA System.

Introduction. Reverse Link Capacity. Multicell Network. Intercell Interference. Erlang Capacity of a Single Cell. Forward Link Capacity. CDMA Cell Size. Forward and Reverse Link Balance. Forward Link Budget. Summary. References. Problems.

14. Wireless Data.

Introduction. Data Communication Services. OSI Upper Layers. Wireless Data Systems. WLAN Standards. Access Methods. Error Control Schemes. Data Services in IS-. Asynchronous Data and Group-3 Facsimile. Short Message Service. Packet Data Services for CDMA Cellular/PCS Systems. Summary. References.

15. cdma2000 System.

Introduction. cdma2000 Layering Structure. cdma2000 Channels. Logical Channels Used by PLICF. Physical Layer. Forward Link Physical Channels. Forward Link Features. Reverse Physical Channels. Data Services in cdma. Mapping of Logical Channels to Physical Channels. Evolution of cdmaOne (IS-95) to cdma. Major Technical Differences between cdma2000 and W-CDMA. Summary. References. A-Traffic Tables. B-Abbreviations. C-Additional References

Index. About the Author

CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication

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Andrew J. Viterbi, QUALCOMM, Inc.



Table of Contents

1. Introduction.

Definition and Purpose. Basic Limitations of the Conventional Approach. Spread Spectrum Principles. Organization of the Book.

2. Random and Pseudorandom Signal Generation.

Purpose. Pseudorandom Sequences. Maximal Length Linear Shift Register Sequences. Randomness Properties of MLSR Sequences. Conclusion. Generating Pseudorandom Signals (Pseudonoise) from Pseudorandom Sequences. First- and Second-Order Statistics of Demodulator Output in Multiple Access Interference. Statistics for QPSK Modulation by Pseudorandom Sequences. Examples. Bound for Bandlimited Spectrum. Error Probability for BPSK or QPSK with Constant Signals in Additive Gaussian Noise and Interference. Appendix 2A: Optimum Receiver Filter for Bandlimited Spectrum.

3. Synchronization of Pseudorandom Signals.

Purpose. Acquisition of Pseudorandom Signal Timing. Hypothesis Testing for BPSK Spreading. Hypothesis Testing for QPSK Spreading. Effect of Frequency Error. Additional Degradation When N is Much Less Than One Period. Detection and False Alarm Probabilities. Fixed Signals in Gaussian Noise (L=1). Fixed Signals in Gaussian Noise with Postdetection Integration (L>1). Rayleigh Fading Signals (L>/=1). The Search Procedure and Acquisition Time. Single-Pass Serial Search (Simplified). Single-Pass Serial Search (Complete). Multiple Dwell Serial Search. Time Tracking of Pseudorandom Signals. Early-Late Gate Measurement Statistics. Time Tracking Loop. Carrier Synchronization. Appendix 3A: Likelihood Functions and Probability Expressions. Bayes and Neyman-Pearson Hypothesis Testing. Coherent Reception in Additive White Gaussian Noise. Noncoherent Reception in AWGN for Unfaded Signals. Noncoherent Reception of Multiple Independent Observations of Unfaded Signals in AWGN. Noncoherent Reception of Rayleigh-Faded Signals in AWGN.

4. Modulation and Demodulation of Spread Spectrum Signals in Multipath and Multiple Access Interference.

Purpose. Chernoff and Battacharyya Bounds. Bounds for Gaussian Noise Channel. Chernoff Bound for Time-Synchronous Multiple Access Interference with BPSK Spreading. Chernoff Bound for Time-Synchronous Multiple Access Interference with QPSK Spreading. Improving the Chernoff Bound by a Factor of 2. Multipath Propagation: Signal Structure and Exploitation. Pilot-Aided Coherent Multipath Demodulation. Chernoff Bounds on Error Probability for Coherent Demodulation with Known Path Parameters. Rayleigh and Rician Fading Multipath Components. Noncoherent Reception. Quasi-optimum Noncoherent Multipath Reception for M-ary Orthogonal Modulation. Performance Bounds. Search Performance for Noncoherent Orthogonal M-ary Demodulators. Power Measurement and Control for Noncoherent Orthogonal M-ary Demodulators. Power Control Loop Performance. Power Control Implications. Appendix 4A: Chernoff Bound with Imperfect Parameter Estimates.

5. Coding and Interleaving.

Purpose. Interleaving to Achieve Diversity. Forward Error Control Coding - Another Means to Exploit Redundancy. Convolutional Code Structure. Maximum Likelihood Decoder - Viterbi Algorithm. Generalization of the Preceding Example. Convolutional Code Performance Evaluation. Error Probability for Tailed-off Block. Bit Error Probability. Generalizations of Error Probability Computation. Catastrophic Codes. Generalization to Arbitrary Memoryless Channels - Coherent and Noncoherent. Error Bounds for Binary-Input, Output-Symmetric Channels with Integer Metrics. A Near-Optimal Class of Codes for Coherent Spread Spectrum Multiple Access. Implementation. Decoder Implementation. Generating Function and Performance. Performance Comparison and Applicability. Orthogonal Convolutional Codes for Noncoherent Demodulation of Rayleigh Fading Signals. Implementation. Performance for L-Path Rayleigh Fading. Conclusions and Caveats. Appendix 5A: Improved Bounds for Symmetric Memoryless Channels and the AWGN Channel. Appendix 5B: Upper Bound on Free Distance of Rate 1/n Convolutional Codes.

6. Capacity, Coverage, and Control of Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Networks.

General. Reverse Link Power Control. Multiple Cell Pilot Tracking and Soft Handoff. Other-Cell Interference. Propagation Model. Single-Cell Reception - Hard Handoff. Soft Handoff Reception by the Better of the Two Nearest Cells. Soft Handoff Reception by the Best of Multiple Cells. Cell Coverage Issues with Hard and Soft Handoff. Hard Handoff. Soft Handoff. Erlang Capacity of Reverse Links. Erlang Capacity for Conventional Assigned-Slot Multiple Access. Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Outage - Single Cell and Perfect Power Control. Outage with Multiple-Cell Interference. Outage with Imperfect Power Control. An Approximate Explicit Formula for Capacity with Imperfect Power Control. Designing for Minimum Transmitted Power. Capacity Requirements for Initial Accesses. Erlang Capacity of Forward Links. Forward Link Power Allocation. Soft Handoff Impact on Forward Link. Orthogonal Signals for Same-Cell Users. Interference Reduction with Multisectored and Distributed Antennas. Interference Cancellation. Epilogue.

References and Bibliography. Index.

Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G

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Vijay K. Garg, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois



Table of Contents

(NOTE: Each chapter begins with an Introduction and concludes with a Summary and References.)

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF CDMA AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO 2G SYSTEMS.

1. An Overview of Second- and Third-Generation (3G) Air Interfaces.

PCS Standardization Activities in North America. Major Attributes of CDMA Systems. Market Trends of Digital Wireless Technologies. Third-Generation (3G) Systems.

2. Propagation and Path Loss Models.

Free-Space Attenuation. Attenuation over Reflecting Surfaces. Effect of the Earth's Curvature. Signal Fading Statistics. Empirical Models for Path Loss. Frequency Diversity and Wideband Signals. Link Budget and Cell Coverage. Problems.

3. Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS) and TIA IS-95 CDMA.

The Concept of a Spread-Spectrum System. Requirements of Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum. Coherent Binary Phase-Shift Keying DSSS. Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying DSSS. Spreading Codes. Multipath Signal Propagation and the RAKE Receiver. Resolution of Multipath. Frame Quality and Bit Error Rate (BER) Requirements. Critical Challenges of CDMA. TIA IS-95 CDMA System. Problems.

4. Speech and Channel Coding, Spreading Codes, and Modulation.

Speech Coding. Speech Codecs in European Systems. QCELP Speech Codec. Enhanced Variable-Rate Codec (EVRC). Channel Coding. Spreading Codes. Modulation. Problems.

5. Physical and Logical Channels of IS-95.

Physical Channels. Modulation. Bit Repetition. Block Interleaving. Channel Coding. Logical Channels.

6. CDMA IS-95 Call Processing.

CDMA Call Processing State. CDMA Registration. Authentication.

7. Diversity, Combining, and Antennas.

Diversity Reception. Types of Diversity. Basic Combining Methods. BPSK Modulation and Diversity. Examples of Base Station and Mobile Antennas. Problems.

8. Soft Handoff and Power Control in CDMA.

Types of Handoff. Pilot Sets. Search Windows. Handoff Parameters. Handoff Messages. Handoff Procedures. Setup and End of Soft Handoff. Pilot Set Maintenance. Needs for Power Control. Reverse Link Power Control. Forward Link Power Control. Problems.

9. Access and Paging Channel Capacity.

Hash Function. IS-95 Random Number Generator. Access Channel Capacity. Paging Channel Capacity. Problems.

10. Reverse (Up) and Forward (Down) Link Capacity of a CDMA System.

Reuse Parameters in CDMA. Multicell Network. Intercell Interference. Reverse Link Capacity in Single-Cell and Multicell Systems. Reverse Link Capacity. Cell Loading. Cell Radius. Erlang Capacity of a Single Cell. Forward Link Capacity. CDMA Cell Size. Forward and Reverse Link Balance. Forward Link Budget. Problems.

II. EVOLUTION OF 2G SYSTEMS TO 3G SYSTEMS.

11. Third-Generation Standards Activities.

IMT-2000. Technical Requirements and Radio Environments for IMT-2000. International Standardization Activities. International Frequency Allocation. International Research Activities. Global Partnership Projects. Harmonization/Consensus Building. Harmonized G3G System. Harmonized Phased Approach. Core and Access Network. IMT-2000 Family of Systems. Core Network to Core Network Interface (NNI). Evolution of 2G Systems for Higher Data Rate.

12. Evolution of TDMA-Based 2G Systems to 3G Systems.

IS-136+. GSM Evolution for Data. Upgrade to UMTS (W-CDMA) in the Core GSM.

13. cdma2000 System.

cdma2000 Layering Structure. cdma2000 Channels. Logical Channels Used by PLICF. Physical Layer. Forward Link Physical Channels. Forward Link Features. Reverse Physical Channels. cdma2000 Media Access Control and LAC Sublayer. Data Services in cdma2000. Mapping of Logical Channels to Physical Channels. Evolution of cdmaOne (IS-95) to cdma2000. Major Technical Differences Between cdma2000 and W-CDMA.

14. Third-Generation European Standards.

Third-Generation European Systems. FMA1. FMA2 (W-CDMA). Physical Layer. Logical Channels. Mapping Between Logical and Transport Channels. Mapping of Transport Channels onto Physical Channels. Channelization Codes. Scrambling Codes. Spreading/Modulation. MAC and RLC Protocols. Transport Channels. Rate Matching. Uplink and Downlink Multiplexing. Frame Controller Header. Power Control. UTRAN Procedures. Packet Mode Operation. UMTS Network Reference Architecture. UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview. UMTS Core Network Architecture. Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Codec for UMTS. UMTS Bearer Service. QoS Management. Quality of Service in UMTS.

15. Wireless Data in CDMA.

Data Communication Services. OSI Upper Layers. Transmission Control Protocol. User Datagram Protocol. Network Layer on the Internet. Internet Reference Model. TCP/IP Suite. cdmaOne Data Rate. Network Reference Model. Protocol Options. Packet Data Protocol States. Packet Mode Data Service Features. G1X Data Services. Wireless Application Protocol.

III. WIRELESS NETWORKS.

16. Wireless Local Loop.

User Requirements for a WLL System. WLL Systems. WLL Architecture. Capacity of a CDMA WLL. W-CDMA WLL. Airloop WLL System.

17. Wireless Application Protocol, Bluetooth, and Wireless Local Area Network.

Wireless Application Protocol. Goals of WAP. WAP Programming Model. WAP Architecture. Bluetooth. Definitions of the Terms used in Bluetooth. Bluetooth Protocol Stack. Bluetooth Link Types. Bluetooth Security. Network Connection Establishment in Bluetooth. Error Correction in Bluetooth. Network Topology in Bluetooth. Bluetooth Usage Models. WAP and Bluetooth. Applications of WAP. Wireless Local Area Network. WLAN Equipment. WLAN Topologies. WLAN Technologies. High-Rate WLAN Standard. Other WLAN Standards.

18. Planning of a CDMA System.

Planning of a CDMA Network. CDMA Uplink and Downlink Load Factors. Multiuser Detection. Radio Link Budgets and Coverage Efficiency of CDMA. Cell Coverage for Cellular and PCS CDMA. PN Offset Planning for CDMA. Search Windows. Problems.

19. CDMA RF Optimization.

Cluster Testing. Systemwide Optimization Testing. CDMA System Parameters. Selection of Drive Routes. Simulation of Traffic Loading. Power Allocation. Nominal Parameter Settings. Optional Preliminary Tests. Guide to Cell Site Engineering. CDMA Network Performance. Causes of Poor CDMA System Performance. RF Optimization Tools. Single-Carrier Optimization.

20. Network and Services Management.

Traditional Approaches to Network Management. Platform-Centered Management. SNMP and CMIP. Telecommunications Management Network. Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). Management Requirements for Wireless Networks. Operations, Administration Maintenance, and Planning Strategy in 3G Systems. Third-Generation Partnership Project. Characteristics of 3G Network and Service Management.

Appendix A: Traffic Tables. Appendix B: List of Acronyms. Index.

Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach

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Kaveh Pahlavan, Worcester Polytechnic InstitutePrashant Krishnamurthy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania



Table of Contents

1. Overview of Wireless Networks.

Introduction. Different Generations of Wireless Networks. Structure of the Book. Appendix 1A Backbone Networks for Wireless Access. Appendix 1. Summary of Important Standards. Organizations. Questions.

I. PRINCIPLES OF AIR-INTERFACE DESIGN.

2. Characteristics of the Wireless Medium.

Introduction. Radio Propagation Mechanisms. Path-Loss Modeling and Signal Coverage. Effects of Multipath and Dopple. Channel Measurement and Modeling Techniques. Simulation of the Radio Channel. Appendix 2A What is dB? Appendix 2B Wired Media. Appendix 2C Path Loss Models. Appendix 2D Wideband Channel Models. Questions. Problems.

3. Physical Layer Alternatives for Wireless Networks.

Introduction. Applied Wireless Transmission Techniques. Short Distance Baseband Transmission. Pulse Transmission. Carrier Modulated Transmission. Traditional Digital Cellular Transmission. Broadband Modems for Higher Speeds. Spread Spectrum Transmissions. High-Speed Modems for Spread Spectrum Technology. Diversity and Smart Receiving Techniques. Comparison of Modulation Schemes. Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications. A Brief Overview of Software Radio. Appendix 3APerformance of Communication Systems. Appendix 3BC

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